stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Psych Exam 3 Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Psych Exam 3
Psych Exam 3
82 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
4 plays
Imported from external platform
Flashcards
82 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
82
Answers
1
meauring intelligence is widely accepted and not controversial
True
False
2
which are true about causality in preschool
casual reasoning during this period
expect that if a variable causes an effect it should do so every time
3-4yr olds do not understand magic/find it humerous
by 5yrs children are fascinated by magic tricks
3
abstractions (5 number principle)
number should always be recited in the same order
number of objects that can be counted
any set of discrete objects or events can be counted
all of the above
4
both natavists and empiricists believe that (space)
self--produced movement stimulates processing of spatial info
development of the hippocampus brings about this learning
spatial concepts are understood early in life
geometric cues are important in understanding space
5
genome has substantial influence on intelligence- moderate in early childhood and becomes large by adolescence/adulthood
True
False
6
which are true about representing space relative to the external environment
have a hard time with spatial representation in absence of obvious landmark
6mo infants are capable of using landmarks in evironment to code location
development of spatial skills is partially dependent on culture
improves with age, variation throuhout life, difference in rual v urban
7
empiricists argue that kids biological understanding comes from observations/info from parents/teachers/culture
True
False
8
which are true about the Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (HOME)
samples various aspects of childs home life
whether casual relations actually exist between the two remains unknown
most tests have been done with biological kids and their parents
IQ, math, and reading scores were positively correlated with HOME scores
9
natavist view on numbers
empiricists have same views
children born with core concept of number
intraparietal sulcus is involved
spatial mechanism present for learning about #, object sets, counting, +, -
10
which is an example of a category heirarchy formed by an infant
animal/dog/poodle
poodle/dog/animal
poodle/animal/dog
dog/poolde/animal
11
children who have imaginary friends develope faster and are more friends early in life
False
True
12
inherticance allows kids to understand that physical characteristics tend to be passes from parent to offspring
False
True
13
which are true about family non-shared environments
unique non-shared influences with the family
increases with age as shared environment decreases
children in lower income families have a steeper decrease in non-shared
14
what are the three levels of intelligence
a few basic traits
intelligence as a single trail
as a numerous cognitive process
intelligence as one wholestic view of cognitive and psychological processes
15
play referes to activities that are persued for their own sake with no motivation other than the enjoyment they bring
True
False
16
which are true about perceptual categorization
ex: grouping all mammals together vs birds and lizzards
some categories include: shape, size, movement
during 2nd year overall shape is the basis for categorizing objects
grouping together of objects that have similar appearences
17
preschoolers understand biological processes which includes
growth, illness, healing
psychological processes
essentialism
inheritance
18
which are true about the emergence of self-consciousness
By 4mo, infants show basic understanding of what they can and cannot do
Infants seem to be born with a kind of implicit self-consciousness
rudimentary understanding that they are separate from other people
if person touches an infant’s cheek, kid is likely to turn in the direction
19
emerge through children influencing other people’s behavior- ex:kids like reading, parents dont, parents read to kid
active effects
compelling effects
passive effects
evocative effects
20
one-one correspondance is
objects cant be counted
all of the above
# should always be recited in the same order
each object must be labaled by a single number word
21
knowledge of living things three views are
young kids understand both mature/ immatire biological understanding
kid has shall understanding of living things till 7-10yrs
5yrs kid understands essentials of living think but confused on some points
children develop only after interaction with basic objects
22
which are true about continuity of IQ scores
longitudinal studies show consistency of IQ scores from 5yrs on
IQ tests given closer in time correlate higher than those given over longer
IQ scores always go up in number
childs mood/alertness/fam factors/changes in environment impact results
23
preschoolers understand that plants and animals have internal processes that allow them to grow, heal, and get sick
False
True
24
a quantitative measure of a child’s intelligence relative to that of other children of the same age
IQ
normal distribution
standard deviation
three-stratum framework
25
egocentric spatial representations-coding of spatial locations relative to ones own body, without regard to surroundings
False
True
26
essentialism is knowing that all living things have an essence inside them that make them what they are
False
True
27
what is a concept
a specific idea of an event that happens in the world through ecperience
used to categorize kinds of things that exist in the world
general ideas that organize objects, events, qualities, on basis of similar
aid in understanding of acting in the world throughout prior experience
28
what is true of the theory of mind module (TOMM) (nativists view)
support comes from kids with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
atypical sizes and acticity for certain brain areas
matires over first 5 years in kids in typical environment
a hypothesized brain mechanism devoted to understanding other human beings
29
natavists argue that humans are born with a "biology module" that helps kids learn quick- involves what three arguments
throughout world, info about plants/ animals are organized in similar ways
comes from observations
includes fscination of plants and animals
was crutial for survival during early periods of evolution
30
there has been a gene discovered that is linked to intelligence
True
False
31
IQ scores are strong predictors of academic, economic, and occupational success
True
False
32
which are true about children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ADS)
children with most serious form engage in solitary/ repetitive behaviors
affects about 1 in 100 mostly male us children
interact lesswith others, produce little language,little interest in people
problems caused by ADS can be mitigated bu intense/ early treatment
33
which are true about pretend play
object substituion- a stick becomes a gun
make-believe where kids create symbolic relations
doesn't improve social relations
emerges around 21mo
34
which of the following are true
children progress similarily in beliefs across societies and cultures
performance improves between ages 3 and 5 for false-belief problems
kids theory of mind continues to develope into teen years
children have desires that must be met to provideo continuous learning
35
robert sternbers theory of successful intelligence
broader range of capabilities than those measured by traditional IQ tests
based on view that intelligence is the ability to schieve success in life
all three abilities similar to gardners theory-just condensed
success in life is based on: analytic, partial ability, creative ability
36
which are true about the environmental risk scale
the more risks, the lower the childs IQ score
single parent, unemployed parents, maternal mental heath probs, all risks
high quality parenting can help off-set risks imposed by poverty
based on # of environmental risk factors for low IQ scores
37
naive psychology is made up of which three concepts
actions (goes to billys house)
beliefs (expect billy to be home)
desires (desire to see billy)
objects (wants to play with billys toys)
38
infants CANT distinguish between size longer time and greater number
True
False
39
the most specific level within a category hierarchy, such as “poodle” in the animal/dog/poodle is which category
subordinate level
basic level
superordinate level
superior level
40
empiricists views on causality
A: infants possess an innate casual module
A: infants casual understanding of innumerable events in the environment
B: allows them to extract core info from events they observe
B: if affects their own actions
41
intelligence-measured by observing peoples actions on tasks that require problem solving, memory, spation reasoning,etc
False
True
42
which are true of infants experiencing time
sense of temporal order- what hapened 1st, 2nd, etc
subject to illustion of time- holding a 1 min plank feels longer than 1 min
infants can discriminate between lengths of time- ratios- flashing light ex
the older they get, the more kids understand time
43
playing video games contributes to increases in fluid intelligence
False
True
44
which are true about the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
correlate positively with other aspects of intelligence
test results in an overall score+ seperate scores on 4 general abilities
same general ideas consistent with Carrolls three-stratum framework
widely used test designed to measure the intelligence of children 6+
45
number equality is the realization that all sets of
N
objects have something in common
False
True
46
which are true of the progression of infants categorization
3mo-basic understanding of object interactions
1yr-consideration of object shape and suprise of object asymmetry
5mo-appreciation of relevance of support contact type
6mo-recognition of importance of contact amount
47
sociodramatic play are activities in whcih kids enact miniature dramas with other kids or adults (more sophistocated)
False
True
48
other people will act in accord with their own beliefs even when the child knows that those beliefs are incorrect
ex: smarties on a box full of pencils
false-belief problem
theory of mind
mind module
49
what is naive psychology
all of the above
a basic level of understanding-child can understand object categorizartion
teaching children to become more self-aware of object around them
a commonsense level of understanding of other people and oneself
50
understanding of how mental processes such as intentions, desires, beliefs, perceptions, and emotions influence behavior
false-belief problem
mind module
theory of mind
individual differences
51
match the theory/beliefe of naive psychology and empiricists
A: experiences w/ others and general info-processing are...
B: key sources of understanding other people
A: basic understanding is obly possible because...
B: children are born with a basic understanding of human psychology
52
the number of objects in the set corresponding to the last number selected
abstractions
order irrelevance
cardinality
stable order
53
involve children’s choosing environments that they enjoy
passive effects
evocative effects
compelling effects
active effets
54
what is true of the theory of mind module (TOMM) (empircist view)
emphasize learning from experiences with physical situations/other people
emphasizes interactions with other people
empiricists do not believe in TOMM
all of the above
55
which are true about casual reasoning in infancy
by end of 2 year they infer casual impact of one variable based on another
kids struggle to infer causality until 3yrs
ex: Blicket and music player experiment
by 6mo they can perceive casual connections among events
56
what is involved in Bronfenbrenners bioecological model of development
interplay of several factors recognized
invisions kid as embedded w a series of unique set of qualities
personal experiences and genetic endowment
immediate environment, culture, social and economic system
57
which are true about infants understanding other people
attention helps them learn about people in general/ individual differences
pay careful attention to people and learn lots about them
cartoon clips often used to study kids reactions to human-like actions
human hand has more impact than mechanical claw when reaching for an object
58
the middle level, and often the first level learned, within a category hierarchy, such as “dog” in the animal/dog/poodle
superordinate level
superior level
subordinate level
basic level
59
the ability to inhibit actions, follow rulles, and avoid impulsive reactions
self-discipline
conscientiousness
motivation
intellectual curiosity
60
empiricist view on numbers
kids learn about numbers through expereinces
large differences in # understanding among kidsfrom different cultures
natavists have same views
all of the above
61
natavists veiws on causality
B: if affects their own actions
B: allows them to extract core info from events they observe
A: infants casual understanding of innumerable events in the environment
A: infants possess an innate casual module
62
what are the three general categories children divide objects into
people
other animals
inanimate objects
shapes
63
Govt programs for children were intially helpful, but after a few years there was less evidence the info stuck
False
True
64
Howard Gardners theory of multipe intelligences
linguistic,logical,math,spatial,music,nature,body,intrapersonal,interperson
noted defects of brain damage and prodogies (motzart music> other subjects)
based on view tht people possess at least 8 types of intelligence
little supporting evidence
65
stable order (5 counting principle) is a number should always be recited in the same order
True
False
66
factual knowledge, such as knowledge of word meanings, state capitals, answers to arithmetic problems
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
intelligence as numerous cognitive processes
intelligence as a single trait
67
kids areraised by their biological parents.effects occur not because of anything kids do but cuz of the overlap of genes
active effects
compelling effects
evocative effects
passive effects
68
which are true about the Flynn effect
greater increase in scores of fluid intelligence related tasks (experiences
gains roughly 10 points in US
consistent rise in average IQ over past 80yrs in many countries
greater increase in lower SES- more access to healthcare/nutrition
69
nonsymbolic number discrimination- infants as young as 5mo- "tu,tu,tu" dont know "there" but have rough concept size
False
True
70
empiricist believe that children possess and innate module specialized for learning about space-seperate from other info
True
False
71
effects of poverty on IQ are indisputable
False
True
72
understanding cause-effect relations helps people of all ages learn and remember (wug/willies example)
True
False
73
which are true about infants understanding of differences between people
baby struggles to identify differences between people until about 12mo
ex: baby is more likely to choose food offered by speaker of their language
infants undersyand individual differences
reflected in how they partially preference on peoples actions/character
74
nativists believe that children have spatial representation as a result of experience, like behavior patterns
False
True
75
model that has g at the top, then 8 moderatly general abilities in the middle, then many specific models at the bottom
intelligence as a double trait
all of the above
three-stratum theory of intelligence
intelligence as numerous cognitive abilities
76
understanding the connection between other people’s desires and their actions—emerges by the end of the first year
a part of emergening understanding of object permenance
an important aspect of theory of mind
a false belief system
all of the above
77
it is only by 7-9 years old that kids realize plants are living things
True
False
78
which are true about intelligence
performance on all intellectual tasks is positively correlated
influence the ability to think and learn on all intellectual tasks
kids who struggle in younger years are more likely to drop out of college
the coefficient "g" represents general intelligence
79
IQ typically has a mean of 100 ans a standard deviation of 15
False
True
80
Superordinate level of a category is the general level within a category hierarchy- “animal” in the animal/dog/poodle
False
True
81
which are true about the influences of schooling
both low and high SES fams make comparable gains throughout school year
over summer, kids of low SES fams IQ scores tend to drop
extra year attending school increases IQ score by 1-5 points
school makes kids smarter
82
involves the ability to think on the spot-related to speed of information processing, working-memory function
intelligence as a single trait
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
numerous cognitive processes
