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Organizational Behavior - Test 2 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Organizational Behavior - Test 2 Review
Organizational Behavior - Test 2 Review
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1
Which of the following is synonymous with eustress?
healthy stress
unhealthy stress
productivity
performance
2
What is an organizational cost of distress?
medical illness
performance loss
interpersonal conflicts
sabotage
3
What does scientific management emphasize?
standard-hour wage payment systems
definition of management authority
work simplification
worker training for increased job responsibilities
4
Which of the following is not a level of emotional labor?
Surface acting
Deep acting
Genuine acting
Superficial acting
5
What does job specialization entail?
Moving employees from job to job
Giving employees more control
Breaking down jobs into simple components
Enlarging the scope of a job
6
What is 'Task Identity' as per the Job Characteristics Model?
Freedom to decide how to perform tasks
Degree to which people learn how effective they are at work
Extent to which a job requires different skills
Degree a person is in charge of completing a work from start to finish
7
What may develop when one's attitudes and required job behaviour conflict?
cognitive dissonance
attitude consonance
affect
behavioural tendency
8
What conveys as much as 65 to 90 percent of the content of a message?
tone of voice
written forms of communication
numeric examples
nonverbal communication
9
What is role ambiguity?
confusion from a situation where expectations of two roles conflict
confusion a person has in reconciling job demands and personal values
confusion stemming from conflicting expectations within a single role
confusion one experiences related to the expectations of others
10
In the context of a communication message, what does "richness" refer to?
the number of analyzable elements in the message
the ability of the medium to evoke meaning
the amount of feeling that is communicated
the amount of data that can be sent via the medium
11
In your textbook, The Case of American Express demonstrates that ....
Emotional Contagion affects sales people more than others
Work-Family Conflict significantly interferes in work productivity
cognitive dissonance can affect sales
EI is the reason that some sale people sell more than others
12
What does the limbic system primarily manage in humans?
Language processing
Emotions
Cognitive functions
Motor skills
13
How can liking bias be mitigated in appraisals?
By journaling performance incidents throughout the year.
By rating all employees as average.
By avoiding any interpersonal relationships at work.
By promoting only liked employees.
14
What is one key advantage of job rotation?
It leads to job specialization
It increases job monotony
It decreases the skill requirements of a job
It facilitates the acquisition of new skills
15
Which of the following is NOT true about selective perception?
is the process of filtering what we see and hear for our own needs
it is usually unconscious
it is usually accurate
it saves time
16
What is the role of ACTH in the stress response?
It activates the parasympathetic nervous system
It decreases heart rate and blood pressure
It prompts the adrenal glands to release cortisol
It suppresses the immune system
17
You are a supervisor who needs to communicate with several employees about unsatisfactory work. What is the best way?
a memo posted on a bulletin board
a face-to-face meeting
a text
an e-mail message
18
What is an effective method for reducing or overcoming communication barriers resulting from gender differences?
using frequent metaphors
using face-to-face communication
seeking clarification of meaning
using more technical terms with precise meanings
19
What is a feature of work that flows according to Csikszentmihalyi?
Repetition
Competence
Boredom
Randomness
20
Which of the following is not a consideration of cross cultural negotiation?
The Planned Agenda
Effective Communication
The US Position
Cultural Differences
21
What is the key to managing job challenges in relation to stress?
Keeping challenges in activation stage and avoiding the exhaustion stage
Increasing the number of challenges to build resilience
Avoiding all challenges
Addressing challenges only in the exhaustion stage
22
What is active listening ?
Thinking of a "Comeback"
Asking questions to clarify what's being said
Looking elsewhere
Closing eyes, while thinking of pizza
23
Which of these practices can help in reducing employee stress?
Unclear expectations
Giving employees autonomy
Increasing workload
Creating a toxic workplace
24
What is the "corporate athlete" approach to stress management?
Turning distress into eustress by better nutrition, training, and attitudes
Ignoring stress until it goes away
Taking medication to lower stress levels
Only working in non-stressful environments
25
When a receiver understands the meaning of the sender's message, what is this process?
giving feedback
encoding
decoding
creating the message
26
What is cognitive dissonance?
Comfort felt due to aligning beliefs and attitudes
Discomfort caused due to mismatch among emotions, attitudes, beliefs, and b
Discomfort caused due to matching emotions and behaviors
A type of mental illness
27
the main issue in The Case of Radio Shack was ...
the way in which they terminated their employees
the way that they spoke to their employees
the way their website portrayed employees
the way that they provided benefits to employees
28
In the Job Characteristics Model, what does 'Feedback' refer to?
The degree to which people learn how effective they are at work
The extent to which a job affects others' well-being
The freedom to perform tasks
The degree to which a person is in charge of completing a task
29
In the Job Characteristics Model, how are the five job characteristics supposed to affect an employee?
They result in higher salary expectations
They result in three critical psychological states
They result in less feedback
They result in increased job dissatisfaction
30
What is the first step in the Management by Objectives (MBO) process?
Periodically reviewing performance and revising goals
Developing an action plan
Determining team- and department-level goals
Setting companywide goals derived from corporate strategy
31
What part of the brain initiates the fight-or-flight response?
The hypothalamus
The adrenal gland
The amygdala
The pituitary gland
32
Cross-cultural communication in business can be improved by
Googling music types preferred by Asians
Studying business culture in Japan
Learning a foreign language AND culture
Learning a foreign language
33
What medium is considered high in rich information?
telephone
flyer
electronic mail
personalized memo
34
________ is when an employee will actively try to experience the emotion they are displaying
Deep Acting
Management Acting
Genuine Acting
Surface Acting
35
How is 'Autonomy' defined in the Job Characteristics Model?
Extent to which a job requires the use of different skills
Degree to which a person's job affects others
Degree of freedom to decide how to perform tasks
Degree to which a person learns their effectiveness at work
36
What does communication technology significantly limit or eliminate?
dominant communication
nonverbal communication
nondefensive communication
written communication
37
In Job Characteristics Model, what is the importance of 'Autonomy' and 'Feedback' in calculating motivating potential
They are equally important as other factors
They are more important than other factors
They are less important than other factors
They have no role in calculating motivating potential
38
Why might job enrichment sometimes cause dissatisfaction among employees?
They want more specialized tasks
They prefer job rotation
They may not desire more control over their work
They expect shorter working hours
39
What percentage of meaning in a message can be conveyed by nonverbal communication?
10 to 20
65 to 90
45 to 70
25 to 40
40
Leniency is a problem with appraisals because...
It makes it more difficult to hire family
It makes it easier for employees to change their behaviour
It makes ratings useless for determining raises, bonuses, or promotions
It forces managers to use absolute ratings
41
Which of these is a strategy organizations can use to maintain work-life balance for employees?
Increasing work hours
Flexibility in scheduling
Banning family-related discussions at work
Ignoring employees' family life
42
Why is the emotional element of a digital message difficult to assess?
because of the short length of most messages
because of the lack of nonverbal cues
because of the anonymity
because the receiver can't decode the message
43
What does Emotional Intelligence involve?
Increasing the gaps between real emotions and the ones required by professi
Understanding and managing one's own and others' emotions
Measuring one's intellectual capability
Manipulating other's emotions for personal gain
44
What does cortisol do in a fight or flight situation?
It increases heart rate and blood pressure
It stimulates the immune response
It inhibits insulin production to favor immediate glucose use
It promotes blood flow to the digestive system
45
What best exemplifies an employee assistance program?
an aftercare program for drug-addicted employees
a first-level or primary stress prevention approach
an organizational approach to stress prevention
a prevention approach to relieve or reduce stress
46
What does structural empowerment refer to?
The inability to perform tasks without close supervision.
The hierarchal structure of a company.
Aspects of work that give employees discretion.
The personal feelings of empowerment.
47
A secretary is given responsibility and signature authority for certain types of correspondence. What has occurred?
The job has been horizontally loaded
The job has been rotated
The job has been enlarged
The job has been enriched
48
What are the three steps in which stress affects an individual according to Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
Alarm, fight or flight, and recovery
Fight or flight, resistance, and recovery
Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
Alarm, avoidance, and adaptation
49
What is distress as referred to by Hans Selye?
Stress that leads to disease
Stress that is enjoyable or healing
The stage of resistance in the General Adaptation Syndrome
The state of relaxation after a stressful event
50
What is one possible method of dealing with leniency bias in performance appraisals?
Reducing the frequency of performance appraisals.
Using relative rankings or suggested distributions.
Ignoring the bias as it can't be controlled.
Giving all employees the same ratings.
51
What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system post-stress?
It brings the body back to homeostasis
It increases the heart rate
It continues the release of cortisol
It promotes the fight or flight response
52
Which job characteristic in the model refers to how much a job affects others' work, health, or well-being?
Skill Variety
Task Significance
Autonomy
Task Identity
53
What is the key component of the MBO?
company vision
company mission
job description
objectives
54
Why are cultural values and behaviour confusing barriers to communication?
because they are very obvious and visible
because they are invisible and silent
because they are shared by a group of people
because culture is not a filter that affects communication
55
What is an example of a realistic but aggressive goal?
Increase sales by 200% within a month.
Eliminate all errors within the company.
Increase customer satisfaction ratings by 15% over the next six months.
Develop a new product in a week.
56
What is an active listening "do"?
Show listening with only your voice
Summarize facts but not feelings
Restate in your own words
Ask questions just because
57
Which of the following is NOT a downside of goal setting as discussed in class?
Single mindedness develops
Ethical problems decrease
Learning decreases
Adaptability Declines
58
Why is leniency problematic in performance appraisals?
It makes ratings useless for raises, bonuses, or promotions.
It is not a problem; leniency is encouraged.
It leads to more accurate ratings.
It motivates employees excessively.
59
What is the primary goal of piece rate incentives?
To reward employees based on individual output.
To reward sales employees for sales volume.
To give employees a permanent pay raise.
To encourage team cooperation.
60
Which of the following emotions is NOT a part of the six major types of emotions studied in Affective Events Theory?
Love
Joy
Guilt
Fear
61
What are the two major categories of "role stress" at work?
role conflict and role ambiguity
role conflict and role overload
role overload and ethical conflict
role ambiguity and role overload
62
According to the Job Characteristics Model, which psychological state is the most critical for employee attitudes and be
Perception of autonomy
Responsibility for the outcomes
Experienced meaningfulness
Knowledge of results
63
What was one of the key ideas of scientific management?
Job enlargement
Job enrichment
Minimize waste by identifying the most efficient method to perform a job
Job rotation
64
Which life event is rated highest in stress value on the Holmes-Rahe scale?
Losing one's job
Getting married
Death of a spouse
Receiving a ticket for a minor traffic violation
65
What role does 'Feedback' play in the Job Characteristics Model?
It has no role in this model
It contributes to determining the motivating potential of a job
It determines the degree of task significance
It directly impacts skill variety
66
What is "flow" in the context of stress management?
A specific exercise routine
The sensation of being overwhelmed by tasks
A method of meditation
A state of consciousness where one is totally absorbed in an activity
67
Which hormone is first released in a stressful situation?
ACTH
Cortisol
Adrenaline
Insulin
68
What is an example of how task significance of a job can be enhanced for an individual?
individual who collects food meets a person who requires the food
the employee receives rewards for their task completion
the fundraiser obtains increasing level of supports for students
the radiologist develops the photographs of patients
69
Which of the following refers to having insufficient time and resources to complete a job?
Role conflict
Role strain
Role ambiguity
Role overload
70
What is Filtering in communication?
changing the message to meet the needs of diverse groups
distortion or withholding of information to manage a person’s reactions
only giving the message to certain people in the organization
removing jargon from the message so that it can be better understood
71
Which statement applies to individuals possessing a Type A personality?
They are socially secure
become aggressive when faced with conflict
They are less prone than Type B personalities to heart attacks
They tend to be relatively calm in difficult situations
72
Which of the following is not associated with a long term exposure to stress
High Blood Pressure
Being Susceptible to Colds
Type A Personality
Ulcers
73
What part of the brain is responsible for stimulating fear responses?
The hippocampus
The cerebellum
The amygdala
The prefrontal cortex
74
What is non verbal communication ?
Gestures, proximity and environment
Body language, tone and appearance
Facial expressions, eye contact
Eye contact, facial expression , gestures , posture and distance
75
What is a negative outcome associated with jobs that are highly specialized and repetitive?
Increased motivation
Higher turnover rates
Lower absenteeism
Increased job satisfaction
76
People who have emotional intelligence...
Have an emotional contagion which can spread throughout the organization
have better IQ and a higher level of intelligence
develop an increased awareness of their own and others’ emotions
have an external locus of control
77
Which of these is not considered a major workplace stressor according to the American Psychological Association?
Money
Work
Family conflicts
Housing
78
How do stock options work?
Employees earn stocks based on their sales volume.
Employees purchase company stocks at a pre-determined price.
Companies give stocks to employees as a bonus.
Employees receive a fixed number of company stocks.
79
What is a potential downside of job specialization?
It makes jobs less efficient
It makes jobs more complex
It can lead to job boredom and absenteeism
It leads to decreased productivity
80
Which statement best exemplifies the stress response sequence?
It increases alertness through improved vision and hearing
It redirects blood to the brain and large muscle groups
It is based on cognition that results in the release of chemical messengers
It suppresses the immune system
81
What is merit pay?
It is a one-time reward for specific accomplishments.
It is a pay raise based on past performance.
It is a payment based on the quantity of individual output.
It is a bonus given to a team based on overall performance.
82
What does role ambiguity refer to in a workplace context?
Facing contradictory demands at work
Having insufficient time and resources to complete a job
Vagueness in relation to one's responsibilities
Experiencing interpersonal conflict in the workplace
83
The Concept of Flow in your text with relation to stress is best described as...
moving up through the system and therefore having more hope
getting along better with our colleagues
state of consciousness which a person is totally absorbed in an activity
movement at work through better planning and therefore stress reduction
84
What is job enlargement?
Giving an employee more control over their tasks
Adding more variety to the tasks performed by an employee
Rotating an employee between jobs
Making a job more specialized
85
What is the definition of 'Skill Variety' according to the Job Characteristics Model?
The extent to which a job affects others' well-being
The level of feedback from the job
The level of freedom to decide how to perform tasks
The extent to which a job requires the use of different skills
86
What is one of the benefits of digital communication?
People with social anxiety can share their thoughts from a safe environment
People are more cooperative when communicating with others
It is more private
It makes it quicker to reach decisions within a group
87
What is the most common reason for employees not making good use of feedback?
They have a low level of agreement with supervisory evaluations
They have been shown to have no relationship to improving job performance
They are experiencing times of stress
They decrease commitment to organizational goals
88
referring to a person by one adjective reduces the person to that characteristic is an example of ?
slur
biased language
euphemism
stereotype
89
What is a common cause of cross cultural conflict in the workplace?
Age differences
Overworked employees
Disorganised teams
Miscommunication
90
What term did Selye use to refer to stress that was enjoyable or healing?
Pleasure
Distress
Eustress
Relaxation
91
Which system of appraisal has a grade that depends only on performance with respect to objective criteria?
Objective appraisal
Relative ranking appraisal
Performance-based appraisal
Absolute rating appraisal
92
What is information overload?
A deficit in information processing
A surplus of irrelevant data
Constant exposure to advertisements
A state of imbalance when processing demands exceed capacity
93
The three conditions that contribute to goal setting as discussed in your text are:
Persuasion, Satisfaction, Reliability
Feedback, Ability, Goal Commitment
Achievable, Realistic, Measurable
Timeliness, Context, Variety
94
A supervisor sends a message to employees in a diverse workgroup. What should sender and receivers be sensitive to?
non-feedback
verbal characteristics of the message
the informal communication channel
perceptual screens
95
What are the two types of appraisal systems?
Objective and Subjective
Performance-based and behavior-based
Quantitative and Qualitative
Absolute rating and relative ranking
96
What does Emotional Labor refer to?
The regulation of feelings and expressions for organizational purposes
Working in emotionally demanding jobs
Physical labor performed under emotional stress
Work that involves a lot of emotional interactions
97
What is a job characteristic of an employee who works in finance/payroll?
skill variety
autonomy
task significance
task identity
98
What does emotional contagion refer to?
Transmission of emotions from a person to an object
Spreading of rumors in a group
Transmission of emotions from one person to another
Spreading of physical diseases in a team
99
What best exemplifies appropriate feedback to an employee that will lead to increased job performance?
constructive and specific
one-way
should be provided in written form only
unrecorded
