Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...

an variable-ratio reinforcement schedule

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...

personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level

What is cognitive dissonance?

a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions

If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...

the other boy started it and he was defending himself

What is not a characteristic of groupthink?

gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)

A perceptual set implies that...

people often see what they expect to see

blocks the action of neurotransmitters

The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..

the personal qualities of the residents

studbud

AP Psychology - AP Mock Review 3/7

117 termsStudBud Administration56 plays

A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 117

Answers

1
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
constancy
symmetry
closure
similiarity
2
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
boat-goat
tree-bird
fill-feed
car-nose
3
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
4
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
stereotypes
prejudices
attributions
self-serving bias
5
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
6
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
7
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
latency
anal
oral
genital
8
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
afferent nerves
9
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
10
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
11
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
functionalism
psychoanalysis
neodynamism
behaviorism
12
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
humanistic
cognitive
behavioral
13
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
episodic
crystallized
procedural
14
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
resistance to pain
reduction of inhibitions
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
15
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
extinction
spontaneous remission
16
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
17
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological instability
physiological instability
physiological stability
psychological stability
18
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
19
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a false alarm
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
20
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
drive theory
incentive theory
21
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
mechanical
logical-mathemathical
musical
22
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a fixed-interval schedule
an variable-ratio reinforcement schedule
a fixed-ratio schedule
a variable-interval schedule
23
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
24
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
creativity
insight
intelligence
reasoning
25
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
antagonists
neurotransmitters
action potentials
agonists
26
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
William James
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
Wilhelm Wundt
27
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
food/meat powder
salivation
tone
28
What is cognitive dissonance?
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
29
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
pituitary
gonads
thyroid
thalamus
30
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
31
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
narcotics
alcohol
cannabis
32
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he's just like his father
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he always gets in fights
33
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
iris
lens
vitreous humor
34
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
processing
sensation
attention
perception
35
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
wish fulfillment theory
activation-synthesis theory
problem-solving theory
None of the Above
36
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
pseudoinsomnia
insomnia
37
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
electrographic tomography
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
38
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
39
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
social loafing
group polarization
conformity
deindividuation
40
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
stimulus discrimination
selection
step-wise conditioning
41
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring dissent from group members
42
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
43
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
gamma
delta
beta
alpha
44
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
45
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
standard deviation
means
correlation coefficients
percentiles
46
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
47
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
personality; standardized
intelligence; standardized
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; personality
48
A perceptual set implies that...
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
49
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
50
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
physiological recordings
direct observation
psychological tests
questionnaires
51
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
crowded living conditions
poor police protection
52
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
obedience
cognitive dissonance
conformity
groupthink
53
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
is reliable
54
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
55
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
surprise
happiness
sadness
fear
56
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
loud noise
rabbit
fear reaction
rat
57
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
representativeness
predictability
accuracy of inference
58
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
standardized validity
content validity
predictive validity
59
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
60
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
brainstem
cerebellum
limbic system
61
The Stanford-Binet scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a percentile score
mental age
a potential score
IQ
62
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
schematizing
cultural direction
cognitive structuring
stereotypes
63
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
endocrine system
reticular formation
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
64
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
changes in testing procedures
genetic influences on IQ
65
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
print letters
sing a song
66
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
67
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
relearning
recall
reiteration
recognition
68
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
hypothalamus
69
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
the law of cognitive dissonance
the principle of collectivism
display rules
70
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
memory
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
71
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
pressure
change
frustration
conflict
72
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a stereotype
a heuristic observation
a self-serving attribution
73
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
overextension
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
metalinguistic awareness
74
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
escape learning
avoidance learning
75
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
repression
76
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
oval window
cochlea
temporal lobe
77
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
conscious experience
the brain
behavior
the unconscious
78
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
basis for performing pro-social behavior
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
halo effect in aggression
79
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
stage 1
stage 4
REM
80
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
mentalism
intelligence
cognition
81
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
82
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
83
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
been dreaming
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
a headache
84
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
fixation
compensation
regression
displacement
85
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
a self-report inventory
a projective test
86
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
timbre
decibels
pitch
loudness
87
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
classical conditioning
punishment
operant conditioning
observational learning
88
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
89
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
mean
mode
midpoint
90
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
91
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
smell buds
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
olfactory cilia
92
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
brightness
saturation
color
light purity
93
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
dopamine
endorphin
serotonin
acetylcholine
94
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
insight learning
operant conditioning
latent learning
95
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
96
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
retrieved
modeled
encoded
97
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
criterion-related
content
absolute
98
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
were put into a simulated prison
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
99
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the experimental group
the control group
the observational group
100
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
reinforcement
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
101
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
obsessions
hallucinations
illusions
delusions
102
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
103
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
consciousness
hypnosis
perception
sensation
104
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
state-dependent learning
105
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the unconscious
the conscious
irrational thoughts
maladaptive behaviors
106
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
sensory
short-term
long-term
107
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
observational learning
108
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
corpus callosum
pineal gland
parietal lobe
109
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
mescaline
heroin
marijuana
110
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
a narcotic
a hallucinogen
an amphetamine
111
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
script
semantic network
schema
112
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time awake
cultural practices
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
113
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
seeing a flash of light
114
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an external attribution
an internal attribution
a distinctive attribution
a situational attribution
115
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
collectivism
individualism
attributionism
functionalism
116
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
thyroid gland
pancreas
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
117
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
thought is to perception
attitude is to action
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking

AP Psychology - AP Mock Review 3/7 Flashcards | StudBud