F+H: Topic 2 - Childhood - NAMES

_ found that ideas of izzat (family honour) could be a restriction, particularly on the behaviour of girls.

Who found that girls do more domestic labour, especially in lone-parent families, where they do 5x more work than boys?

Unlike Postman, Opie argues that childhood is not disappearing, that there is evidence of the existence of kids culture

_ argues that childhood is "disappearing at a dazzling speed"

_: boys are more likely to be allowed to cross, cycle on roads, use buses, and go out after dark unaccompanied.

_: study of divorce found that children were actively involved in trying to make the situation better for everyone

_ argue that many of things that MoP writers see as care + protection are just new forms of oppresion and control.

_ Tikopia of western Pacific, doing as you're told is regarded as a concession to be granted, not a right expected

_ notes that the most important fature of the modern idea of childhood is separateness

_ study in Samoa found that 'too young' was never given as a reason for not permitting a child to undertake a task

Pollock argues that it is correct to say that in the MA, society simply had a different notion of childhood from today's

_ argues that children in simpler, non-industrial societies are treated differently from modern western counterparts

What does Wagg say?

_: "toxic childhood", argues that tech and cultural changes in the past has damaged kid's phy. emo. + intel. development

_ describes how rural Sudanese children roam freely both within the village and for several kilos outside it

_ sees how theories of child development that began to appear from the 19th century: kids need supervision + protection

_ study of 15-16 y.o's found that Asian parnts were more likely than other parents to be strict towards their daughters

_: a quarter of the 200 women in their study left their abusing partner because they feared for their children's lives.

_ uses the term 'age patriarchy' to describe inequalities between adults and children

_ argues that in the Middle Ages 'the idea of childhood did not exist', kids were not seen as having a different nature

_ calls an "adultist" viewpoint, it may see children as mere "socialisation projects" for adults to shape and develop

Jenks argues childhood is once again undergoing change as society moves from modernity to postmodernity

_: the "home habitat" of 8 y.o's has shrunk to 1/9 of the size it was 25 years earlier

_ does not believe childhood is disappearing, but he does believe it is changing

_ says the new approach aims to include the views and experiences of children themselves

De Mause: "The history of childhood is a nightmare from which we have only recently begun to awaken"

Who describes one strategy as 'acting up'

_ study in Bolivia, found that once kids are about 5, they're expected to take work responsibilities in the home/commune

_ Trobriand Islanders, found that adults took an attitude of 'tolerance and amused interest' for kid's sexual explorings

_ argues that high death rates encouraged indifference and neglect, especially towards infants.