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Biology EOC Review 2 Flashcards | StudBud
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Biology EOC Review 2
Biology EOC Review 2
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#biology #TEXAS #eoc #highschool
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1
__________ is a theory that describes how living things have changed over time.
Evolution
Gene theory
Endosymbiotic theory
Cell theory
2
Which cell transport requires no energy & moves particles from high to low concentration?
active transport
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
slow diffusion
3
Why is a male unable to be a carrier for an x-linked gene?
Males have two X chromosomes
Females have two X chromosomes
Females have an X and Y chromosome
Males have an X and Y chromosome
4
What is the function of the ribosome?
control center of the cell; contains the genetic information
where proteins are made (protein synthesis)
creates sugar
packages, modifies, and ships molecules
5
What happens during
translation
?
RNA is transcribed into DNA
DNA is transcribed into an RNA message.
Protein is made when ribosomes read the RNA message
Protein is made when ribosomes read the DNA message
6
Which structure is similar in shape, but has a different function between related organisms?
vestigial structure
analogous structures
homologous structures
7
DNA is made of nucleotides. Which of the following is
NOT
part of a nucleotide?
nitrogen base
phosphate group
sugar
lipid
8
The process which organisms maintain a stable internal envriorment
osmosis
homeostasis
equilibrium
transport
9
Leaves are part of a plant's shoot system. The xylem tissue in leaves transports-
wax required to coat the surface of actively growing tissue
the bacteria needed for N2 fixation in root nodules
the O2 that regulates the rate of carbohydrate production
the H2O & minerals that are absorbed by roots
10
During what phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
metaphase II
prophase I
prophase II
telophase I
11
What describes multiple groups of species living in the same area at the same time?
Community
Ecosystem
Organism
Population
12
What two
high energy molecules
are made during photosynthesis?
Sugar and ATP
ATP and Oxygen
NADPH and ATP
Sugar and Oxygen
13
What is another name for organisms (such as
plants
) that are able to make their own food?
consumers
heterotrophs
prey
autotrophs
14
What type of symbiosis involves one organism gaining and the other is completely neutral?
parasitism
predation
competition
commensalism
15
What is the function of the nucleus?
makes and transports proteins
creates sugar
packages, modifies, and ships molecules
control center of the cell; contains the genetic information
16
The ____ are the genes of an organism, while the ____ are the physical traits expressed.
dominant; recessive
phenotype; genotype
allele; gene
genotype; phenotype
17
What is the function of the mitochondria?
creates sugars
creates energy (ATP)
creates proteins
transports proteins
18
What is the
monomer
of a
nucleic acid
?
amino acid
nucleotide
monosaccharide
triglyceride
19
What type of growth has no limits and never stops increasing?
logistic growth
sigmoid growth curve
exponential growth
20
What type of organism only eats other animals?
omnivore
carnivore
herbivore
21
What is another name for organisms (such as
animals
) that must eat to get food?
ecology
autotrophs
producers
heterotrophs
22
Which is NOT a function of the cell membrane?
protects the cell
helps cells recognize each other
helps make proteins
allows molecules into and out of the cell
23
What type of growth is effected by limiting factors and shows fluctuations?
logistic growth
exponential growth
sigmoid growth curve
24
What type of cell would an organism like bacteria be?
prokaryote
animal cell
plant cell
eukaryote
25
Examples of nucleic acids include
Proteins
Fats and Oils
RNA and DNA
Sugars and Starches
26
What type of transport is considered the diffusion of water?
active transport
diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
27
Which are attached to the rough ER?
vacuoles
ribosomes
vesicles
lysosomes
28
What describes a group of organisms of the same species living in the same place and time?
Population
Organism
Ecosystem
Community
29
What type of symbiotic relationship involves two organisms fighting over the same resource?
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism
competition
30
A functionless structure in a present day organism that once had a function for an ancestor is
a vestigial structure
an analogous structure
a homologous structure
31
What is the most complex type of cell?
bacteria
prokaryote
eukaryote
mitochondrion
32
What is an example
abiotic factor
that affects this ecosystem?
insects
sunlight
fungi
bacteria
33
Evidence for evolution includes which of the following?
homologous structures/fossil record
more than one answer is true
biomolecules (such as Cytochrome c and DNA)
embryology
34
Protein synthesis has two steps: transcription and translation. Where does
translation
occur.
cytoplasm at the ribosome
mitochondria
chloroplast
nucleus
35
Sugars, and starches are examples of what type of macromolecules?
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
lipids
protein
36
What type of dominance results in an intermediate phenotype that shows both phenotypes?
sex-linked
codominance
incomplete dominance
dominant
37
Waxes, cholesterols, and fats are all examples of what kind of biomolecules?
lipids
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids
38
Bacteria and yeast undergo this type of anaerobic respiration.
krebs cycle
photosynthesis
electron transport chain
fermentation
39
Identify the levels of classification in order starting from the largest.
Kingdom, Order, Family, Phylum, Class, Genus, Species
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Kingdom, Phylum, Family, Genus, Class, Order, Species
Kingdom, Genus, Species Phylum, Family, Class, Order
40
If a person on a pedigree is affected by a specific trait, how is the shape changed?
Their shape is changed from a circle to a square.
A slash is placed above their shape.
Their shape is shaded in.
Their shape is changed from a square to a circle.
41
A horse has 60 chromosomes in its body cells. How many chromosomes does it have in its gametes?
60
30
15
45
42
A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely be transferred to --
the mating partner of the organism
the other organisms living nearby
the offspring of the organism
the siblings of the organism
43
What is the term for the following definition: alternate/different forms of a trait or gene.
heterozygous
dominant
recessive
allele
44
In a pedigree, males are ____ while females are ____.
circles; triangles
squares; circles
circles; squares
triangles; squares
45
What element is found in
all
organic compounds?
nitrogen
phosphorous
carbon
sulphur
46
What are the
products
of cellular respiration?
ATP and carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
glucose and carbon dioxide
glucose and oxygen
47
What organelle controls Calcium levels, makes lipids, and transports items throughout the cell?
rough ER
lysosome
chloroplast
smooth ER
48
What type of mutation only changes one base at one location along the DNA/RNA strand?
silent mutation
point mutation
frameshift mutation
deletion mutation
49
What is an
INDEPENDENT
variable?
Factors that respond to the independent variable
Factors in an experiment that remain the same
Factors in an experiment changed by the experimenter
50
Which of the following statements is an example of a good hypothesis?
Pepsi is better than Coke.
Water is good for plants.
Will fertilizer make my grass grow faster?
If lights are on, then I will take longer to fall asleep.
51
What type of cells are created at the end of meiosis?
skin cells
gametes (sperm and eggs)
two identical daughter cells
none of the above
52
A red blood cell is placed in solution and it shrivels and shrinks. This solution must be:
isotonic
hypotonic
hypertonic
hyperactive
53
What type of symbiotic relationship involves both organisms benefitting?
parasitism
mutualism
commensalism
predation
54
Which is NOT an example of active transportation?
exocytosis
osmosis
plants taking in nutrients from the soil
endocytosis
55
What are the
reactants
of cellular respiration?
glucose and carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
glucose and oxygen
ATP and carbon dioxide
56
During what part of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
S
Interphase
G1
G2
57
Who is the father of genetics?
Mendel
Franklin
Leeuwenhoek
Darwin
58
What is the function of the chloroplast?
packages, modifies, and ships molecules
site of photosynthesis; makes sugar for the cell
creates proteins
site of cell respiration; makes energy (ATP) for the cell
59
Which concept is represented in the diagram?
Extinction
Dynamic equilibrium
Succession
Natural Selection
60
What type of symbiosis involves one organism stealing the nutrients but not killing its host?
predation
parasitism
commensalism
mutualism
61
What are the
products
of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and oxygen
water and oxygen
carbon dioxide and water
oxygen and glucose
62
What type of mutation inserts/deletes a base & changes the DNA sequence from that point on?
point mutation
frameshift mutation
silent mutation
deletion mutation
63
What is the common ending of all enzyme names?
-ose
-ase
-ice
-uce
64
What scientist is the father of evolution?
James Watson
Antonie Leeuwenhoek
Gregor Mendel
Charles Darwin
65
What is a sex-linked gene?
a gene present only on x chromosomes.
a gene present only on y chromosomes.
a gene present on any chromosome
66
What type of cell transport requires energy?
active transport
facilitated diffusion
slow diffusion
diffusion
67
Protein synthesis has two steps: transcription and translation. Where does
transcription
occur.
cytoplasm at the ribosome
mitochondria
chloroplast
nucleus
68
What organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down old dead cell parts?
lysosome
nucleus
rough ER
golgi body
69
What is the end result of meiosis?
two identical daughter cells
two daughter cells with half the DNA as the parent cell
four genetically unique cells
two daughter cells with double the DNA as the parent cell
70
Name the levels of structural organization in order starting with the cell.
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Cell, organ, tissue, organism, organ system
Cell, tissue, organ, organism, organ system
Cell, organ system, tissue, organ, organism
71
What happens during
transcription
?
DNA is transcribed into an RNA message.
Protein is made when ribosomes read the RNA message
Protein is made when ribosomes read the DNA message
RNA is transcribed into DNA
72
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?
Living things' internal environment stays constant
Living things are made of cells
Living things reproduce
Living things use energy
73
What kind of biomolecule are enzymes?
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
74
What two levels of classification do we use in scientific naming?
Kingdom and Phylum
Family and Genus
Order and Family
Genus and Species
75
Where does Cellular Respiration occur?
chloroplast
mitochondria
golgi body
nucleus
76
What type of symbiotic relationship involves one organism killing and consuming another?
mutualism
predation
commensalism
parasitism
77
A red blood cell is placed in solution and swells then bursts. This solution must be:
hypertonic
isotonic
hypotonic
hyperactive
78
What trophic level has the most biomass?
autotrophs
secondary consumers
tertiary consumers
primary consumers
79
What is the end result of mitosis?
two identical daughter cells
two daughter cells with double the DNA as the parent cell
two genetically unique cells
two daughter cells with half the DNA as the parent cell
80
What do the arrows show in a food web?
consumers
energy flow
producers
81
How are carriers of genes represented on a pedigree?
Circles
Partially Shaded
Completely shaded
Squares
82
Which is responsible for the origin of
new
alleles in a population?
genes
mutations
alleles
magic
83
A red blood cell is placed in solution and it doesn't swell or shrink. This solution must be:
hypotonic
isotonic
hyperactive
hypertonic
84
What is the
monomer
of a
carbohydrate
?
triglyceride
nucleotide
monosaccharide
amino acid
85
What describes all the biotic & abiotic factors interacting in the same area at the same time?
Organism
Ecosystem
Community
Population
86
What is the
monomer
of a
protein
?
triglyceride
monosaccharide
nucleotide
amino acid
87
Which of the following is a difference
between
DNA and RNA?
They both have the same nitrogen bases
DNA has thymine but RNA has uracil
They are both double stranded
DNA has adenine and RNA has uracil
88
What organelle stores a plant’s food, water, and waste?
mitochondria
vacuole
centriole
smooth ER
89
What is the longest stage of the cell cycle?
Interphase
G1
G2
S
90
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
oxygen and glucose
water and oxygen
carbon dioxide and oxygen
91
What process causes the genetic variation among the cells during meiosis?
crossing over
metaphase
haploid
homologous chromosomes
92
What are the 3 most common elements found in living things?
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen
93
What is the term for the # of individuals an environment can support for a long period of time?
exponential growth
carrying capacity
logistic growth
94
What is an example
biotic factor
that affects this ecosystem?
temperature (heat)
fungi
sunlight
water
95
DNA has four bases. What is the correct way the bases bond?
adenine-thymine; guanine-cytosine
adenine-guanine; cytosine-thymine
uracil-adenine; guanine-cytosine
adenine-cytosine; guanine-thymine
96
Name the levels of ecological organization in order starting with organism.
Organism-Population-Community-Ecosystem-Biosphere
Organism-Community-Ecosystem-Population-Biosphere
Organism-Community-Population-Ecosystem-Biosphere
Organism-Ecosystem-Community-Population-Biosphere
