A key criticism of biological reductionism is that it does not….

Recognize social influences on cognition

What is one strength of fMRI technology?

It allows study of deep brain structures like the hippocampus

Why is fMRI limited in spatial resolution?

Voxel size ranges from 1–5 mm, limiting neuron-level detail

What does biological reductionism refer to in psychology?

Explaining complex behaviors in terms of biological factors

How does Sharot’s study support the idea of biological influence on memory?

It shows heightened amygdala activity during emotional recall

What was the main aim of Sharot et al. (2007)?

To examine flashbulb memory formation after 9/11

What does the theory of localization of brain function propose?

Different areas of the brain are responsible for different functions

How does HM's case support the idea of relative localization?

His procedural memory remained intact, but declarative memory was impaired

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Biological Factors in Cognitive Processing

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Explore the concept of biological reductionism in psychology and its implications on memory and brain function. Dive into key studies and criticisms related to this theory.

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Questions 20

Answers

1
A key criticism of biological reductionism is that it does not….
Recognize social influences on cognition
Explains the brain's role in personality
Is too complex to test scientifically
Focuses only on observable behavior
2
In Sharot's study, which brain area showed increased activity in the Downtown group?
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Frontal lobe
Amygdala
3
What is one strength of fMRI technology?
It proves all cognitive processes are localized
It has limited temporal resolution
It allows study of deep brain structures like the hippocampus
It can explain dreams and imagination
4
What type of experiment is often used with fMRI to study behavior?
Survey study
Case study
Experiments
Naturalistic observation
5
Which cognitive process is most closely examined in Sharot’s study?
Attention control
Language production
Decision-making
Flashbulb memory
6
Which part of the brain is primarily linked to declarative memory?
Prefrontal cortex
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Brainstem
7
A limitation of fMRI machines is expensive and sensitive to movement
FALSE
TRUE
8
What kind of memories were rated more vivid by the Downtown group in Sharot’s study?
Summer memories
9/11 memories
Visual images
Childhood memories
9
What does fMRI primarily measure in the brain?
Glucose metabolism
Neurotransmitter release
Heart rate
Oxygenated blood flow
10
Why is fMRI limited in spatial resolution?
Voxels are too small to detect overall activation
It measures neural activity in real time (milliseconds)
It can detect individual neuron firing
Voxel size ranges from 1–5 mm, limiting neuron-level detail
11
What does biological reductionism refer to in psychology?
Explaining complex behaviors in terms of biological factors
Considering multiple perspectives in treatment
Using interviews to understand mental illness
Explaining behavior using psychological therapies
12
Which brain imaging technique shows both structure and function?
MRI
CT scan
PET scan
fMRI
13
Which method was NOT used in the study of HM?
IQ testing
Star tracing task
Interviews
Brain dissection
14
What type of memory was most affected in HM after his surgery?
Declarative memory
Semantic memory
Procedural memory
Working memory
15
What kind of experiment design did Sharot et al. (2007) use?
True experiment
Interview study
Quasi experiment
Observational study
16
How does Sharot’s study support the idea of biological influence on memory?
It proves that memory is entirely genetic
It shows heightened amygdala activity during emotional recall
It shows that emotional events are remembered worse
It shows how memory is formed in dreams
17
What was the main aim of Sharot et al. (2007)?
To study attention span in children
To examine flashbulb memory formation after 9/11
To measure language processing in different brain areas
To explore how trauma affects amnesia
18
What does the theory of localization of brain function propose?
All parts of the brain perform the same functions
Memory is randomly stored in the brain
Different areas of the brain are responsible for different functions
Each hemisphere performs all brain functions equally
19
How does HM's case support the idea of relative localization?
His long-term memory returned after surgery
Only short-term memory was affected
His procedural memory remained intact, but declarative memory was impaired
It only affected HM’s ability to form procedural memories
20
What task did participants perform during the fMRI in Sharot et al. (2007)?
Sorting emotional words
Solving math problems
Button pressing
Word cue recall

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