Negative reinforcement involves...

the removal of an unpleasant stimulus

Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...

an partial reinforcement schedule

The function of sensory memory is to...

hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer

When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..

are using the availability heuristic

A perceptual set implies that...

people often see what they expect to see

The superego is Freud's term for...

the moral component of personality

how alternatives in a decision problem are presented

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...

personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level

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AP Psychology Semester 1 Review 2019-2020

84 termsStudBud Administration327 plays

A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 84

Answers

1
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
an achievement test
a personality test
an intelligence test
2
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
3
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
content validity
criterion-related validity
predictive validity
4
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
cochlea
stirrup
oval window
5
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
6
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
encoded
modeled
retrieved
7
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
G. Stanley Hall
8
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
print letters
sing a song
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
9
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
limbic system
endocrine system
reticular formation
10
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial storage
complete storage failure
complete retrieval failure
partial retrieval
11
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
escape learning
12
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
13
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
constancy
similiarity
closure
symmetry
14
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
platonic
phonemic
mnemonic
15
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thalamus
thyroid
gonads
pituitary
16
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
17
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
recall
relearning
reiteration
18
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
mean
mode
midpoint
19
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
tree-bird
boat-goat
fill-feed
car-nose
20
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
21
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
location of injury
thalamus
spinal cord
cortex
22
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
semantic network
script
schema
23
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
24
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
25
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
an partial reinforcement schedule
26
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
brightness
light purity
color
27
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
behavior
conscious experience
the brain
the unconscious
28
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold information for a lifetime
29
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
memory
the endocrine system
30
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a deceptive test
a behavior rating
a projective test
a self-report inventory
31
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
the gambler's fallacy
the conjunction fallacy
32
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
cookie
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
give cookie
33
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
34
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
irrational thoughts
the unconscious
the conscious
maladaptive behaviors
35
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
just noticeable difference
36
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
37
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
38
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
acetylcholine
serotonin
dopamine
endorphin
39
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
intelligence; standardized
standardized; intelligence
40
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
light
food/meat powder
salivation
41
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
conjunction heuristic
42
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
43
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
thalamus
pineal gland
44
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
smelling an odor
seeing a flash of light
hearing a sound
moving a part of his body
45
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
intermediate-term
sensory
short-term
46
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
repression
47
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
48
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
latent learning
insight learning
49
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
mechanical
logical-mathemathical
musical
50
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
psychological tests
physiological recordings
direct observation
51
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
consciousness
hypnosis
perception
52
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
53
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
a percentile score
IQ
a potential score
54
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
55
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
attention
sensation
processing
56
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
extinction
spontaneous remission
57
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
behavioral
cognitive
humanistic
58
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
thyroid gland
pancreas
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
59
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
shaping
60
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
brainstem
cerebellum
limbic system
61
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
cognition
mentalism
intelligence
62
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
63
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
iris
lens
cornea
64
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
creativity
intelligence
insight
65
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
functionalism
psychoanalysis
behaviorism
neodynamism
66
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
predictability
consistency
accuracy of inference
67
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
68
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
69
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
70
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
subliminal perception
71
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
smell buds
olfactory cilia
gustatory bulbs
72
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
reinforcement
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
73
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rat
fear reaction
loud noise
rabbit
74
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
syntax
morphemes
phonemes
linguistic heuristics
75
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
pitch
decibels
timbre
loudness
76
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
77
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
change
pressure
frustration
conflict
78
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
latency
oral
anal
79
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
agonists
antagonists
action potentials
80
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the experimental group
the control group
the correlational group
81
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
is consistent
has been standardized but not normed
82
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
83
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
percentiles
standard deviation
correlation coefficients
means
84
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters

AP Psychology Semester 1 Review 2019-2020 Flashcards | StudBud