Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...

a variety of environmental factors

Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...

assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect

Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...

an intermittent reinforcement schedule

A valid test is one that...

measures what it is supposed to measure

You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which

demonstrates an illusory correlation

The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..

the personal qualities of the residents

blocks the action of neurotransmitters

The superego is Freud's term for...

the moral component of personality

What is cognitive dissonance?

a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions

The function of sensory memory is to...

hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer

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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 150

Answers

1
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
perception
consciousness
hypnosis
2
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
a variety of environmental factors
changes in testing procedures
group differences in basic intelligence
genetic influences on IQ
3
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
processing
perception
attention
4
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
schizophrenic
mood
anxiety
personality
5
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
attributionism
collectivism
functionalism
individualism
6
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
7
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
8
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
anxiety disorders
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
marital problems
9
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
group polarization
conformity
deindividuation
social loafing
10
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
halo effect in aggression
basis for performing pro-social behavior
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
11
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
seeing a flash of light
12
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
13
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
14
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a contravened stereotype
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a self-serving attribution
a heuristic observation
15
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
brightness
light purity
saturation
16
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
activation-synthesis theory
wish fulfillment theory
problem-solving theory
None of the Above
17
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a superimposed stimulus
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
subliminal perception
18
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
retrieved
encoded
ablated
19
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
content
absolute
criterion-related
construct
20
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
the personal qualities of the residents
crowded living conditions
21
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
offense mechanisms
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
22
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
salivation
light
food/meat powder
tone
23
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
24
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
a self-report inventory
25
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
latency
anal
genital
oral
26
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
an obsession
a compulsion
a phobia
a delusion
27
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
28
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
concrete
postconventional
preconventional
29
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
30
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
31
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
feeding
the endocrine system
memory
32
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
cyclical
dissociative
unipolar
bipolar
33
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
overextension
metalinguistic awareness
semantic slanting
fast-mapping
34
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rat
fear reaction
loud noise
rabbit
35
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
tumor ligation
ESB
36
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
questionnaires
physiological recordings
psychological tests
37
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
dopamine
acetylcholine
endorphin
serotonin
38
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
recall
reiteration
relearning
39
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
40
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
electrographic tomography
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
41
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
fluid
episodic
crystallized
42
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
location of injury
cortex
spinal cord
43
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
low in openness
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
44
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
45
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
46
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
vitreous humor
lens
iris
47
What is somnambulism?
sleep-talking
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
difficulty breathing when asleep
48
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
percentiles
correlation coefficients
means
standard deviation
49
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
give cookie
I eated a cookie
cookie
50
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
put information into long-term memory
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
51
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
repression
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
52
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scales
test scores
test norms
test levels
53
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
stage 1
REM
stage 4
54
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
sequential
cross-sectional
time of testing
longitundinal
55
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
G. Stanley Hall
Rene Decartes
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
56
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
syntax
57
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
groupthink
cognitive dissonance
conformity
obedience
58
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
shared inhibition
attachment probing
strange situation
secure-avoidant
59
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thalamus
thyroid
pituitary
gonads
60
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
feeling is to thinking
behavior is to motive
thought is to perception
attitude is to action
61
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
thalamus
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
62
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
temporal lobe
cochlea
oval window
63
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
formal operations
post-conventional moral reasoning
development of secondary sex characteristics
64
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
display rules
investment differentiations
social scripts
65
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
an amphetamine
a sedative
a hallucinogen
66
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
hallucinations
illusions
delusions
obsessions
67
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
behaviorism
psychoanalysis
functionalism
68
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
avoidance therapy
aversion therapy
psychotherapy
systematic desensitization
69
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
irrational thoughts
maladaptive behaviors
the conscious
the unconscious
70
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
delta
gamma
alpha
71
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
compensation
fixation
regression
displacement
72
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
73
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
74
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
selection
shaping
75
A perceptual set implies that...
people often see what they expect to see
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
76
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
the internal state causes the facial expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
77
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
pitch
loudness
timbre
78
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
a personality test
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
79
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
80
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
conditioned emotional reactions
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
81
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
punishment
82
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
cognitive
psychoanalytic
behavioral
83
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender differences
gender stereotypes
gender roles
84
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
autonomic nerves
efferent nerves
85
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
logical reasoning
systematic hypothesis testing
physical interaction
86
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalopedal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
87
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a situational attribution
an external attribution
an internal attribution
a distinctive attribution
88
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
musical
spatial
mechanical
logical-mathemathical
89
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
sing a song
print letters
90
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
91
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
latent learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
92
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
heroin
cocaine
marijuana
mescaline
93
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
94
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
95
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
reduction of inhibitions
total loss of personal control
resistance to pain
hallucinations
96
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
cannabis
narcotics
sedatives
97
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
script
schema
chunk
98
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring dissent from group members
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
99
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
100
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
olfactory cilia
smell buds
sciatic receptors
101
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he always gets in fights
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he's just like his father
102
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
car-nose
tree-bird
fill-feed
boat-goat
103
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
IQ
mental age
a percentile score
104
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
105
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
cerebellum
reticular formation
limbic system
brainstem
106
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
reversibility
egocentrism
centration
conservation
107
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological stability
physiological instability
psychological instability
physiological stability
108
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
observational learning
classical conditioning
109
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; personality
intelligence; standardized
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
110
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
constancy
similiarity
symmetry
111
Framing refers to...
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
112
Anhedonia is when a person...
has two different psychological disorders
experiences mild manic states
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has trouble getting along with people
113
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
stereotypes
prejudices
attributions
self-serving bias
114
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
115
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the control group
the experimental group
the correlational group
116
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
exposure to light
cultural practices
117
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
pseudoinsomnia
insomnia
sleep apnea
118
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
the absolute refractory period
the relative threshold period
transduction incapacity
119
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
conversion disorder
fugue
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
120
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
partial retrieval
complete storage failure
121
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
122
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
display rules
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
123
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
124
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
mentalism
cognition
intelligence
125
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
126
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
conscious experience
the unconscious
behavior
127
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
attachment
personality
temperament
128
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
evolutionary theory
instinct theory
drive theory
129
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
130
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cultural direction
cognitive structuring
schematizing
stereotypes
131
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
predictability
representativeness
accuracy of inference
132
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
become aggressive
133
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
agonists
antagonists
neurotransmitters
action potentials
134
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
reinforcement
135
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were put into a simulated prison
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
136
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Sperry's area
Broca's area
137
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
short-term
long-term
sensory
138
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
pancreas
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
139
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
phonemic
platonic
mnemonic
140
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
operant conditioning
observational learning
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
141
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
aggressiveness
social charm
142
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
extinction
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
spontaneous remission
143
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
opiates
pathogens
prenatals
teratogens
144
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
content validity
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
standardized validity
145
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mode
mean
median
midpoint
146
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
surprise
sadness
fear
happiness
147
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
change
pressure
conflict
frustration
148
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
escape learning
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
149
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
limbic system
reticular formation
endocrine system
leftbrain/right brain communication
150
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
creativity
insight
reasoning
intelligence

Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud