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Test 2 - Human Dev
Test 2 - Human Dev
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1
More then __ of 1s grade classroom time was in math in Japan, compared w/ only __ of time in US
half; two-thirds
one-third; one-fourth
one-fourth; one-tenth
three-fourths; two-thirds
2
Delay gratification: when resisting a cookie 'cool thoughts' refer to
thoughts about penguins
thoughts that focus on the cookie
thoughts about ice cream
thoughts about anything other than the cookie
3
___ of children's daily caloric intake comes from restaurants.
one-fourth
over one-half
one-third
one-half
4
The leading cause of death in young children in the US is
domestic violence
accidents
heart disease
malnutrition
5
Justin thinks nothing he does works; Instead, he gives up. He may be at risk for a sense of
inferiority
shame and doubt
stagnation
identity diffusion
6
DJ thinks he'll be in trouble while Han knows his mom will understand Stage of moral reasoning?
DJ--context-specific morality; Han--universal law morality
DJ--autonomous morality; Han--heteronomous morality
DJ--heteronomous morality; Han--autonomous morality
DJ--universal law morality; Han--context-specific morality
7
In 1965, the gov began an effort to end poverty and poor education for young childs through:
Project Head Start
Maria Montessori Program
Emancipation Undertaking
Reggio Emilia Project
8
The __ is a phil. of education where children have freedom in choosing activities
homeschool principle approach
developmentally appropriate practice
child-centered kindergarten
Montessori approach
9
Self-control/inhibition, working memory, and flexibility are all dimensions of:
externalizing behaviors
executive function
kinesthetic frame of mind
crystallized intelligence
10
Parental approach where you are given freedom if you follow the rules
coregulation
unilateral control
boundary ambiguity
latchkey control
11
About __ of parents were abused themselves while they were young go on to abuse their children
two-thirds
one-third
three-quarters
one-half
12
Approx __ of lesbians and __ of gay men are parents
10%; 10%
10%; 20%
20%; 10%
20%; 20%
13
This theorist made four classifications of parenting
Montessori
Barmind
Erikson
Piaget
14
Organic intellectual disability is caused by:
traumatic experiences in early childhood
being raised by poorly educated parents
a genetic disorder or brain damage
an impoverished intellectual environment
15
Categories such as "Math is for boys and reading is for girls" that set up expectations for all
roles
stereotypes
identities
types
16
Gardner suggests there are __ "frames of mind" that we all have in varying degrees
eleven
four
six
eight
17
__ said children construct knowledge through socialness, while__ says children use adaptation
Montessori; Vygotsky
Vygotsky; Montessori
Piaget; Vygotsky
Vygotsky; Piaget
18
__ is a process where nerve cells are covered/insulated w/ a layer of fat cells
Neurogenesis
Myelination
Tropism
Centration
19
Across childhood and adolescence, research suggests that:
boys engage in more prosocial behavior
boys show more kindness than girls
boys are more likely to share than girls
girls engage in more prosocial behavior
20
Which of the following is False regarding stepfamilies?
~1/2 of kids w/divorced parents have a stepparent 4yrs after
There are more infants/preschool children in stepfamilies
Divorce is 10% more likely in remarriage
Only 1/3 of stepfamily couples remain married
21
Ally knows she'll need a bigger bag before she finishes packing, this shows she's capable of
reflex actions
operations
hypotheses
symbolic functions
22
Lucas and Sophia always check w/ ea other for parenting decisions. They're practicing:
timeout techniques
co-parenting
positive punishment
cooperative development
23
Piaget's cognitive devel. theory says concrete operational stage lasts from approx. ____ yrs/o
7 to 11
5 to 7
3 to 5
10 to 13
24
Noah is used to throwing fits when mad, but now he's learning to ask for help. He's developing:
initiative
guilt
emotion regulation
moral reasoning
25
Gilligan(caring perspective) criticizes Kholberg's theory of moral development because
Kholberg underestimated family relationships' contribution
It's a male norm n puts abstract ideas above relationships
it doesnt recognize high-lvl moral reasoning in some culture
theres emphasis on moral thought instead of moral behavior
26
Between the ages 6 n 11 years, a child's vocab size typically grows from:
14,000 to 40,000 words
5,000 to 200,000 words
10,000 to 100,000 words
5,000-10,000 words
27
Preschool children mainly describe themselves in all of these terms Except:
material possessions
body attributes
physical activities
psychological traits
28
Poor emotion reg, attachment, and peer relations problems are all consequences of:
fathers as caregivers
child maltreatment
step-parenting
poor genetics
29
Which of the following was Not one of the criteria that characterize gifted children?
marching to their own drummer
precocity
a passion to master
easily bored
30
If Bob's mental age is eight, but his chron. age is nine, we would say his IQ is:
below average
above average
average
unable to be determined with the information given
31
In preoperations where children use primitive reasoning and want to know answers to everything.
symbolic function
rationalization
intuitive thought
egocentric
32
Sal's mom wants him to be happy and usually gives in & do what he wants. She's most likely an:
neglectful parent
authoritarian parent
authoritative parent
indulgent parent
33
Bo knows if stick A is longer then B and B is longer then C, then A is longer then C. This is:
transivity
classification
transduction
seriation
34
Which is the largest group of kids w/ disabilities to receive special education in 2011-12
Students with a learning disability
Students with emotional disturbance
Students with intellectual disability
Students with speech or language impairments
35
Children look about after doing wrong, thinkin a broken rule=quick justice shows the concept of
guilt and shame
authoritative justice
heteronomous justice
Immanent justice
36
Which plays a role in planning/organizing new actions and maintaining attention to tasks?
amygdala
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
bilateral cortex
37
The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and the perspective of another
centration
egocentrism
38
After bumping into the refrigerator Alayna apologized to it. This is an example of
conservation
egocentrism
kineticism
animism
39
When both rows have the same amount but one is more spread out, so the child thinks it has more
animism
conservation
pragmatics
centration
40
Juan says "In my house, my word is law." his parenting style is probably:
authoritarian
neglectful
authoritative
indulgent
41
Reference to selfworth are global evaluations called__ domainspecific evaluations are called__
self-regulation; self-efficacy
self-concept; self-esteem
self-esteem; self-concept
self-efficacy; self-regulation
42
Bo is on the autism spectrum, his teacher met up to update his ____, or education adjustments
individualized education plan (IEP)
exclusive education plan (EEP)
tailored education plan (TEP)
disabilities education plan (DEP)
43
Nearly _____ students had experienced bullying as either a victim or perpetrator.
three of every four
two of every three
one of every three
one of every two
44
Sternberg: some1 who scores high on IQ tests and school grades, is also high in __ intelligence
comprehension
practical
analytical
creative
45
By the time they enter first grade, it is estimated that children know about ___ words.
5,000
8,000
1,200
14,000
46
The question "How many different uses for a newspaper can you come up with?" is a test of:
productive thinking
divergent thinking
convergent thinking
expressive thinking
47
The recent accountability initiative for schools that replaces the No Child Left Behind Act
Project Headstart
ESSA
NCLB
48
Knowing to do your work before you play is an example of:
self-regulation
self-concept
self-efficacy
self-esteem
49
Marj cries bc she lost a game, her mom tells her to leave until she 'acts right'. Her mom is an
emotion-criticizing parent
emotion-coaching parent
emotion-blind parent
emotion-dismissing parent
50
ADHD is a disability where a child consistently shows any/all of the following except
impulsivity
inattention
intellectual disabilities
hyperactivity
51
The age a child wants to try things& has surplus energy to explore/play. Erikson says he's in
trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs shame and doubt
industry vs inferiority
initiative vs guilt
52
It's recommended that children 2-4yo spend no more then ____ of screentime
30 minutes
3 hours
1 hour
2 hours
53
Theory of__ refers to awareness of presence/distinction between mental processes in them/others
mind
consciousness
executive functioning
duality
54
Elise is immature has trouble interacting socially&has a poor esteem/outlook on life. Probs has
neglectful parents
authoritarian parents
indulgent parents
authoritative parents
55
___ children with a learning disability have a reading problem
no
all
few
most
56
Erikson's 4th stage, appearing during mid and late childhood, is called:
industry versus inferiority
autonomy versus shame and doubt
trust versus mistrust
initiative versus guilt
57
In the context of the size of same-sex groups of kids, from 5yo onward:
girls are more likely to participate in planned group games
girls are more likely to engage in rough-and-tumble play
boys are more likely to play in dyads or triads.
boys are more likely to associate together in large clusters
58
Most children have a sense of being female or male by about __ years of age.
five
four
one
three
59
Which of the following is the second leading cause of death in US children 5-14 years of age?
cardiovascular disease
motor vehicle accidents
drowning
cancer
60
Vol thinks productively& reviews connects, reflects to evaluate evidence. She's engaging in:
cognitive monitoring
control processes
critical thinking
metacognition
61
Gender__ a sense of one's own gender; gender__ the expectations about how gender shapes someone
identity; roles
schema; types
type; schema
role; identities
62
Most 2-4yo children are watching tv approximately ___ hours per day
6 to 7
5 to 6
2 to 4
8 to 10
63
All of the following are reasons for avoiding spanking and sim. punishments Except:
punishment shows children not to do but doesn't give altern.
spanking is a release for parents & allows them to calm down
punishment can instill fear, rage, and avoidance in children
spanking/yelling show children it's a way to handle conflict
64
A child decides not to break a rule to not get in trouble what lvl of moral development is this
Formal Conventional reasoning
Preconventional reasoning
Postconventional reasoning
Conventional reasoning
65
Dual-language instruction, formerly known as bilingual education, involves:
two teachers speaking the same language at the same time
speaking only English during instruction
teacher speaks both English and native language of learner
using both direct and indirect instruction in the classroom
66
Peak thickness of cerebral cortex occurs___ in a child w/ ADHD than in a child w/o ADHD
in infancy
three years earlier
two years earlier
in adulthood
67
Self understanding: Late childhood is more likely then early childhood to:
use outer states to describe themselves
compare themselves with others
use physical characteristics to describe themselves
refrain from social comparison
68
Piaget: in the ___ stage, the child's world is dominated by egocentrism and magical beliefs
concrete operational
formal operational
preoperational
operational
69
Which is true of children in the preschool years?
Boys and girls have similar/significant muscle tissue
Girls and boys have similar/significant fatty tissue
Girls have more muscle tissue, boys have more fatty tissue
Boys have more muscle tissue, girls have more fatty tissue
70
At 6yo, Gina's BMI is in the 95th percentile. According to the CDC she would be classified as:
obese
at risk for being overweight
not at risk for being overweight
overweight
71
Sternberg's triarchic theory and Gardner's theory of intelligence are ex of the idea that:
intelligence is a general ability
intelligence consists of a # of specific abilities
culture playsan important rolein development of intelligence
there are three types of intelligence
72
Among types of sociometric status, ___&___ children are not nominated as someone's best friend.
rejected; neglected
rejected; controversial
neglected; controversial
rejected; average
73
___ are usually the ones who organize the family environment and monitor a child's behavior
fathers
mothers
babysitters
grandmothers
74
What percentage of the pop. has an IQ between 85-115 on the normal distribution scale?
68%
89%
72%
44%
75
The most common form of child maltreatment is:
physical abuse
child neglect
sexual abuse
emotional abuse
76
The __theory of gender says the preschool child has sexual attraction to opposite-sex parent
social role
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
social cognitive
77
Many children grow up w/ praise for mediocre/poor work. What could be a consequence of this?
Tend to undervalue rewards assertiveness and ambition bring
Increasingly prone to delinquency and truancy
Increased self-esteem produces better school performance
May get upset easily if they lose or are critiqued
78
The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes is called:
self-efficacy
self-confidence
self-concept
self-esteem
79
If intelligence is normally distributed, which would you expect to find in the overall pop.
More people of low intelligence than of moderate or high
More people of high intelligence then of moderate or low
More people of moderate intelligence then high or low
More people of high intelligence than of low
80
Which statement about peer groups and interactions in middle/late childhood is True?
The size of peer group decreases with the age of the child
Thru middle/late childhood peer groups are more supervised
Middle/late childhood spend approx. 30% of time w/ peers
Children under 12 prefer mixed-sex peer groups to same-sex
81
When individuals deliberately shift their attention from one item to another, they're showing
delayed gratification
goal setting
cognitive inhibition
cognitive flexibility
82
Of adolescence in longterm stepfamilies, ___ say they're close/very close w/ their step parents
50 to 75 percent
10 to 25 percent
25 to 50 percent
more than 75 percent