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Biology EOC Review #2 Flashcards | StudBud
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Biology EOC Review #2
Biology EOC Review #2
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1
What function does ATP carry out in living things?
helps maintain the fluidity of cell membranes
aids in protein folding and coiling
identifies DNA start sequences for transcription
Stores and transfers energy
2
Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?
Transcription
Translocation
Replication
Translation
3
Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?
vacuole- cell division
ribosome- protein synthesis
nucleus- storage of nutrients
mitochondria- movement
4
Which explains how the stomata of a leaf is used in processes that occur in plants?
Water enters at the surface of the leaf for transpiration
CO2 enters plant through the stomata for cell reproduction
Gases in photosynthesis are exchanged through the stomata
Energy for cellular reproduction is absorbed through stomata
5
Which line on the graph represents a catalyzed reaction?
blue
red
Both red and blue
non of the above
6
Which set of parents can most likely produce a child with type O blood?
parent with type AB blood, the other parent with type A blood
parent homozygous type A, the other parent with homozygous type B
one parent heterozygous type A, the other parent type O blood
parent with type AB blood, the other parent with type O blood
7
In pure water, animal cells swell/burst, plants will not. What is responsible for difference?
cell wall
nucleus
mitochondrion
cell membrane
8
If 20% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, what % of the sample is made up of cytosine,C?
30%
50%
35%
15%
9
According to the cladogram shown, which organisms are most closely related?
Exosperman and Bubbia
Belliolum and Bubbia
Exosperman and Tasmania
Belliolum and Drinys
10
Antibodies are primarily composed of amino acids, to which biomolecule would antibodies belong?
Nucleic Acid
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
11
If a cell’s lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur?
cell would produce more proteins than it needs.
cell would have chloroplasts that appear yellow not green.
cell is less able to regulate amount of fluid in cytoplasm.
cell would be less able to breakdown molecules in cytoplasm.
12
In what phase does Cross-Over occur?
Prophase- mitosis
Mitosis 1- Meiosis 1
Prophase 1 Meiosis 1
Metaphase- Mitosis
13
Who is the best biology teacher in the universe?
Bill Nye
Ms. Frizzle
Mr. Rupp
David Attenborough
14
This is a plant cell. Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure?
B
I
J
L
15
What could happen if the grasshoppers are killed off?
Owl pop. will grow
Shrew pop. will grow
Blackberry pop. will grow
Rabbit pop. will grow
16
What is the relationship between these three structures?
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.
Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell.
DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell.
17
A plant lives in area with limited sunlight. Which adaptation would be most useful to plant?
thin cuticle
colorful flowers
large leaves
deep roots
18
“Cell” is permeable to water only & has 0.3M glucose and environ. has 0.1M glucose, whats true?
The “cell” will decrease in volume
would be a net movement of water out of the “cell.”
would be a net movement of water into the “cell.”
Glucose will enter the “cell.”
19
What does A, B, C represent?
A-Carrying Capacity B-Prey C-Predator
A- prey B-predator C- carrying capacity
A- Predator B-Prey C- carrying capacity
20
Which type of reproduction leads to increased genetic variation on a population?
Parthenogenesis
Vegetative reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
21
The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms. What is the name of this?
meiosis
mitosis
phagocytosis
enodcytosis
22
In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
Cell respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.
Photosynthesis releases energy, while cell respiration stores energy.
Cell respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.
Photosynthesis used CO2, while cellular respiration produces CO2
23
Which macromolecule contains nitrogenous bases?
Nucleic Acid
Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
24
What is something this type of cell has in common with all other cells?
Ribosomes
Cell Wall
A nucleus
Membrane-Bound organelles
25
What is the function of Lyosomes?
Photosynthesis
Makes lipids, degrades fats, and inactivates toxins
Digests, recycles materials with enzymes
Organizes and moves internal parts of the cell
26
What is the one thing that can take carbon out of the oceans and atmosphere?
Animals-Cell Respiration
Plants-Photosynthesis
Humans- Burning/Digging Up fossil fuels and Deforestation
27
In this image you see DNA and its nucleotides; How do RNA nucleotides differ?
They contain ATCG
They contain Uracil instead of Thymine
They are the same
They are magical
28
Which of the following describes a result of mitosis but NOT meiosis?
four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell
two stages of cell division
daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
replication of cellular genetic material
29
Rough ER
Modifies new polypeptide chains and synthesizes lipids
Communication junction between adjoining cells
Digests, recycles materials
Assembly of subunits of ribosomes
30
Central Vacuole
only found in plant cells for storage of waste and water
Modifies and packs lipids to ship out
ATP formation
Proteins synthesis
31
What happens to the available energy as you move up this energy pyramid? Why?
Increases, Lost as heat
Lowers, energy gained by sun
Increases, gained by sun
Lowers, lost as heat
32
Which phase of mitosis is shown in the picture?
Telophase
Metaphase
Prophase
Anaphase
33
What is the name of the attachment point between sister chromatids in a chromosome?
Membranes
Centrioles
Spindle
Centromere
34
The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Will this change the phenotype?
No, even though it changed it has the same A.A
yes, because any change will change the phenotype
It is impossible to determine
yes, due to new A.A
35
This monomer builds a macromolecule that is responsible for..
storing energy
storing genetic information
composing the majority of the cell membrane
catalyzing
36
Which of the following macromolecules are part of animal tissues that insulate/conserve heat?
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
37
Homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Which correctly describes the process?
condensation and segregation of alleles
segregation of sister chromatid
mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered
crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged
38
The name of this process is..
Transcripts
Transcription
Translator
Translation
39
Which of the following phrases best describes cancer?
multiple gene mutations on a chromosome of DNA
uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations
absence of cyclins in the DNA
presence of genetic defects caused by hereditary disorders
40
There is an error in the DNA in which molecule?
segment 2 & 3
segment 2 & 4
segment 1 only
segment 3 only
41
The function of the Mitochondrion is...
Stucturally supports and gives shape to the cell
Digests and recycles materials
Photosynthesis
Cell respiration
42
Na+ ions are being pumped from a low concentration to a high concentration. Type of transport
facilitated diffusion
passive transport
active transport
co-transport
43
What are the results of this process?
Mitotic diploid cells
One molcule that is half of the other
2 of the same molecules
2 molecules that differ
44
Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos shown in the diagram?
organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults
organisms belong to the same genus
organisms are native to the same geographic areas
organisms share a common ancestry.
45
Which statement below most closely explains the link between jaw size and hominid evolution?
jaws of hominids evolved to be larger and more protruding
jaws of hominids evolved to be smaller and less protruding
There appears to be no change in the jaws of hominids
jaws changed over time due to change in brain size
46
Which is NOT part of Darwin's observations that describes the mechanisms of natural selection?
Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.
Disease and natural disaster will limit population growth.
Species today descended with modifications from ancestor
Organisms with advantages will survive and reproduce
47
Which process do the animals in the food web use to convert energy from food into ATP?
transcription
cell respiration
photosynthesis
osmosis
48
Digestion of cellulose is done by cellulase and E.coli in your gut, what is this an example of?
Commensalisn
Parasitism
Muatualism
49
What controls movement of materials in/out of cell and contains a double layer of phospholipid?
Nucleus
Cell wall
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell membrane
50
A specific type of cell is being studied, the cell contains a nucleus & cell wall. It is a...
Prokaryotic bacteria cell
Eukaryotic plant cell
Eukaryotis bacteria cell
Prokaryotic Animal cell
51
Explain how the Law of Conservation of Energy applies to this living system.
10% of E is transfered, but 90% dissapears
10% of the E is transfered and the other 90% is heat
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, 90% E stays in chain
90% of heat is transferred into the enviro. to be blown up
52
A pair of calves that have the same parents exhibit some diff. Which explains these variations
gene linkage
independent assortment
sex linkage
dominance
53
This is an animal cell, what is the one organelle this cell has that others do not?
Centromeres
Chloroplasts
Centrioles
Mitochondria
54
When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for a certain population, which is true?
Growth and immigration rate is = to death and emigration
Growth and immigration rate is > death and emigration
Growth rate is exponential
Growth and immigration rate is < death and emigration
55
Which macro-molecule is NOT involved in the cell (plasma) membrane?
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
56
Species "X" produces CO2 and H2O. Species "Y" produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which is true?
Both species X and Y are aerobic
Only species Y is anaerobic.
Only species Y is aerobic.
Both species X and Y are anaerobic
57
Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins?
2
4
3
1
58
Which best describes the role of enzymes in a chemical reaction?
absorb excess energy
release unused energy
increase the reaction rate
regulate product reactivity
59
Mushrooms are a type of fungus. What characteristic of fungi makes them different from plants?
Fungi are heterotrophic.
Fungi have cell walls.
Fungi are multicellular
Fungal cells are eukaryotic.
60
Using the data table, which solution would represent the control in this experiment?
Solution C
Solution A
Solution B
Solution D
61
There are similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which structure is in both?
Ribosome
Lysome
Nucleus
Mitochondria
62
1. bacteria 2. viruses 3. eukaryotic 4. prokaryotic Which have organelles?
2 & 4
3 only
1 & 2
4 only
63
Particles move from high to low concentration & use a carrier protein= what type of Transport?
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
simple osmosis
64
What can you conclude about the effect of the concentration of carbon on photosynthesis?
photosynthsis will increase constantly with increased CO2
photosynthsis doesnt use CO2, it uses O2
photosyn increases w/ increased CO2 from point A to B
Photosynthesis increases along point c
65
According to this graph, what can you predict about Light Intensity and Photosynthesis?
there is no photosynthesis occuring when in light
Too much light at a high intensity can damage chloroplasts
light intensity has no effect
The rate of photosynthesis is constant
66
Cell is permeable to sucrose, glucose, and water but impermeable to starch. Which is correct?
There will be no net movement of glucose.
Glucose will diffuse into the “cell.”
Sucrose will diffuse into the “cell.”
Starch will diffuse out of the “cell.”
67
What does the phopholipid bilayer do for the cell?
allows everything to get into the cell
creates a semi-permeable membrane
creates a hydrophilic exterior and hydrophobic interior
creates solely a hydrophobic exterior
68
What does B, C, D represent?
B-logistic C-exponential D- carrying capacity
B-exponential C- logistic D-carrying capacity
B- exponential C- carrying capacity D- logistic
69
Water stuck to the windshield is an example of what?
Adhesion
Viscosity
Covalent bonding
Cohesion
70
What is the function of the Nucleolus?
Packs/ships lipids to export for insertion into the membrane
protein Synthesis
Assembly of sub-units of ribosomes
Controls the sustances going inside and out of the cell
71
Which is not a statement of the cell theory?
Cells are formed by spontaneous gen
All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
cells come from other preexisting cells
72
How does comparing the skeletons of these animals provide support for the theory of evolution?
shows possible chromosomal similarities
shows possible common ancestry between
provides information to determine the organisms' ages
provides information about the organisms' habitats
73
How many amino acids are coded for by this segment? 5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'
8
4
20
12
74
The enzyme catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide in H2O & O2. During the reaction, the catalase
is used up
is unchanged
is formed into a new enzyme
is changed into a product
75
Which choice describes DNA after replication has taken place?
two molecules, each with two new strands
two molecules, each with one original and one new strand
two molecules, each with two old strands
one molecule=2 original strands & one molecule=2 new strands
76
•What is the optimal pH for the enzymeSalivary Amylase?
11
9
7
5
77
Which mechanisms is used by the bacteria to pump antibiotics out of their cells?
active transport
osmosis
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
78
Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water, but they do not break the surface.How?
Insects feet are non-polar and reflect the polar molecules
Insects are smll enough to see actual water molecules
Insects use their wings to hover over the water
Insects are light enough they dont break H+ bonds between H2O molecules
79
Which of these represents a carbohydrate?
3
4
1
2
80
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?
energy transformed in cell respiration is used to power photosynthesis
Energy is not involved in either
Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy
energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cell respiration
81
Which row in the chart below indicates the correct process for each event indicated?
Row 4
Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
82
What do you call it when molecules move from a high to low concentration?
exotyosis
endocytosis
active transport
passive transport
83
Plant 2 produced asexually from Plant 1. Plant 1 has 56 chromosomes, how many chromosomes in 2?
56
28
112
14
84
Based on the info in the cladogram below, which trait would be observed in ray-finned fish?
amniotic egg
hair
bony skeleton
four limbs
85
What is a difference between Primary and Secondary Succession?
Primary is the first build up of rocks
Dustbowl is an example of how great we treat our Earth
Secondary starts with soil and takes less time
Climax Communities
86
Given the below scenario, where will water move, and what will happen to the cell?
Salt will move into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell.
H2O will move into the cell, resulting in a larger cell.
H2O will move into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell.
Salt will move into the cell, resulting in a larger cell.
87
Hemophilia is sex-linked/recessive- Man w/ no hemophilia X Woman<<DAD HAS IT. Which is true?
Each of their sons will have hemophilia.
Their sons have a 25% chance of having hemophilia.
None of their daughters will have hemophilia.
50% chance that their daughters will have hemophilia.
88
Observe # of producers, primary, secondary, & tertiary consumer, Which has the least amt of Energy?
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Producers
Tertiary Consumer
89
Which of the following phases of mitosis is represented by the diagram?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
90
Shows a pedigree for a recessive genetic disorder. What is the genotype of individual 6?
X Y
X* X
X* X*
X* Y
91
Which statement can be inferred from the evolutionary tree?
Species 5 is most closely related to Species 6.
Species 3 is most closely related to Species 7.
Species 2 is most closely related to Species 3.
Species 1 is most closely related to Species 8.
92
Which best describes how enzymes function in the body?
Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions.
Enzymes are converted into products by catalyzation
An enzyme is used once and thendestroyed by the cell.
Oneenzyme can catalyze many different reactions
93
Both lipids and carbohydrates are important in animal cells because both –
Form Cell walls
Contain Energy
Contain Nitrogen
Provide Insulation
94
The individuality of an organism is determined by the
position of the ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum
number of amino acids in a cell
sequence of nitrogenous bases in deoxyribonucleic acid
number of nitrogenous bases in a codon
95
What does Independent Assortment and Crossing Over do for your cells?
It creates more similar sex cells
It makes the cells similar so you can identify them
It creates different gene combinations more variation
It makes it harder to reproduce cells
96
Which molecules store and transmit genetic information?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
97
Which is likely responsible for changes that led to larger size, strength, & speed in horses?
Evolution by natural selection
Commensalism
Mirgation
Inbreeding
98
Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?
both plant and animal cells
animals only
plants only
bacteria
99
According to the phylogenetic tree, which organisms are least related to each other?
Insecta and Myriapoda
Trilobita and Chelicerata
Insecta and Crustacea
Trilobita and Insecta
100
Tall= dominant. Two heterozygous tall plants crossed, what % of offspring expected to be tall?
50%
75%
25%
100%
