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2025 AP Psych Exam Review #2 Flashcards | StudBud
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2025 AP Psych Exam Review #2
2025 AP Psych Exam Review #2
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1
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
antagonists
dissociation
tolerance
2
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
3
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
modes
outliers
normally distributed
4
which is an example of an implicit/procedural memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
5
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
6
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
7
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
say a sentence
write with a pencil
clap their hands
8
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
standard deviation
mean
median
9
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
10
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
personalities
daily activities
11
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
12
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed variable
13
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
14
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
habituation
discrimination
assimilation
15
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
a probability of chance less than 5%
16
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
17
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
18
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
content validity
predictive validity
19
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
sleep spindles
delta waves
alpha waves
20
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
make new friends
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
21
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
22
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
23
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
24
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
25
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
attachment
parenting style
motor development
26
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
27
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
situational
external
fundamental
28
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
hearing
balance
sight
29
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
James-Lange theory of emotion
30
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
planning for the future
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
31
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
32
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
longitudinal study
developmental study
cross-sectional study
33
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
34
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
early gross motor practice
35
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
36
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
hypothalamus
pons
37
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
38
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
39
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
40
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
41
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
42
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
long-term potentiation
43
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
44
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
45
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : increase
remove : punish
add : decrease
remove : decrease
46
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
47
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
overconfidence
a theory
hindsight bias
48
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
single blind study
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
49
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
50
light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
iris
fovea
retina
51
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
52
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
53
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
optic nerve
rods
cones
54
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
sublimation
latent learning
modeling
55
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
amygdala
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebellum
56
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
57
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
humanist
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
58
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
59
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
difference threshold
bottom up processing
60
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
IQ test
achievement test
EQ test
61
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
framing effects
62
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
63
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
64
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
65
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
66
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
assignment to conditions
random assignment
random sampling
representative assignment
67
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
linear perspective
closure
retinal disparity
68
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
cognitive
trait
psychoanalytic
69
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
adrenaline
acetylcholine
dopamine
70
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
71
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
72
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
73
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
short-term memory
74
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
75
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
stepping
Babinski
Moro
76
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
observational learning
77
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
cognitive
78
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
79
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
80
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
81
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
82
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
68
50
95
83
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
partial
secondary
continuous