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Qualitive and Quantitative Sampling
Qualitive and Quantitative Sampling
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Taken from Chapter 8, Social Research Methods
Flashcards
40 cards
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Questions
40
Answers
1
Which is the best approach to improve the reliability of data research:
Avoid bias
Large sample size and variety of sampling methods
Improve the integrity of data
Use an appropriate group
2
When is purposive sampling most useful?
When a highly unusual group is being studied
When members of the target population are heterogeneous
When few people are willing to participate
When many subjects drop out of a study before it is completed
3
What is a target population?
The entire group you want to study or describe
A population that has nothing to do with what you are studying.
Only a small part of the group you want to study or describe.
People that used to be part of the group that you hope to study.
4
What are confidence intervals?
A single value for an estimate which we are fairly sure of
Upper & lower limit mean lies in, with confidence level attached.
The mean of the Central Limit Theorem
You use them when can you can research an entire population.
5
What is Cluster Sampling?
The population is put into groups called clusters.
The population is divided into strata.
Choosing a random group from a sample with no pre-medidation
Smaller populations are put into one large cluster.
6
Purposive sampling
Selecting people, you like most
selecting people that are already around you.
selecting people likely to be relevant to research
Selecting people that are just walking down the street at a certain time.
7
Simple random sample
All samples in the population have an equal probability of being selected.
Successive random sampling of groups or units
Availability for the study and willingness to participate.
Sampling interval to select from randomly ordered subjects.
8
What is a parameter?
To research how chefs cut off the edge of a pie crust.
When you use a mathematical and random method of obtaining data
Characteristic or measure of an entire population estimated from a sample.
A sampling error.
9
What is systematic sampling?
All members have an equal chance of being selected
Participants volunteer to take part
Sample reflective of a particular population
Every nth member is selected e.g.. Every 4th house in street
10
Type of sampling that is best for hidden populations (drug dealers, homeless people etc…)
Snowball
Quota
Random
Purposive
11
What is a random sample?
a sample of the average popular characteristics
a group of people in an unethical experiment
a sample that fairly represents a population
a sample of people that unfairly represents a population
12
What is Random Digit Dialing?
use of random telephone numbers to select potential survey makers
use of random emails to select potential survey respondents
use of random telephone numbers to select potential survey respondents
lack of random telephone numbers to select potential survey respondents
13
To get cases that reveal features that are theoretically important about a particular setting or topic.
Adaptive sample
Sequential sample
Purposive sample
Theoretical sample
14
What is a sampling interval?
Inverse of sampling ratio in selecting cases in systematic sampling.
The number samples that are needed for the research.
The number of samples of data are taken per second.
How many outliers there are in the sample.
15
What is a statistic?
The country where the study is carried out.
Information in the sample used to estimate a population
The city where the study takes place.
The nationality of the people involved in the study.
16
Why carry out quota sampling?
Selects people based on specific relevant criteria
Participants recruit others for the study
Ensures a specific ratio of certain traits are present in the sample
Participants are people that are already around you
17
What is the definition of a research population?
Families in Chicago
Scientists and researchers who are running tests
People living in a country
A large group of people who are the focus of a scientific study
18
What is the central limit theorum?
How a sample will have an average
Determined from qualitative resear
How a sample distribution has limits
How a sample distribution will center towards μ
19
What is the name for a case or single unit that is sampled?
A sampling error
A random sample
Sampling element
A sampling distribution
20
Which is Adaptive Sampling?
Drawing a random sample from each category
Having a sampling frame and sampling interval
You have several participants that may or may not represent the population.
Have a few likely places of the hidden population, recruit, then snowball
21
Adaptive sampling can use multiple methods of sampling.
True
False
22
The accuracy of data measurement and its relevance to an investigation defines:
Sampling
Validity
Confidentiality
Reliability
23
What is a Random Number table?
Any number you choose.
A number that you suddenly think of.
When a number comes up randomly from a pool of numbers.
Any number someone chooses for you.
24
Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) method helps to ensure that
Small villages are more selected.
Each sampling universe has an equal chance to be selected
Preferred villages are more selected.
Each basic sampling unit has an equal chance to be selected
25
What is a hidden population?
When there is an anonymous survey conducted about political opinions
When a research project has wide parameters
Population engaging in concealed or clandestine activities (hard to find)
The outliers of government opinion polls
26
What is a sample?
The people that are not included in a universal population
People that have nothing to do with your research
A group or people that are selected out of the research population.
Everyone that is included in the universal population.
27
What is an example of a sampling error?
When the sample size is too small or contains bias
When good sampling method is used
There is no bias in the research
When the sampling is robust
28
Dividing the population into subgroups (e.g. by age or gender) is what type of sampling?
Cluster
Stratified
Volunteer
Systematic
29
In sampling, what is a population?
All the people who live in a country
All possible cases or elements that could inform your study
All 7-11 customers in the whole world
All the people that responded to your survey
30
What must be avoided when conducting research?
Bias
Respect
Sampling
Privacy
31
It is a sampling technique where it uses sampling ratio in selecting its sample.
Snowball
Cluster
Systematic
Stratified
32
Deviant sampling is:
Selecting those that appear to be outliers or outside the 'norm'
Access to participants at the convenience of the researcher
A form of probability sampling
Similiar to stratified sampling - uses characteristics and probability
33
What is a sampling distribution?
Sample statistics from all samples of size n from the population
Distribution of all possible values from the population
Sample statistic from one sample of size n from the population
Population parameters from all samples of size n from the population
34
Deviant case sampling can be used for generalisation?
True
False
35
what is a sampling frame?
the rules for sampling
a table or chart of the sample data
a graph of the sample data
a list of individuals from which we will draw our sample
36
A sampling technique generally used with deviant groups
volunteer sample
random sample
snowball sample
opportunity sample
37
Convenience Sampling involves
a great deal of inconvenience
Tasting free samples at the grocery store
randomly selecting participants
selecting participants that happen to be available
38
What is Snowball sampling?
Never used in hard-to-reach populations.
When research is done in the arctic
Research participants recruit other participants for a test or study
Characteristics of a population
39
Which sampling type involves sampling at regular intervals?
Systematic
Simple
Logistic
Stratified
40
Gets cases until there is no additional information or new characteristics in the study.
Cluster
Sequential
Convenience
Quota
