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2025 AP Psych Exam Review #2 Flashcards | StudBud
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2025 AP Psych Exam Review #2
2025 AP Psych Exam Review #2
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1
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
2
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
3
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
4
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
5
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
pens, pencils, and a computer
6
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
7
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
8
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
eat a meal
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
9
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
10
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
11
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
12
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
13
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
14
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
15
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
16
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
17
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
18
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
19
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
20
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
self-serving bias
overconfidence
hindsight bias
21
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
developmental study
social-cognitive study
22
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
motor development
attachment
parenting style
23
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
hippocampus
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
24
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
fundamental
external
internal
25
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebellum
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
26
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
27
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
episodic memory
recall
28
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
29
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
30
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
semantic encoding
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
31
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
Babinski
Moro
stepping
32
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
framing effects
inattentional blindness
33
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
34
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
evolutionary
cognitive
psychodynamic
35
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
procedural memory
36
the limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
planning for the future
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
37
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
achievement test
EQ test
IQ test
38
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
say a sentence
39
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
40
which structure is part of the inner ear
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
basilar membrane
41
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
personalities
daily activities
42
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
43
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebellum
amygdala
44
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
assimilation
discrimination
habituation
45
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
variances
modes
outliers
46
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
47
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
48
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
cornea
cones
rods
49
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
dissociation
activation-synthesis
antagonists
50
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
51
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
remove : decrease
52
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict
53
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
sight
hearing
balance
54
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
gate-control theory
55
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
Broca's area
Gage's area
56
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
humanist
trait
57
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
content validity
predictive validity
58
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
serotonin
adrenaline
acetylcholine
59
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
partial
secondary
continuous
60
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
sleep spindles
alpha waves
delta waves
61
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
62
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
single blind study
63
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
modeling
latent learning
64
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
continuous
variable interval
fixed variable
65
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
68
84
50
66
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
range
mean
standard deviation
67
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
68
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
69
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
trait
cognitive
humanistic
70
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
71
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
72
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
73
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
74
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
75
which is an example of an implicit/procedural memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
76
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
77
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
retina
blind spot
iris
78
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reward : punishment
79
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
80
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
81
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
82
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
convergence
closure
retinal disparity
83
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
experiment
case study
naturalistic observation