Tourism Economics - 1st mid term test

Question 1

What are the key aspects of tourism products in the tourism "industry"?

Accepted Answer

Tourism products result from either natural resources or human effort, The production process involves both tourists and companies, Tourism products are goods/services produced/offered in tourism industries

Question 2

How does the government foster quality development in sectors like tourism?

Accepted Answer

By investing to activate qualitative development potential, By investing to exploit differential advantages

Question 3

What factors influence tourist behavior according to key concepts in marketing and tourism science?

Accepted Answer

Motivation as a significant factor in marketing decisions like segmentation, Complexity of travel decision-making process, including impulsive buying, Influence of personal values on choices between different tourism

Question 4

Which of the following are recognized as fundamental economic functions of tourism? - PART 3/3

Accepted Answer

Acceleration function, Redistribution of income and capital, Integration function

Question 5

What is the purpose of satellite accounts in the System of National Accounts (SNA)?

Accepted Answer

To provide detailed information on specific aspects (e.g. health, tourism)

Question 6

Which of the following are recognized as fundamental economic functions of tourism? - PART 1

Accepted Answer

Employment function, Multiplicative function, Inductive function

Question 7

In global tourism, what are the two recognized types of relationships based on their core characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Non-material relationships focused on social and cultural aspects, Material relationships centered on economic interactions

Question 8

In tourism supply, what non-price factors can affect the supply curve according to standard economic theory?

Accepted Answer

The number of sellers, The price of inputs and other products, The level of technology, Profit expectations and future prices

Question 9

What distinguishes the Open/Competitive Market model from the Government Intervention model in tourism development?

Accepted Answer

Open/Competitive model relies on market forces, Government Intervention model focuses on exports

Question 10

What is the role of the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) in relation to the System of National Accounts (SNA)?

Accepted Answer

To highlight tourism products and activities within the national economy

Question 11

What constitutes the total economic impact of tourist spending?

Accepted Answer

Indirect effects including costs in forming tourist services, Direct effects in sectors like hospitality and transportation, Induced effects from increased local purchasing power

Question 12

What is the role of entrepreneurship in the tourism and hospitality (T&H) sectors?

Accepted Answer

Entrepreneurship is crucial in income generation, In T&H sectors, the nature of operations is fragmented and diverse

Question 13

What factors influence the price elasticity of supply for a tourism product?

Accepted Answer

Sensitivity of supply costs to changes in quantity supplied, Existence of spare capacity, Firm's ability to maintain inventories

Question 14

Which of the following are recognized as fundamental economic functions of tourism? - PART 2/3

Accepted Answer

Absorption function, Balance of payments function, Promotion of international trade in goods

Question 15

Which of the following are considered relatively fixed costs in the tourism industry?

Accepted Answer

Seasonal worker salaries, Routine maintenance costs, Utilities like energy, water, and fuel

Question 16

What were the reasons for the relatively late emergence of macroeconomic analysis in tourism?

Accepted Answer

Early views of tourism as a non-productive, purely consumptive activity, Variety of products in tourism not fitting traditional analytical models, The rise of large tour operators and mass tourist demand in the late 1960s

Question 17

How does tourism's conversion function impact economic resources in a region?

Accepted Answer

Price differentiation based on 'added value' like room views, Transforming non-economic resources into economically impactful ones

Question 18

In the context of tourism consumption products, how are they categorized according to criteria mentioned in IRTS 2008?

Accepted Answer

Tourism characteristic products, Non-tourism-related consumption products, Tourism connected products

Question 19

Which of the following are examples of tourism characteristic products?

Accepted Answer

Food and beverage serving services, Passenger transport services, Travel agencies and other reservation services, Accommodation services for visitors

Question 20

What are the key elements included in the System of National Accounts (SNA) for measuring a country's economic activity?

Accepted Answer

Accounts of production, income, expenditure, and capital, Institutional units and sectors, Input-output framework

Question 21

How is a balance of interests among various (tourism) market participants achieved according to economic theory?

Accepted Answer

Through market equilibrium, balancing interests via the market mechanism

Question 22

What characterizes the zone of optimal employment in seasonal hospitality?

Accepted Answer

It aligns with the standard business season, It typically lasts 4-6 months (120-180 days)

Question 23

What are the three areas of focus in contemporary economic literature regarding tourism and its impact on development?

Accepted Answer

Analysis of whether tourism creates added value, Tourism's significance for economic development, Tourist consumption's impact on regional and national economies

Question 24

Which are the three potential (framework) models for tourism development?

Accepted Answer

Tourism model based on state subsidies, Open/Competitive Market tourism model, Closed economy tourism model

Question 25

What are the key characteristics or specifics of the tourism market?

Accepted Answer

Tourist demand travels to the location of tourism supply, Tourism demand communicates with supply dominantly through intermediaries, Tourism supply and demand are typically separated, creating a static market

Question 26

Which factor determines optimal share of tourism sector in country's economic structure at various development levels?

Accepted Answer

The specific development model or concept adopted

Question 27

What are the recognized methods for quantifying the effects of tourism on development?

Accepted Answer

Cost-benefit methods, Functional analysis, Descriptive methods

Question 28

What is significance of classifying products and activities in tourism measurement and analysis from supply perspective?

Accepted Answer

It shows the distribution of benefits across different sectors, It reveals the industries that directly benefit from tourism demand, It helps identify main types of commodities/services purchased by visitors

Question 29

How is tourism studied as an economic relationship in different spheres?

Accepted Answer

In the exchange domain, focusing on market dynamics like supply and demand, In the distribution sphere, as a mechanism for income redistribution, In the consumption sphere, both as a category of final consumption

Question 30

Which of the following statements reflect the evolution of contemporary theories of tourism development over decades?

Accepted Answer

1950s: Focus on the developmental phases and multiplier effects of spending, 1970s: Introduction of the concept of ourist product in marketing theory, 1980s: Increased involvement of other disciplines in tourism (eg. planning)

Question 31

What factors determine the share of the tourism sector in a country's economic structure?

Accepted Answer

Production relationships and the level of economic development

Question 32

What are key concepts that influence tourist behavior according to research in marketing and tourism?

Accepted Answer

Self-concept's impact on destination choice and travel intention, Perception, especially regarding safety, crime, and health risks, Formation of expectations based on experiences, sources and motivation

Question 33

What issue can arise with public goods in tourism due to their non-excludable nature?

Accepted Answer

"Free riding," where individuals access these goods freely without paying

Question 34

What is the impact of technological advancements on the tourism and hospitality sectors?

Accepted Answer

Labor-extensive technical progress influences development in tourism, New technologies face implementation challenges in tourism and hospitality, Technological advancements increase factor productivity

Question 35

What factors determine the market structure in tourism?

Accepted Answer

Degree of vertical and horizontal integration, Number of sellers and buyers in the market, Information about market conditions including prices andtechnology

Question 36

How do production possibilities and consumer choice in the tourism market relate to economic development?

Accepted Answer

Production in tourism is constrained by overall development levels, Tourism-consumer choices are limited by the economic offerings of region

Question 37

What are examples of absolutely fixed costs in the tourism industries?

Accepted Answer

Investment maintenance, Salaries of permanent employees, depreciation, and loan interest

Question 38

Why do small economies like Croatia prioritize tourism as a development strategy?

Accepted Answer

To restructure exports qualitatively, To absorb surplus labor from primary/secondary sectors, To utilize all export options, leading to heightened tourism development

Question 39

How is tourism characterized in economic terms according to Čavlek, Prebežac, Bartoluci, Kesar et al. (2011)?

Accepted Answer

As a complex economic subsystem with diverse economic branches

Question 40

How are supply and demand structured in the market for tourism goods?

Accepted Answer

Demand is determined by both domestic and foreign consumers, Supply includes domestic entities and foreign imports

Question 41

How are production entities in tourism grouped and classified based on characteristics of their products and services?

Accepted Answer

Vertical grouping by stages of production or degree of completion, Horizontal grouping by the type of need satisfied, such as accommodation

Question 42

In the context of tourism, which market structures are most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Monopolistic competition, Oligopoly

Question 43

Which of the following are examples of tourism characteristic activities?

Accepted Answer

Country-specific tourism characteristic activities, Cultural activities, Sports and recreational activities

Question 44

How are growth and development differentiated in economic terms?

Accepted Answer

Development encompasses both quantitative and qualitative changes, Growth refers to changes in quantitative indicators like GDP and employment

Question 45

How is a tourist good defined in economic tourism theory?

Accepted Answer

As a consumable item addressing tourist needs, As a resource that includes natural and heritage-based elements, As a product resulting from tourism-related activities

Question 46

What is "differential rent" in the context of superior tourism locations?

Accepted Answer

The surplus profit generated by superior locations

Question 47

How does market structure influence the tourism industries?

Accepted Answer

It shapes motivations, opportunities, and decisions of market participants

Question 48

What distinguishes private and public goods in tourism?

Accepted Answer

Public goods might include public beaches, national parks, heritage sites, Public goods require government funding, Private goods are owned by individuals, private entities, or corporations

Question 49

According to economic literature, what aspects of tourism are particularly emphasized?

Accepted Answer

Tourism's role in balancing economies (wealth emitive vs. poorer receptive), The significance of tourism in increasing public revenue, The flow of funds in international tourism trade

Question 50

What are key components used in Positivist and Normative approaches to researching economic relationships of tourism?

Accepted Answer

Theoretical models, variables, parameters, and assumptions

Tourism Economics - 1st mid term test

Questions 50

Tourism Economics - 1st mid term test

Questions 50