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Earth Science SOL Review Part 2
Earth Science SOL Review Part 2
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1
Which rock layer is the youngest?
shale
limestone
basalt
sandstone
2
If the low-pressure center follows a normal storm track, it will move toward the...
northwest
southwest
southeast
northeast
3
Which best describes a major characteristic of both volcanoes and earthquakes?
They are centered at the poles
They are located in the same geographic areas
The are related to glacier formation
They are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere
4
Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the shortest wavelength?
Infrared
Gamma rays
Radio waves
X rays
5
Which coastal area is most likely to experience a severe earthquake?
west coast of America
east coast of S America
central Australia
west coast of Africa
6
The climate on the leeward side of the mountain is...
more humid and cooler
drier and cooler
drier and warmer
more humid and warmer
7
Which statement best supports the theory of continental drift?
Present continents appear to fit together; pieces of puzzle
Rock is younger as you move away from mid-ocean ridge
Marine fossils often are found in deep-well drill cores
Shallow water seas tend to accumulate sediment, which sink
8
As seen from Virginia, the noon Sun is
directly overhead on the first day of Spring and Fall
directly overhead only on the first day of Summer
directly overhead every day
never directly overhead
9
The circulation of surface winds associated with this low-pressure system is...
clockwise and away from the center of the low
counterclockwise and toward the center of the low
clockwise and toward the center of the low
counterclockwise and away from the center of the low
10
The Coriolis Effect provides evidence that the Earth
revolves around the Sun
has a magnetic field
rotates on its axis
11
Evidence that does not support the theory that Africa and S. America were once connected.
Correlation of coastlines on opposite sides of A. Ocean
Correlation of fossils on opposite sides of A. Ocean
Correlation of rocks on opposite sides of A. Ocean
Correlation of living animals on opposite sides of A. Ocean
12
Index fossils have usually formed from organisms which has a
wide geographic distribution and existed for a short time
narrow geographic distribution and existed for a long time
wide geographic distribution and existed for a long time
narrow geographic distribution and existed for a short time
13
What type of boundary does the diagram below represent?
convergent boundary
transform boundary
divergent boundary
sliding boundary
14
A station is 2000 km away from an earthquake epicenter. How long until the S-wave arrives?
3 minutes 20 seconds
5 minutes 10 seconds
4 minutes 10 seconds
7 minutes 20 seconds
15
The day of the year, as units of time, are based upon motions of
the Sun
the Earth
the stars
the Moon
16
Where do most earthquakes originate?
evenly spaced along the MOHO
within Earth's outer core
along specific belts within the crust
randomly across Earth's surface
17
Which planet's orbital shape would be most similar to Jupiter's orbital shape?
Earth
Mercury
Uranus
Mars
18
Which of the following stars is cooler than the Sun?
Rigel
Procyon B
Spica
Barnard's Star
19
What is the temperature of rock located 1,000 kilometers below Earth's surface?
2,800ºC
2,100ºC
200ºC
3,200ºC
20
What force is responsible for the movement of glaciers?
running water
wind
gravity
ground water
21
The Sun is classified as which of the following types of stars?
Main Sequence
Giant
Supergiant
White Dwarf
22
During which month does the minimum duration of insolation occurs in Virginia?
December
July
September
February
23
Compared to the temperature and luminosity of the star Polaris, the star Sirius is
hotter and mor luminous
cooler and more luminous
hotter and less luminous
cooler and less luminous
24
Which factor is most directly related to wind velocity?
pressure gradient
dew point
cloud type
relative humidity
25
Wind speed of a severe storm in order to be classified as hurricane.
212 miles per hour
96 miles per hour
75 miles per hour
48 miles per hour
26
Which planet has the most eccentric orbit?
Jupiter
Mercury
Mars
Earth
27
Earth is the __________________ planet from the Sun.
fourth
fifth
third
second
28
Which two tectonic plates are separated by a mid-ocean ridge?
Indian-Australian and Eurasian
Indian-Australian and Pacific
North American and Eurasian
North American and South American
29
In which type of climate does chemical weathering usually occur most rapidly?
hot and wet
hot and dry
cold and wet
cold and dry
30
What date does the autumnal equinox occur?
September 23
none of the above
June 21
December 21
31
The swinging pendulum, as seen below, provides evidence that the Earth is
wobbling
eclipsing
rotating
revolving
32
Below is the Sun's path for a location in Virginia. What is a possible date for the observer?
September 21
December 21
July 21
March 21
33
Describe why the sun sets at night?
Sun stops making light for 12 hours per day; night appears.
At nighttime, clouds on the horizon cover up the sun.
Sun sets as your side of the Earth turns away from the sun.
Bad weather makes the sky grow dark.
34
According to tectonic plate maps, Virginia is presently located...
above a mantle hot spot
at a convergent plate boundary
near the center of a large plate
above a mid-ocean ridge
35
Compared to shear waves (S-waves), the speed of compressional (P-waves) is
always slower
always faster
always the same
36
Which statement best describes the geocentric model of our solar system?
All planets revolve around the Sun.
The Sun is located at the center of the model.
The Earth is located at the center of the model.
All planets except the Earth revolve around the Sun.
37
What type of frontal boundary should be drawn in along the line labeled X?
occluded front
stationary front
cold front
warm front
38
Background radiation detected in space is believed to be evidence that
the Universe is contacting
all matter in the Universe is stationary
the Universe began with a primeval explosion
galaxies are evenly spaced throughout the Universe
39
An air pressure of 29.65 inches of mercury is equal to how many millibars?
1001.0 mb
1004.0 mb
999.0 mb
984.0 mb
40
How many seismic stations are needed to accurately locate an earthquake's epicenter?
three
two
four
one
41
Letters A, B, C and D represent four different marine fossils. Which is an index fossil?
Letter B
Letter C
Letter A
Letter D
42
What does the spectral line from Barnard's Star indicate?
Blue shift where Barnard's Star is moving away from us
Red shift where Barnard's Star is moving away from us
Blue shift where Barnard's Star is moving towards us
Red shift where Barnard's Star is moving towards us
43
The orbiting motion of the Earth is best described as
declination
rotation
inclination
revolution
44
Which rock unit is the oldest?
limestone
sandstone
basalt
shale
45
The best evidence of crustal uplift would be provided by...
marine fossils found in the Rocky Mountains
igneous rock deep within the Earth
trenches in the Pacific Ocean floor
sediments in the Gulf of Mexico
46
_____ are hurtling through space and not captured in Earth's atmosphere.
meteorites
meteoroids
meteors
47
In which group are the parts listed in order from oldest to youngest?
Universe, Solar System, Milky Way
Milky Way, Solar System, Universe
Solar System, Milky Way, Universe
Universe, Milky Way, Solar System
48
What depths have the greatest rate of temperature increase below the Earth's surface?
1500 and 2500 km
2500 and 3500 km
250 and 500 km
3500 and 4000 km
49
A temp of 73ºF is approximately equal to a temperature of
23ºC
62ºC
17ºC
26ºC
50
What is the approximate Celsius temperature at this location?
72
74
15
25
51
What is the pressure estimated to be at 4,500 kilometers below the surface of the Earth?
3.1 million atmospheres
2.8 million atmospheres
2.0 million atmospheres
4.0 million atmospheres
52
The planets known as "gas giants" include Jupiter, Uranus, and
Earth
Mercury
Mars
Saturn
53
Unless a series of sedimentary rock layers has been overturned, the bottom rock layer usually
is the oldest
has the finest texture
contains the greatest variety of minerals
contains fossils
54
Rock layer A is inferred to be older than intrusion B because
parts of layer A were altered by intrusion B
layer A is composed of sedimentary rocks
parts of layer C were altered by intrusion B
layer B is located between layer A and layer C
55
Which plate boundary is a divergent boundary?
B
C
A
D
56
This star has a temperature of approximately 9,000ºC and luminosity 1-20 X greater than the Sun
Rigel
Sirius
Barnard's Star
Polaris
57
Which plate boundary is a convergent boundary?
B
C
D
A
58
A temperature of 80ºF would be approximately equal to how many degrees on the Celsius scale?
99ºC
34ºC
27ºC
178ºC
59
Compared to an inland location of the same elev. and lat., a coastal location is likely to have
cooler summers and warmer winters
warmer summers and cooler winters
cooler summers and cooler winters
warmer summers and warmer winters
60
What is the temperature at location A?
73ºF
50ºF
61F
44ºF
61
Using the temp reading from the sling psychrometer below, calculate the relative humidity.
42%
32%
20%
36%
62
A part of which zone of the Earth's interior is inferred to have a density of 10.0 g/cm
3
?
outer core
crust
mantle
inner core
63
Several "shooting stars" or meteors coming through Earth's atmosphere are known as ______.
meteoroids
meteors
meteorites
64
The primary cause of winds is the...
unequal heating of the Earth's atmosphere
uniform density of the atmosphere
rotation of the Earth
friction between the atmosphere and the lithosphere
65
Magnetic readings taken across mid-ocean ridges provides evidence that...
the ocean basins are older than the continents
the mid-ocean ridges are higher than the nearby plains
the sea-floor is spreading
Earth's rate of rotation has changed
66
What type of front is to the east of the low pressure center?
stationary front
warm front
cold front
occluded front
67
What type of air mass is at location X?
cT
cP
mP
mT
68
Which statement best explains the apparent daily motion of the stars around Polaris?
The Earth's orbit is an ellipse.
The Earth rotates on its axis.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
The Earth has the shape of an oblate spheroid.
69
The air pressure at the center of this low is...
1001 mb
994 mb
991 mb
997 mb
70
Which part of the visible light spectrum has the longest wavelength?
Green
Red
Violet
Orange
71
Features formed at plate boundaries where continental crust converges with oceanic crust are
volcanic mountain ranges parallel to coast on continents
ocean trench and continental volcanic mt. ranges near coast
underwater volcanic mt. range on the ocean ridge near coast
chains of mid-ocean volcanic island perpendicular to coast
72
The best evidence of crustal movement would be provided by...
marine fossils found on a mountaintop
weathered bedrock found at the bottom of a cliff
dinosaur tracks around in the surface bedrock
ripple marks found in sandy sediment
73
What is the dew point temp when the air temp is 18ºC and the wet-bulb temp is 13ºC?
6ºC
9ºC
25ºC
13ºC
74
We have daytime when the part of the Earth where we live is
blocked by the moon
not facing the sun
facing the sun
touching the sun
75
Which letter represents the age of the oldest rock?
Letter D
Letter C
Letter B
Letter A
76
An mT air mass would most likely originate over which type of Earth surface?
warm and moist
warm and dry
cold and dry
cold and moist
77
How does air circulate within a cyclone (low pressure area) in the Northern Hemisphere?
clockwise and toward the center of the cyclone
clockwise and away from the center of the cyclone
counterclockwise and toward the center of the cyclone
counterclockwise and away from the center of the cyclone
78
Which change in climate of Virginia would most likely increase chemical weathering of bedrock?
higher air pressure in summer
lower humidity in the winter
greater precipitation in summer
lower temperature in winter
79
In which group are the zones of the Earth's interior correctly arranged by increasing density?
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
outer core, inner core, mantle crust
inner core, outer core, mantle, curst
crust, mantle, inner core, outer core
80
Earth rotates on its ____ at a surface speed of approximately 0.5km/sec.
axis
orbit
gravity
equator
81
What could a huge undersea earthquake off the Alaskan coast produce?
tsunami
hurricane
cyclone
thunderstorm
82
A station is 4000 km from an earthquake epicenter. How long for the P-wave to arrive?
3 minutes 40 seconds
6 minutes 10 seconds
4 minutes 10 seconds
7 minutes
83
Which coastal area is most likely to experience a severe earthquake?
east coast of Australia
west coast of Africa
west coast of S America
east coast of N America
84
Who proposed the Theory of Continental Drift?
Harry Hess
Alfred Wegener
Albert Einstein
James Hutton
85
What is the wind velocity and direction?
Northwest at 20 knots
Southeast at 15 knots
Southeast at 10 knots
Northwest at 10 knots
86
What is the max size particle that can be carried by a stream with a velocity of 250 cm/sec?
9.0 cm
6.4 cm
0.0004 cm
0.01 cm
87
What least affects the rate at which particles are deposited by a stream?
velocity of the stream
size and shape of the particles
density of the particles
stream's elevation above sea level
88
What is the approximate length of time the Moon takes to travel around once in its orbit?
30 days
1 day
15 days
365 days
89
On the diagram below, what season is beginning in the Northern Hemisphere?
Summer
Winter
Fall
Spring
90
What weather variables are the following instruments used to measure?
wind direction and air pressure
air pressure and wind speed
relative humidity and wind speed
temperature and air pressure
91
As the gradient of a stream increases, the stream's ability to carry sediment
increases
remains the same
decreases
92
The Moon has more surface craters than Earth does because the Moon has
a stronger gravitational force
no significant atmosphere
a surface more sensitive to impacts
a smaller diameter than Earth
93
Wind moves from regions of...
high pressure toward regions of low pressure
high temp toward regions of low temp
high precipitation toward regions of low precipitation
high humidity toward regions of low humidity
94
Using the diagram below, what is the name of Planet A?
Mars
Jupiter
Venus
Mercury
95
What is the dew point temperature if the dry bulb temp is 10ºC and the wet bulb temp is 8ºC?
6ºC
1ºC
3ºC
-13ºC
96
Comets are composed of ____ left over from the formation of our solar system.
nickel
stone and iron
rock
dirty ice
97
How does air circulate within an anticyclone (High pressure area) over Virginia?
clockwise and toward the center of the anticyclone
counterclockwise and toward the center of the anticyclone
clockwise and away from the center of the anticyclone
counterclockwise and away from the center of the anticyclone
98
Which process most directly results in cloud formation?
condensation
transpiration
radiation
precipitation
99
What scale is used to classify hurricanes?
Beaufort Scale
Fujita Scale
Safari-Simpson Scale
Elizabeth Scale
100
It takes 50 sec for the P-wave to arrive at a station. How long would it take for the S-wave?
50 seconds
1 minute 40 seconds
4 minutes
6 minutes 40 seconds
101
The actual shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun is best described as
perfect circle
very eccentric ellipse
oblate spheroid
slightly eccentric ellipse
102
Besides S. America, what other landmass would you likely find fossil remains of Mesosaurus?
N America
Asia
Antarctica
Africa
103
Volcanoes are mainly located in...
the centers of landscape regions
zones in late stages of erosion
zones of crustal activity
the central regions of the continents
104
The primary cause of convection currents in Earth's mantle is believed to be caused by...
rotation of the Earth
occurrence of earthquakes
subsidence of crust
differences in densities of earth materials
105
Folded sedimentary rock layers are usually caused by...
a rise in sea level after deposition
deposition of sediments in folded layers
crustal movement occurring after deposition
differences in sediment density during deposition
106
The west coast of South America is best described as...
divergent plate boundary
convergent plate boundary
transform plate boundary
107
What can a stream flowing at a velocity of 100 centimeters per second transport?
pebbles
cobbles
boulders
none of the above
108
What is the name of the model of the Solar System show below?
Heliocentric Model
Heavenly Model
Geocentric Model
Ptolemaic Model
109
Which plate boundary is a transform boundary?
B
C
D
A
110
Why do clouds usually form at the leading edge of a cold air mass?
Cold air flows under warm air, causing warm air to rise/cool
Cold air contains more dust than warm air does.
Cold air contains more water vapor than warm air does.
Cold air flows over warm air, causing warm air to fall/cool
111
A balloon with instruments is released into the troposphere. As it rises, what will it indicate
decrease in both air temp and air pressure
decrease in air temp and increase in air pressure
increase in both air temp and air pressure
increase in air temp and decrease in air pressure
112
Which layer of the atmosphere experiences a decrease in temperature?
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
113
The surface of Venus is much hotter than would be expected. Which statement explains this?
Venus has a slow rate of rotation.
The clouds of Venus are highly reflective.
Venus has many active volcanoes.
The atmosphere of Venus contains a high % of carbon dioxide.
114
In Virginia, which day has the longest period of daylight?
September 21
March 21
June 21
December 21
115
Compared to Jupiter and Saturn, Venus and Mars have greater
mean distances from the Sun
equatorial diameters
orbital velocities
periods of revolutions
116
The Milky Way galaxy is best describes as
a region is space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
a type of solar system
a spiral-shaped formation composed of billions of stars
a constellation visible to everyone on Earth
117
Using the temp readings below, calculate the dew point.
-5ºC
3ºC
27ºC
15ºC
