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Memory and Problem-Solving
Memory and Problem-Solving
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1
Which of the following is NOT an example of shallow processing of a term you need to remember?
repeating the word aloud
adding meaning to the word
remembering the shape of the word
writing the term in capital letters
2
When I write, my somatic nervous system interacts with:
implicit memories
declarative memories
explicit memories
non-declarative memories
3
Who was in my English class last year? I don't remember because I can only think of my class from this year.
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
proactive interference
anterograde amnesia
4
If my teacher calls on me bc I'm not listening, I might be able to repeat the last thing she said bc it's still in my
explicit memory
sensory memory
long-term storage
echoic memory
5
Which brain regions are involved in episodic memory?
basil ganglia and frontal lobe
hippocampus and cerebellum
basil ganglia and cerebellum
hippocampus and frontal lobe
6
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
mnemonic memory
iconic memory
auditory perception
echoic memory
7
If I'm a witness to a crime, it is important that I do not hear the other witnesses accounts before mine is recorded bc
source amnesia
misinformation effect
primacy effect
repression
8
Researched language acquisition and found humans are wired to learn language
Noam Chomsky
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Elizabeth Loftus
Wolfgang Kohler
9
Researched insight (sudden realization of solutions- Aha!)
Elizabeth Loftus
Wolfgang Kohler
Noam Chomsky
Hermann Ebbinghaus
10
Which part of the brain helps encode highly emotional memories?
pituitary gland
medulla
occipital lobe
amygdala
11
retention independent of conscious recollection
implicit processing
explicit memory
implicit memory
non-declarative memory
12
Convergent thinking requires coming to one correct answer. Divergent thinking results in many different possibilities.
True
False
13
The movie I watched last night subtly affects how I perceive the world today.
serial position effect
mood/state congruent memory
context dependent memory
priming
14
I have done my own research on lizard people, and the articles I choose to read support my belief.
belief perseverence
overconfidence
mental set
confirmation bias
15
Which of the following is not automatically processed?
space (placement)
time (order of events)
frequency
events (episodes)
16
Rehearsal, semantics, retrieval cues, mnemonic devices, sleep, testing myself & decreasing interference can aid memory.
True
False
17
I do not trust the government, so I do not trust anything they say about lizard people.
confirmation bias
mental set
belief perseverence
overconfidence
18
The best way to study for a test is to...
space out your studying and test yourself to practice retrieval
stay up late quizzing yourself the night before
reread all of your notes the period before your test
studying is for fools- it's actually never effective
19
I remember the content best when I'm in the room I learned it in.
context dependent memory
mood/state congruent memory
priming
serial position effect
20
When I remember Edward Tolman's cognitive maps by connecting his name to maps (Toll roads), I'm adding
semantics
shallow processing
encoding
chunking
21
An example of an episodic memory is...
the memory of where you sat yesterday
the memory of your uncle giving you a gift
remembering to do your homework when you get home
the memory of how to ride a bike
22
The term created to help us better understand the active processing that takes place in the middle stage is
working memory
short term memory
long term memory
sensory memory
23
In my concept of political leaders, my prototype has mythical qualities that have helped them rise to power.
framing
representative heuristic
availability heuristic
intuition
24
encoding on a basic level based on structure or appearance of words
level 1 processing
spacing effect
shallow processing
deep processing
25
relatively permanent and limitless storage of the memory system. (knowledge/skills/experiences)
central executive
explicit memory
long-term memory
long-term storage
26
techniques that use imagery and organizational devices
processing strategy
chunking
mnemonics
innuendo
27
The capacity of long term memory is...
very high, but only lasts about 4 seconds or less
a workspace that combines sensory and long-term memory for processing
limitless and lasts from 30 seconds to life
brief (20-30 seconds) and about seven items
28
I distribute lizard flyers at the park, but the wind is blowing them away. Without a paperweight, I am doomed.
mnemonic device
intuition
framing
functional fixedness
29
No matter what disproves my belief in lizard people, I still know they're real.
overconfidence
belief perseverence
mental set
confirmation bias
30
Researched forgetting what we learned and relearning (syllables)
Elizabeth Loftus
Wolfgang Kohler
Noam Chomsky
Hermann Ebbinghaus
31
If I focus on information that is in my short term memory, I may be able to encode it into my
echoic memory
long-term memory
explicit memory
sensory memory
32
Remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY G BIV is an example of a
working memory
shallow processing
mnemonic device
iconic memory
33
I have an entire category of items in my mind that I would consider a "tool."
concept
algorithm
heuristics
prototype
34
Information processing models of memory are analogies that compare human memory to
a computer's operations
educational institutions
literary devices
business relationships
35
Expertise, imaginative thinking, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation and a creative personality are related to
problem solving
motivation
creativity
intelligence
36
My friend told me a joke and then I told it back to her 5 days later because I forgot it came from her.
source amnesia
primacy effect
misinformation effect
repression
37
Something traumatic happened to me, but I don't recall it at all.
primacy effect
repression
misinformation effect
source amnesia
38
Which of the following is NOT an example of effortful processing?
mnemonics
chunking
peg-word systems
repeating the word aloud
39
My intuition is better than everyone else's, and that's how I KNOW that Britney Spears is actually a lizard alien.
confirmation bias
mental set
belief perseverence
overconfidence
40
The capacity of short term memory is...
brief (20-30 seconds) and about seven items
a workspace that combines sensory and long-term memory for processing
very high, but only lasts about 4 seconds or less
limitless and lasts from 30 seconds to life
41
Which brain regions are involved in procedural memory?
hippocampus and cerebellum
basil ganglia and cerebellum
hippocampus and frontal lobe
basil ganglia and frontal lobe
42
I know how to drive, but I don't remember when I bought my car because of a brain injury.
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
proactive interference
retrograde amnesia
43
I can effectively and efficiently pay attention to two things at once (divided attention).
True
False
44
If I want to remember information for a long time, I will employ this type of processing...
semantic processing
encoding
shallow processing
deep processing
45
the processing of many aspects simultaneously
lateral processing
parallel processing
three-stage processing
coordinate processing
46
the process of getting information out of memory storage
renewal
removal
recovery
retrieval
47
A prospective memory is remembering to perform a planned task (to do list). This is TRUE.
False
True
48
I've never met a real celebrity, so I know that they don't really exist in this realm.
framing
representative heuristic
availability heuristic
intuition
49
The capacity of sensory memory is...
a workspace that combines sensory and long-term memory for processing
brief (20-30 seconds) and about seven items
limitless and lasts from 30 seconds to life
very high, but only lasts about 4 seconds or less
50
I know in my guts that at least 60% of celebrities are actually lizard people.
framing
availability heuristic
intuition
representative heuristic
51
When your teacher made this, she became obsessed w/ relating the questions to lizard people, & that hindered her speed.
framing
fixation
functional fixedness
intuition
52
the process of retaining encoded information over time
memory
long-term memory
retrieval
storage
53
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
effortful processing
attention processing
parallel processing
autonomic processing
54
the processing of info into the memory system
storage
parallel processing
retrieval
encoding
55
the persistence of learning over time through encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
automatic processing
long-term memory
parallel processing
memory
56
Recalling my trip to Greece is an example of
non-declarative memory
explicit memory
implicit memory
declarative memory
57
If I have a test on the periodic table, I will be accessing this type of memory during the exam:
non-declarative memory
implicit memory
explicit memory
declarative memory
58
encoding semantically, based on the meaning of words (tends to yield the best retention)
shallow processing
deep processing
encoding
semantic processing
59
short term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing
implicit memory
working memory
explicit memory
declarative memory
60
I feel sad about my IQ test, and it makes me remember when my dog died.
serial position effect
context dependent memory
priming
mood/state congruent memory
61
I remember the first and last slides of a lesson best
context dependent memory
mood/state congruent memory
priming
serial position effect
62
These are step by step procedures that end in the correct answer every time.
heuristics
prototype
concept
algorithm
63
Sensory memory and short term memory are the same.
False
True
64
unconscious encoding of incidental information
autonomic processing
automatic processing
effortful processing
parallel processing
65
Relating new terms to myself can help create long term encoding. This is called...
spacing effect
self-reference effect
testing effect
rehearsal
66
automatically organizing items into familiar, manageable units
memory division
sorting
chunking
separation
67
enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information
spacing effect
deep processing
testing effect
halftime on Space Mountain
68
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
short-term memory
echoic memory
visual perception
iconic memory
69
When I explain how many people are actually lizards, I first tell my audience that there is SO MUCH scientific proof.
availability heuristic
framing
intuition
representative heuristic
70
Which is in the correct order?
encode, retrieve, store
encode, store, retrieve
store, encode, retrieve
retrieve, encode, store
71
tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention
distribution effect
deep processing
spacing effect
shallow processing
72
the immediate, brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
explicit memory
short-term memory
working memory
sensory memory
73
Tying my shoe uses which type of memory?
declarative memory
non-declarative memory
implicit memory
explicit memory
74
Working memory is...
very high, but only lasts about 4 seconds or less
brief (20-30 seconds) and about seven items
limitless and lasts from 30 seconds to life
a "workspace" that combines sensory and long-term memory for processing
75
activated memory that holds a few items briefly
implicit memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
short-term storage
76
The biological basis of memory in which neural impulses strengthen after rehearsal...
metacognition
long term potentiation
physiology
flashbulb memory
77
A memory of an emotionally significant event that is enhanced by the amygdala...
long term potentiation
physiology
metacognition
flashbulb memory
78
I keep writing 2023 in January because I forget it's 2024.
proactive interference
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
79
memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know
declarative memory
working memory
explicit memory
implicit memory
80
My temporal lobe was damaged, and now my doctor has to keep introducing himself because I forget everytime.
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
proactive interference
anterograde amnesia
81
An example of a prospective memory is...
the memory of how to ride a bike
the memory of where you sat yesterday
the memory of your uncle giving you a gift
remembering to do your homework when you get home
82
A hammer is the best example (in my mind) of a "tool." I place it at the top spot of my conceptual hierarchy.
heuristics
concept
algorithm
prototype
83
Researched false memories
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Noam Chomsky
Wolfgang Kohler
Elizabeth Loftus
84
Making sure I understand a concept helps me deeply process material, and therefore aid encoding and storage.
False
True
85
These are shortcuts that help me make quick judgments, but they can lead to incorrect assumptions.
prototype
algorithm
heuristics
concept
86
Of everything on my list, I am most likely to remember the first items.
primacy effect
source amnesia
repression
misinformation effect
87
Retention of memories is measure through all but which of these? *You need to be able to describe each.
relearning
rehearsal
recall
recognition
88
Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes is called (thinking about thinking)...
metacognition
long term potentiation
flashbulb memory
physiology