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Final Exam Review Part 2
Final Exam Review Part 2
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Psychology final review
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110 cards
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1
Obesity increases the risk of:
gallstones.
diabetes.
arthritis.
all of these.
2
Which of the following is NOT a measure of retention?
relearning
recall
retrieval
recognition
3
The incidence of serious psychological disorders has been doubly high among
those below the poverty line.
women.
those who have relatives with a mental disorder.
men.
4
The emotions of anger and fear involve similar:
patterns of brain activity.
patterns of autonomic arousal.
facial expressions.
subjective thoughts and experiences.
5
Inflated views of self-importance are most characteristic of those with
narcissistic personality disorder.
avoidant personality disorder.
dissociative identity disorder.
anorexia nervosa.
6
People who blame victims of cancer for their medical misfortune best illustrate
scapegoating.
the just-world phenomenon.
stereotyping.
the hindsight bias.
7
Groupthink is fueled by a desire for
harmony.
cognitive dissonance.
minority influence.
personal control.
8
A 9-year-old with the mental age of an average 12-year-old was said to have an IQ
133
75
115
125
9
Flat affect and catatonia are symptoms most closely associated with
schizophrenia with negative symptoms.
borderline personality disorder.
antisocial personality disorder.
schizophrenia with positive symptoms.
10
Schizophrenia is said to be acute when
it develops rapidly.
it is accompanied by immobility.
it is caused by a prenatal viral infection.
recovery is doubtful.
11
Research suggests that beginning in the twenties and thirties:
crystallized intelligence increases, fluid decreases.
crystallized intelligence decreases and fluid increases.
crystallized intelligence decreases and fluid increases.
crystallized intelligence increases and fluid increases.
12
Which trait is associated with a tendency to seek low levels of environmental stimulation?
conscientiousness
introversion
agreeableness
narcissism
13
Which of the following is true of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory?
It can be given and scored only by a trained psychologist.
It is an empirically derived test.
It is the most widely used projective test.
It was designed to assess the personality of normal people.
14
The greatest number of deaths in the United States today results from:
strokes
AIDS
cancer
heart disease
15
Virtual reality exposure therapy is most similar to
systematic desensitization.
aversive conditioning.
dialectical behavior therapy.
transference.
16
The highest rates of depression occur in ________ countries among ________.
developed; young adults
developed; children
undeveloped; young adults
underdeveloped; children
17
Learning the rules of syntax for a specific language best illustrates the acquisition of:
sign language.
phonemes.
grammar.
perceptual set.
18
Down syndrome is a disorder of varying severity caused by:
prenatal viral infections.
parental neglect during infancy.
an extra copy of chromosome 21.
a lack of sufficient oxygen at the time of birth.
19
Prejudice is a(n) ________; discrimination is a(n) ________.
attitude; behavior
behavior; attitude
explicit; implicit
ingroup bias; outgroup bias
20
Oxygen deprivation at the time of birth is a known risk factor for
dissociative identity disorder.
antisocial personality disorder.
schizotypal personality disorder.
schizophrenia.
21
The best way to increase the production of serotonin is to:
receive training in meditation.
engage in aerobic exercise.
develop an external locus of control.
avoid emotion-focused coping.
22
Xanax and Ativan are ________ drugs.
antianxiety
antidepressant
mood-stabilizing
antipsychotic
23
One component of emotional intelligence involves:
predicting accurately when feelings are about to change.
focusing attention on positive thoughts and feelings.
the ability to forget emotionally traumatic experiences.
a lack of concern about receiving social approval.
24
Breast feeding is associated with the release of:
NK cells.
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding
endorphins.
25
Mindfulness meditation involves attending to our moment-to-moment experiences in a manner that
is emotionally arousing.
is humble.
is aimless.
is nonjudgmental.
26
A person who can imagine many alternative uses of a paper clip best illustrates:
the availability heuristic.
divergent thinking.
convergent thinking.
the framing effect.
27
Which of the following is an important component of grit?
narcissism
social networking
self-discipline
self-disclosure
28
Explicit memory is to ________ as implicit memory is to ________.
basal ganglia; frontal lobes
hippocampus; cerebellum
sensory memory; working memory
automatic processing; effortful processing
29
In a collectivist culture, individuals are likely to avoid
embarrassing other people.
modesty.
prolonging conversations.
displaying personal humility.
30
Who is the best example of a Type B personality?
George, a self-confident, time-conscious mail carrier
Henry, an irritable, impatient college professor
Stasio, a fun-loving, hard-driving corporation president
Wang Lung, a relaxed, easygoing dentist
31
Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
flat affect
word salad
disorganized speech
inappropriate emotions
32
Wernicke's area is typically located in the left ________ lobe.
parietal
frontal
occipital
temporal
33
The mass-killing shooters have several things in common, including that they tend to
be older men with psychological disorders.
be young women with gang affiliations.
be young males.
suffer from a psychological disorder.
34
The self-reference effect best illustrates the value of:
implicit memory.
massed practice.
the peg-word system.
deep processing.
35
Answering practice test questions about text material you have studied is a strategy for:
becoming aware of what you do not yet know.
facilitating the development of implicit memory.
automatically processing complex information.
inhibiting infantile amnesia.
36
Competition between individuals is most likely to be celebrated in cultures that promote
individualism
narcissism
introversion
collectivism
37
People who laugh a lot have exhibited a lower incidence of:
problem-focused coping.
heart disease.
cancer.
emotion-focused coping.
38
Free association is a method designed to
show total acceptance of another person.
reduce anxiety.
explore the unconscious.
help achieve self-actualization.
39
In studies with 3-year-olds, the early signs of antisocial behavior in children include
having a sense of social responsibility.
high levels of stress hormones.
high concern for social rewards.
slow development of conditioned fears.
40
Depression increases the risk of death, especially death from:
multiple sclerosis.
coronary heart disease.
lupus.
stomach cancer.
41
Self-esteem is especially likely to be a predictor of happiness in cultures that value:
individualism.
the feel-good; do-good phenomenon.
relative deprivation.
an external locus of control.
42
Narcissism is associated with
less gambling and more cheating.
less gambling and less cheating.
more gambling and less cheating.
more gambling and more cheating.
43
Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain by creating fear circuits within the
anterior cingulate cortex
thalamus
hypothalamus
amygdala
44
According to Freud, boys develop unconscious sex desires for their mother during the ___ stage.
oral
latency
phallic
anal
45
Which of the following refers to a state that usually triggers a state of motivational arousal?
incentive
drive
homeostasis
need
46
A sudden loss of memory is a symptom of
a dissociative disorder.
bulimia nervosa.
schizotypal personality disorder.
anorexia nervosa.
47
Left hemisphere damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to contribute to:
telegraphic speech.
aphasia.
a loss of a critical period.
linguistic determinism.
48
Freud believed that ________ are the “royal road to the unconscious".
psychosexual stages
erogenous zones
dreams
projective tests
49
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of what is commonly called
intelligence
?
the ability to learn from experience
artistic ability
problem-solving
the ability to adapt to new situations
50
The humanistic perspective emphasized the value of
self-determinism.
the collective unconscious.
behaviorism.
schemas.
51
Damage to the _____ would most likely interfere with a person's memory of how to play the piano
hippocampus
hypothalamus
amygdala
basal ganglia
52
The use of mnemonics such as the peg-word system illustrates:
effortful processing.
automatic processing.
echoic memory.
the self-reference effect.
53
Conscious rehearsal of what you just heard a friend tell you requires:
automatic processing.
working memory.
deep processing.
implicit memory.
54
Ruminating inwardly about why you are angry is likely to:
reduce your feelings of anger.
reduce your level of physical arousal.
increase your level of lymphocyte production.
increase blood flow in the amygdala.
55
What grade do you think you will have in my class?
B
A
F
C
56
Stress hormones promote stronger memories by:
increasing the availability of propranolol.
increasing the availability of glucose.
decreasing the availability of serotonin.
decreasing the availability of epinephrine.
57
Which of the following has been suggested as an explanation for infantile amnesia?
The hippocampus is one of the last brain structures develop.
The emotional reactivity of infants inhibits encoding.
Implicit memories last for less than a second in infants.
Life experiences disrupt the retrieval of early life events.
58
Severely depressed individuals are especially likely to show reduced brain activity in the
right frontal lobe.
left frontal lobe.
white matter.
ventricles
59
People who are more likely to avoid romantic commitments
experience the spotlight effect.
have a sense of self-efficacy.
are empathic.
are narcissistic.
60
Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients
focus on their immediate conscious feelings.
develop greater self-esteem.
become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses.
feel more trusting toward others.
61
Encoding verbal information semantically involves:
iconic memory.
shallow processing.
deep processing.
echoic memory.
62
By activating the amygdala, stress hormones promote
the serial position effect.
long-term potentiation.
the production of propranolol.
infantile amnesia.
63
A loss of perceived control tends to result in:
low blood sugar levels.
reduced immune responses.
problem-focused coping.
low blood pressure.
64
The preservation of innovation best illustrates the survival value of
conformity.
social norms.
culture.
individualism.
65
Damage to the hippocampus would most likely interfere with a person's ability to learn:
to eat with a fork.
the names of newly introduced people.
a classically conditioned fear response.
to ride a bike.
66
The happier Judie is, the more readily she recalls positive life experiences. This illustrates:
retrieval cues.
flashbulb memories
a primacy effect.
procedural memories.
67
Lithium is often an effective ________ drug.
mood-stabilizing
antianxiety
antidepressant
antipsychotic
68
Feeling responsible for behavior that violates our conscience is most likely to contribute to
cognitive dissonance.
attribution error.
central route persuasion.
the fundamental attribution error.
69
A highly anxious and insecure personality illustrates the Big Five trait dimension of
agreeableness
extraversion
neuroticism
openness
70
Social loafing is LEAST likely to be observed in
China.
Japan.
Thailand.
the United States.
71
The amygdala boosts activity in the brain's memory-forming areas when stimulated by:
stress hormones.
propranolol.
the cerebellum.
the basal ganglia.
72
Freud suggested that the superego strengthens through the process of
fixation.
repression.
free association.
identification.
73
Which emotion is expressed by brows drawn together and downward, eyes fixed, and mouth squarish
surprise
fear
anger
interest
74
If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of:
reliability.
standardization.
content validity.
predictive validity.
75
Alfred Adler was a neo-Freudian who proposed the concept of
identification.
an oral fixation.
an inferiority complex.
penis envy.
76
Reversing the perspectives of actor and observer reduces ________ among observers.
in-group bias
cognitive dissonance
the fundamental attribution error
central route persuasion
77
Which procedure involves the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain?
psychosurgery
rTMS
biofeedback
ECT
78
The final exam in a calculus course would be an example of a(n) ________ test.
standardized
achievement
general intelligence
aptitude
79
Many clinical psychologists have a Ph.D. degree, which indicates that they
underwent research training.
majored in psychoanalysis.
have a medical license.
had to undergo EMDR.
80
Personality
is best defined as an individual's
hidden thoughts and emotions.
most noticeable characteristics.
characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
implicit memories.
81
Work activities are most likely to foster happiness when they promote:
the experience of flow.
rumination.
an external locus of control.
relative deprivation.
82
Which of the following disorders is more common among men than women?
anorexia nervousa
binge eating disorder
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
83
The pleasure principle is to the ________ as the reality principle is to the ________.
id; superego
conscious; unconscious
Oedipus complex; Electra complex
id; ego
84
According to Freud's theory, the behavior of a newborn is controlled by
the id.
the superego.
the ego.
the reality principle.
85
Many suspect that EMDR may be therapeutic because of its similarity to
exposure therapy.
aversive conditioning.
psychoanalysis.
cognitive-behavioral therapy.
86
Among women, the stresses and demoralization of poverty are especially likely to precipitate
ADHD.
an eating disorder.
schizophrenia.
depression.
87
Damage to the ___ would most likely interfere with a person's ability to form new memories.
basal ganglia
amygdala
cerebellum
hippocampus
88
Consciously recalling that Lincoln was assassinated by Booth best illustrates
semantic memory.
state-dependent memory.
episodic memory.
procedural memory.
89
The DSM-5 does NOT
explain the causes of the various psychological disorders.
include a very broad range of psychological disorders.
include a classification of personality disorders.
provide guidelines for diagnosing psychological disorders.
90
Happy infants and alert, energetic adults are likely to show high levels of activity in the:
cerebellum.
left frontal lobe.
somatosensory cortex.
amygdala.
91
Using the defense mechanism of projection, a person experiences an internal
virtue as if it were an external virtue.
threat as if it were an external virtue.
threat as if it were an external threat.
virtue as if it were an external threat.
92
A psychologist would use biofeedback to provide clients with information about their:
body weight.
muscle tension.
genetic makeup.
blood type.
93
Oxytocin is a stress-moderating hormone released by:
NK cells.
lymphocytes.
a fight-or-flight response.
cuddling or a massage.
94
Major depressive disorder is said to occur when signs of depression last at least
one week.
one month.
two weeks.
two months
95
Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are LEAST likely to
have a strong sense of identity.
have problem-centered interests.
be independent.
be self-centered in their needs.
96
After long-term potentiation has occurred
it takes longer to process new information.
sending neurons release their neurotransmitters more easily.
you more readily forget facts that you once knew.
a receiving neuron's receptor sites are reduced.
97
People's physical attractiveness is a good predictor of their
happiness.
frequency of dating.
academic competence.
altruism.
98
Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are called
antipsychotic drugs.
mood-stabilizing drugs.
antianxiety drugs.
SSRIs.
99
Infants are first able to discriminate speech sounds during the ________ stage.
syntactic
babbling
telegraphic
one-word
100
One good alternative to antidepressant drugs is
Thorazine.
aerobic exercise.
a lobotomy.
exposure therapy.
101
One explanation for the fundamental attribution error involves observers'
central route persuasion.
limited visual perspective.
role playing.
cognitive dissonance.
102
An intense fear of heights is not considered to be a psychological disorder unless it
interferes with effective functioning.
results from a genetic predisposition.
can be reduced with prescription drugs.
can be reduced with prescription drugs.
103
The women's basketball team at the U of T improved in free-throw shooting after practicing:
productive language.
telegraphic speech.
sign language.
mental imagery.
104
A person who has agoraphobia is most likely to
avoid dust and dirt.
stay away from fire.
avoid being outside his or her home.
avoid household pets.
105
Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are especially likely to
demonstrate a reactive temperament.
enjoy many unusually close friendships.
be open and spontaneous.
avoid political disagreements.
106
Those who demonstrate grit are especially likely to have a high level of:
affiliation.
achievement motivation.
chain migration.
social networking.
107
The term
catharsis
refers to emotional:
release.
adaptation.
disturbance.
inhibition.
108
The superego is the part of personality that
performs all of these functions.
generates feelings of guilt.
mediates the demands of biology and the external world.
operates on the reality principle.
109
The most universally understood way of expressing emotion is through:
tone of voice.
hand gestures.
body postures.
facial expressions.
110
One would not observe unusually high rates of divorce in cultures that promote
collectivism.
individualism.
narcissism.
personal privacy.