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Exam 2 Flashcards | StudBud
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Exam 2
Exam 2
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1
Which of the following are Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI)?
Famotidine
Esomeprazole
Omeprazole
Lansoprazole
2
There is added benefit of using DEET that's higher than 50%
True
False
3
What are the 2 types of treatment for diaper derm?
Skin Protectants (Aluminum hydroxide, Zinc oxide, Calamine)
Benzocaine
Bacitracin
White petrolatum
4
What is a referral for heartburn?
Daily heartburn more than 2 weeks
Occurring more than 3 times a month
Difficulty swallowing solid foods, hoarseness, wheezing
Followed with continuous N/V or diarrhea
5
What is true of anti-pruritics?
Safe for all populations
Calamine leaves pink film on skin
Can use even if concern for bacterial infection
Well tolerated (no side effects expected)
6
Which of these are referral criteria for burns?
Patients with uncontrolled diabetes
Burns that involve areas of body that are concerns for scarring
Burns for more than 20% of body
Chemical, electrical or inhalation burns
7
What is the referral criteria for sunburns?
Less than 6 months of age
There are no referral criteria for sunburns
Allergy to sun protectant ingredients
If sunburn is more than 20% of BSA
8
Which of the following are corticosteroids?
Zinc Oxide
Lidocaine
Camphor
Hydrocortisone
9
What is the onset of action of H2RAs and duration?
30-60 mins and 4-10 hours duration
15-30 mins and 3-6 hours duration
30-60 mins and 2 hour duration
20-60 mins and 3 hour duration
10
Which of the following are antacids?
Famotidine
Calcium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate
Bismuth subsalicylate
11
What percent of astringent solutions are considered to be most effective?
10-15%
More than 30%
5-10%
20-30%
12
Which of these are patients usually allergic to?
Hydrogen peroxide
Bacitracin
Polymyxin
Neomycin
13
The pH of the skin is slightly acidic and the stool would cause it to be more basic and causing diaper dermatitis
True
False
14
Benzocaine/Lidocaine, Paroxine, and phenol work by local reversible blockade of conduction of nerve impulses
True
False
15
What percent of UVB rays does SPF 15 and 30 block?
85.8%, 95.6%
90.8%, 96.8%
83.8%, 94.8%
93%, 96.7%
16
How does obesity play a role in heartburn?
It irritates the esophageal mucosa
It increases the intra-abdominal pressure
It relaxes the LES pressure
It increases pain perception
17
How do skin protectants work?
Bacteriostatic
Softens and moisturizes stratum corneum and protects from irritation
Coats skin with hydrophobic film
Repels water, soothes/counteracts irritation
18
What is true of topical diphenhydramine?
Over too large an area can cause systemic absorption
Relief is temporary
Rare photosensitivity, hypersensitivity reactions and contact dermatitis
Topical is safe in pregnancy and lactation
19
What is the MOA of benzocaine/lidocaine?
Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 centrally and peripherally to reduce PGE synthesis
Reversible blockade of conduction of nerve impulses
Irreversibly binds to the ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis
Disinfect wound against all microorganisms
20
We can use Talc and cornstarch for prickly heat and diaper derm
False
True
21
The MOA of astringent is it decreases edema, exudation, and inflammation by reducing cell membrane permeability
False
True
22
Urshiol removal prevents/reduces ACD reaction after exposure
False
True
23
PPIs MOA is decreasing gastric acid secretion by inhibiting hydrogen potassium ATPase
False
True
24
When should patients take PPIs?
Right before eating
30-60 mins before meal and preferable breakfast
Several hours before
After a meal
25
What is true of benzocaine/lidocaine, paroxine and phenol?
Can use in children less than 2
Comes in creams, ointments, aerols and lotions
Used for itching, pain/skin irritation, from insect bites/stings
Only local absorption
26
Counsel patients to apply sunscreen before DEET
True
False
27
Which of these descriptions of spider bites is (are) correct?
Black widow causes muscle spasms
Hobo spider present with moderate to severe, slow-healing wound
Brown recluse result in local reaction with itching and erythema
All of the above
28
What are astringents used for?
Softens skin and removes crusting
Urushiol exposure ACD/insect bites/stings
Decrease weeping, oozing, discharge, or bleeding
All of the above
29
How does DEET work? (The MOA)
Releases vapors that discourage the approach of insects and also kills them
Depresses cutaneous receptors at concentrations <3%
Compete with histamine at central and peripheral H1 receptors
Releases vapors that discourage the approach of insects
30
Are corticosteroids safe for pregancy and lactation?
Safe in both
Idk
Safe for pregnancy but not lactation
Not safe for pregnancy but safe for lactation
31
How does topical diphenhydramine (Benadryl) work?
Compete with histamine at central and peripheral H1 receptors
Depresses cutaneous receptors at low concentrations
Depresses cutaneous histamine receptors
Decreases edema and inflammation
32
Corticosteroid treat mild-moderate inflammation and puritis associated with ICD, ACD, bites and stings
True
False
33
Aloe vera, Honey, silver gel, liquid bandage and wound dressings are all used to heal minor burns, wounds and sunbruns
True
False
34
How long can we use astringents?
3-4 days
1 week max for tinea pedis and up to 2 weeks for ACD
5-6 days
Can be used long term
35
Bismuth subsalicylate is safe in pregnancy and lactation
False
True
36
What are some side effects of hydrogen peroxide?
Pain in wound
Can cause tissue damange if coming in contact with open wound
Dry out wound
Thyroid dysfunction
37
We can't cook alpha-galactosidase
False
True
38
Onset of antacids are 5 minutes and duration is only 3 hours
True
False
39
Cimetidine is the recommended H2RA
True
False
40
Astringents are safe for pregnancy and lactation.
False
True
41
What age is bacitracin, polymyxin, and neomycin recommended for and how many days until referral?
6+, 7 days
2+, 7 days
3+, 14 days
12+, 14 days
42
What percent of DEET is needed for all bugs? What percent for ticks?
More than 10%, More than 20%
More than 20% for both
At least 7%
More than 20% and more than 30% for ticks
43
Physical sunscreens reflect and scatter all UV rays
False
True
44
How many times per week of heartburn symptoms have to occur in order to be considered for GERD?
2
3
5
4
45
Which of the following are physical sunscreens?
Titanium Dioxide
Salicylic acid derivatives
Zinc Oxide
Cinnamates
46
Probiotics should be separated from antibiotics by at least 2 hours
True
False
47
What is the side effect of Mg and Ca/Al?
Diarrhea, Constipation
Renal impairment if used long term
Constipation, Diarrhea
Black hairy tongue
48
What is the MOA of H2RA?
Decrease fasting and food stimulated gastric acid secretion
Decrease gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the hydrogen potassium ATPase
Reduce the surface tension of gas bubbles
Neutralize gastric acid
49
What is true about corticosteroids?
May need to apply 3-4 times a day
Low risk of systemic absorption
Many dosage forms
Can be used up to 14 days
50
What is true of Citronella?
May cause less skin irritation than DEET and have a better odor
Cost is usually higher than DEET
Equally effective as DEET
Avoid “pure” oil of lemon in eucalyptus
51
Which of the following are anti-pruritics?
Benzocaine, Lidocaine, Phenol
Colloidal oatmeal, Calamine lotion, Zine oxide, Titanium dioxide
Hydrocortisone
Topical benadryl
52
What is Lubriderm, Hydrocortisone, Colloidal Oatmeal, Talc and cornstarch used for?
Burns
ICD and ACD
Prickly Heat
Diaper Derm
53
What is the onset of action for PPIs?
12-24 hours
2-3 hours
4 days
15-30 mins
54
What is the MOA of Bismuth?
Decrease gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the hydrogen potassium ATPase
Topical effect on stomach mucosa
Reacts with NaBicarb in saliva to form a viscous layer of sodium alginate
Decrease fasting and food-stimulated gastric acid secretion
55
Which of these bind to ribosomal subunit 30S inhibiting protein synthesis in gram negative bacteria?
Neomycin
Bacitracin
Hydrogen peroxide
Polymyxin B
56
Which of the following are referral criteria for prickly heat?
High fever without sweating
Lesions present for more than 7 days
Comorbid conditions (HIV, organ transplant, immune suppressive)
Presence of constitutional symptoms (fever, diarrhea, N/V)
57
Can we us camphorated phenol on open wounds and why?
No, because can cause skin sloughing and necrosis
No, because it cause skin hypersensitivity
Yes because it is safe for all wounds
No, because risk of systemic absorption increases with bandaging
58
How do antiflatulant medications work?
Breaks down lactose into the monosaccharides
Decreasing gastic acid secretion by inhibiting hydrogen potassium ATPase
Recolonizes intestinal flora with good bacteria
Reducing surface tension of gas bubbles that are in the GI tract
59
Which of these are for gram positive bacteria?
Hydrogen peroxide
Neomycin
Polymyxin B
Bacitracin
60
Which of these are referral for ICD and ACD?
More than 20% of skin surface
Signs of infection
Lasting longer than 2 weeks
nvolvement of the eyes, eyelids, mucus membranes and genitals
61
What are some non-pharm options for heartburn/GERD and dyspepsia?
Weight Loss
Avoid eating 2-3 hours before bedtime
A Mediterranean diet (high intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains)
Raising the head of the bed 6-8 inches or elevate the torso
62
What's the MOA of Citronella?
Releases vapors that discourage the approach of insects and kills them
Releases vapors that discourage the approach of insects
Depresses cutaneous receptors at concentrations <3%
Compete with histamine at central and peripheral H1 receptors
63
What are examples of urshiol removal products?
Teenu
Dial/Dawn diswashing soap
DEET
Goop grease remover
64
Is benzocaine/Lidocaine is safe in pregnancy, lactation, geriatrics, and children over 2?
Safe in pregnancy and lactation
Only in pregnancy
Safe in everyone above 2
Safe in those over 6
65
How is prickly heat defined?
Transient inflammation that appears as a very fine pinpoint red rash
Acute inflammation of the skin in the region of the perineum, butt and abs
Wounds or injuries that cause a break in the skin
A cactus infection
66
H2RAs are safe only in lactation not pregnancy
False
True
67
What is the MOA of Talc and cornstarch?
Talc acts as lubricant when applied dry, cornstarch absorbs excess fluid
Soothes skin while maintaining skin moisture and texture
It's an antipruritic and soothing
It acts as an anti-inflammatory
68
How does calamine work?
Acts as astringent to absorb fluids from oozing vesicles
Causes vasoconstriction and reduce blood flow to inflammed tissue
Works as mild astringent with weak antiseptic properties
69
How long do digestive enzymes work?
2 hours
30-45 mins
15-30 mins
30-60 mins
70
Which of these are chemical sunscreeen?
Zinc Oxide
Cinnamates
Benzophones
Aminobenzoic acid
71
Which of the following is (are) referral for bites and stings?
History of tick bite with attachment for a prolonged period (3-7 days)
Less than 6 years of age
Suspected spider bite
Symptoms that last more than 7 days of treatment
72
Which of these chemical sunscreens is a major sensitizer to allergic reaction?
Aminobenzoic acid
Dibenzoylmethane
Zinc Oxide
Cinnamates
73
Advise patients to apply chemical sunscreens 15-30 mins before, reapply 40-80 mins if swimming or 2 hours.
False
True
74
What is the MOA of silver gel?
Inhibits only gram-positive bacteria
Inhibits growth of both gram-positive and negative bacteria
Delivers a moist, wound-healing environment
Inhibits only gram-negative bacteria
75
What is a contraindication for honey on burns?
Not safe for pregnancy or kids
Can worsen open wounds
Can be expensive
Use on third degree burns or to control heavy bleeding
76
H2RAs can be used for treatment and prevention
False
True
77
What is/are the possible side effects of Talc and cornstarch?
Risk of infection if applied to broken or oozing skin
Skin irriation
Slippery when used in bathtub
Powder can cause respiratory injury and possible severe respiratory disease
78
Are digestive enzymes used for prevention or treatment of gas?
Prevention only
Treatment only
Both
79
What is the MOA of corticosteroids?
Astringent
Analgesic/Anti-pruritic
Antihistamine
Anti-inflammatory: Low potency corticosteroid
80
What is Bacitracin, polymyxin B and neomycin used for?
To treat pain from burns
To prevent skin from drying
Prevent infection in minor burns, cuts, wounds, and scrapes
To heal or soothe burns
81
Which of these are considered "first line treatment of prickly heat?"
Talc and cornstarch
Hydrocortisone
Lubriderm
Colloidal oatmeal
82
What percent of DEET is for children 12 and under?
At least 50%
Less than 50%
Less than 30%
More than 30%
83
Phenol is compatible topically with pregnancy and lactation
False
True
84
What are some side effects of PPIs?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Fractures
Clostridium difficile and pneumonia
Mg deficiency
