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ESCI Exam 2 Review
ESCI Exam 2 Review
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Review for Exam 2 with us!
Flashcards
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1
Where is crust the youngest at seafloor spreading centers?
at the center of the spreading
at the outer edge
in between the spreading center and the outer edge
2
Climate that is rainy all year long and humid
Mediterranian
Tropical
Semi-arid
Subarctic
3
Which is not true about dams?
displace people in areas of flooding
Loss of ecosystems, scenery, and natural life surrounding the area
enrich the area by allowing full use for recreational activities
expensive to build
4
Highly erodible and impermeable rocks have higher drainage density.
False
True
5
What is hydrology?
The science of water
The science of precipitation
The science of mountains
6
How is the inner core of Earth solid under such extreme temperatures?
The intensity of the pressure outweighs the heat.
It isn't solid, it's liquid magma.
the amount of rocks surrounding it keeps it solid
there is not much heat at inner earth
7
What is a flood plain?
The stream itself
the base of a mountain
the flat, low lying area that is subjected to recurrent flooding
The enitre region suseptible to rainfall
8
What type of river is shown in the image?
braided
low sinuosity
meandering
9
What type of water in soil is a thin molecular layer of water tightly bound to soil?
Capillary
Gravitational water
Hygroscopic
10
The watershed is where the water flows from at the start of a storm.
False
True
11
The mid-atlantic ridge occurs at what type of boundary?
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
12
Flood stage occurs when stream discharge increases and spills out onto the adjoining ground.
True
False
13
What is happening in the image?
seafloor spreading
divergent plate boundary
subduction
transorm plate boundary
14
More extreme floods happen less frequently than lower magnitude floods.
True
False
15
Transform boundaries are where most volcanoes occur.
False
True
16
In calculating stream discharge, the stream discharge (Q) is calculated in:
m^3/s
f/s
meters
m/s
17
What number should be in the circled spot?
2
1
3
4
18
What is the name for the exact point where the water falls off of the cliff?
drainage divide
knickpoint
watershed
waterfall
19
Where does the hurricane get its energy from?
An unstable environment with warm air aloft and cold air over oceans
An unstable environment, with cold air aloft and warm air at the surface
A stable environment, with cold air under warm air
20
What is a fluvial process?
The saltwater concentration on earth
Stream related processes
Earth's water percentage
groundwater sources
21
What percentage of Earth’s water is salt water?
52
45
97
83
22
The first (smaller) streams are which number on the diagram?
1
2
3
4
23
What most widely used climate classification system is based on regional temperature and precipitation patterns?
The koppen system
Thornthwaite climate system
24
Cold air mass moves in on warm air mass, pushing it upwards
Warm Front
Cold Front
25
What are tropical cyclones?
Massive low pressure with strong rotating winds
Massive high pressures with weak rotating winds
26
Magnetic polarity helps determine the age of the sea floor.
False
True
27
The video shows an example of a(n)
point bar
cut bank
oxbow lake
shallow channel
28
Which boundary is formed when one plate hits into another?
convergent
transform
divergent
29
Why does subduction occur?
magma from earths surface melts the oceanic crust pulling it downward
The oceanic crust is more dense and gets subducted under continental crust
continental crust is more dense so it swallows the oceanic crust
oceanic crust flows under continentes creating volcanoes
30
A rock that is formed on the outside of earth is called an intrusive rock.
False
True
31
Transform boundaries can occur along with convergent boundaries in the same area.
False
True
32
What is the Sahara desert an example of what climate scale?
Micro
Macro
33
What is "return period" when it comes to flooding?
how long you can return your items that are damaged by floods
the frequency of flooding; how often it happens
the rate of time it takes for water to return to its normal levels
The time it takes to return property to normal after a flood
34
What are the properties of earths core?
hot, plastic like granite
Solid rock
Hot, flowing lava
hot, dense ball of iron
35
Which is
not
a hazard of hurricanes?
Hail Storm
High winds
Storm surge
Tornadoes
36
Air mass that occurs during winter that is damp and cool and creates warmer oceans than land
Maritime polar
Maritime tropical
Continental tropical
37
What is the world's largest aquifer?
The northwest Saharan aquifer
Ogallala aquifer
Artesian Basin
The Arabian Aquifer
38
Remote sensing and seismic waves have shown us what earths layers are made up of.
True
False
39
A river delta is at the mouth of a river where it meets the base level ocean or sea.
True
False
40
Which type of rock is formed by intense heat and pressure causing a change in shape and makeup?
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
41
Which of the following is true about tectonic plates?
they are the cause of climate change
they move as fast as plants grow
they are still moving to this day
they are no longer moving
42
What is base flow?
the flow at the base of a river
average discharge that serves as the baseline level for a stream
the rate of water flow at the base of a mountain
43
Anything larger than a 6 is considered a river. (when stream ordering)
False
True
44
What is groundwater supply
not
dependent on?
Permeability
Amount of precipitation
Rate of evaporation
The amount of sediment around it
45
What is
not
a way to remodel past climates?
oxygen -isotope ratios in coral
Tree Rings
Geologic evidence in water level of closed basin lakes
Pollen in ice caves and sea sediments
46
Why do earthquakes occur?
the magma chamber below surface erupts causing catastrophic shaking above
rocks fall in one area causing shaking in another
the friction between two plates moving past eachother releases energy
47
What happens when different air masses clash?
Results in a front where warm air is lifted above cooler air
Results in cold fronts where cold air is pushed under warm air
Results in snow
48
What is Geoengineering?
architecture that is outside in nature
intervention in the Earth's natural systems to counteract climate change
The design of transportation in mountains
Creating new ecosystems on Mars to allow for human habitation
49
Which has a higher infiltration capacity?
Deep soil, high vegetation, gentle slopes
Deep soil, no vegetation, flat land
Fine soil, low amounts of vegetation, steep slopes
50
What is an example of an external case of climate change?
Greenhouse gas effect
Water vapor feedback
Change in incoming solar radiation
Snow-albedo feedback
51
What is an aquifer?
the area of land that contributes water to a river system
a description of a material through which water cannot pass
A rock layer that is permeable to groundwater flow
the top surface of the saturated zone
52
What are the two different climate period types?
Humid and continental
Ice age and interglacial period
53
What month is the peak of hurricane season?
April
September
December
June
54
What is a drainage divide?
higher elevation ridges that separate where precipitation drains (Mountain)
Two sides of a river that are part of different states or countries
both sides of a creek or river system
55
What are the 4 atmospheric lifting mechanisms?
None of the above
Divergenal, convectional, graphical, frontal
Convectional, convergence, orographic, frontal
56
Which is
not
a natural climate change event?
Atmospheric particles
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations
Sun spots
volcanic eruptions
57
Which of the following does not occur on a hot spot?
Yellowstone
Hawaii
Andes Mountains
Iceland
58
What does urbanization do to flooding?
makes floods more likely due to more homes built on the water
makes floods stronger due to lack of a way to infiltrate pavement & trees
makes floods less likely due to man built structures
59
Which type of rock is formed when magma cools & solidifies?
Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic
60
Which of the following does
not
control precipitation?
Temperature and pressure patterns
Air mass types
Geographic Location
Orographic lift
61
Air mass that originates over oceans and is usually moist
Continental
Both
Maritime
62
What is the zone of saturation?
the water-filled layer below the Earth's surface
an area that water cannot flow through
a place where no water is stored
None of the above
63
The most powerful part of a hurricane is
The Rainbands
The Eye
The Eyewall
64
Who monitors climate change?
The CDC
The Government
The IPCC
greta thunberg
65
The San Andreas Fault is an example of what type of boundary?
divergent
transform
convergent
66
Stream discharge is calculated as: Q=w\cdot d\cdot v
True
False
67
A meandering river is where little to no erosion or deposition occurs.
True
False
68
What does the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Intensity scale measure?
The wind speed of the hurricane
The strength of the hurricane
The location of the hurricane
The damage of the hurricane
69
An engineered obstruction built across a river to control its flow and hold back a larger lake or reservoir is...
stream
river
lake
dam
70
Which thunderstorm phenomena is usually the deadliest in the US?
Flash flooding
Lightlining
Hail
Tornadoes
71
Where the first order streams join into the other first order streams, this becomes the second order of streams.
False
True
72
Which type of rock is formed by the accumulation of other eroded materials?
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous
73
Interception is the process of trees and vegetation absorbing rainwater and allowing it to drip slowly into the soil
False
True
74
What is the effect of groundwater depletion?
All of the above
Subsidence
Formation of cone of depression
Decreased source of drinking water
75
When do tornadoes tend to occur?
Between July-Aug
Between Jan-March
Between Sept-Nov
Between April-July
76
The crust and uppermost solid mantle make up the
Lithosphere
Atmosphere
Asthenosphere
Mantle
