1.1 Developments in East Asia

Its ________ changed from ____ consumption to ___ production, with porcelains, textiles, and tea the chief exports.

Before 11th century, a fast-ripening and drought-resistent strain of food from Vietnam expanded agriculture in China

This ______ pattern strengthened during the Tang and Song dynasties.

Instead of _____ that people labor on these projects, the _____ paid people to work on them.

Expanding it enabled China, under the Song Dynasty, to become the most populous trading area in the world.

cosmopolitan areas: active centers of commerce with many entertainment options to offer.

The Chinese used the ____ in _____, and they redesigned their ships to carry more cargo.

Eventually, Buddhist doctrines combined with elements of Daoist traditions to create the ____ faith called ________

relied more on home-based or community-based production using simple equipment.

They also manufactured ____&____ that reached consumers through expanding trade networks, especially by sea.

Three other classes ranked below the scholar gentry:

The Chinese had invented ____ as early as the 2nd century C.E., and they developed a system of ____ in the 7th century.

The 7th century Buddhist monk _________ helped build Buddhism’s popularity in China.

Another source of income for the government came from the _______

a ritual in which anyone greeting the Chinese emperor must bow his or her head until it reached the foor.

A Buddhist scripture produced in the 7th century is thought to be the world’s first

They used it to make religious items, such as pagodas and Buddhist figurines.

The Chinese sent out tremendous feets led by _______ to demonstrate the power of the emperor and to receive tribute.

One distinctive constraint on ____ activities in China was the practice of ____

Though massive use of ___ to power machines wouldn’t happen until 18th century, China did have greatest ___ capability

In some areas, it also allowed farmers to grow two crops of rice per year, a summer crop and a winter crop.

highly desired because it was light-weight yet strong. it could be easily painted with elaborate designs

It represented a continuity across centuries and dynasties.

Although it had been invented in China in previous dynasties, innovators in the Song Dynasty made the first guns.

Chinese farmers put _____ both human and animal on the fields to enrich the soil.

The development of paper and printing expanded the

A bound foot signifed social status, something suitors particularly desired.

The Song ______ provided aid to the poor and established _____where people could receive free care.

They used it to make or reinforce bridges, gates, and ship anchors.

______not only consumed ____ at a tremendous rate, they were also the major producers of ____ throughout the era.

They were the first culture to use

From a very young age, girls had their feet wrapped so tightly that the bones did not grow naturally.

Although they ruled a smaller region than the Tang, their reign was prosperous and under them the arts fourished.

As a result, ___________ (technology, literature, and visual arts) thrived.

Unlike _____________,which featured large-scale production in factories using complex machinery

They lost control of northern lands to invading pastoralists from Manchuria who set up the Jin Empire.

Though most peasants were _______, China’s privileged classes had increased access to ________.

The combination of these changes in _______ produced an _________.

It had been a feature of Chinese government since the Qin dynasty (221 B.C.E.–207 B.C.E.).

Monks introduced _____ to the Chinese by relating its beliefs to _____ principles.

The _______ replaced the Tang in 960 and ruled for more than three centuries.

also strengthened the agricultural equipment, contributing to the abundance of food production as well.

were educated in Confucian philosophy and became the most infuential social class in China.

At the height of the ___, China was the most ___ land in the world: several cities with 100,000+ people

The tasks of _____ did not require physical strength or endurance&they simply exchanged goods without growing/making

include belief in Four Noble Truths which stress idea that personal suffering can be alleviated by eliminating desire

During the Tang and Song eras, China enjoyed _____, a ______ populace, and extensive contact with _____.

China became the world’s most _______.

The low status of _______ reflected Confucian respect for hard work and creating value.

This cemented China’s economic&political power over several foreign countries

focused on spiritual growth for all beings and on service. It became strongest in China and Korea.

Though the poor were vastly underrepresented in it, Chinese system allowed for more upward mobility than any other

1 of Emperor Song Taizu’s great achievements was expanding education to young men of lower economic class to score well

The ____ supported a vibrant internal trade while advances in naval tech allowed China to control ____ in SouthChina Sea

it also created stability and stimulated trade for all parties involved.

This change increased the amount of money in circulation, promoting ______.

The bureaucratic expansion created an entirely new social class:

became common among aristocratic families during the Song Dynasty.

The Tang and Song dynasties’ emphasis on schooling created _____ of well-rounded ____.

By the end of it, the _____ had grown so large that it contributed to the empire’s weakness.

Over centuries, technology of making it spread from China to all parts of Eurasia via traders on the Silk Roads.

_______ had come to China from its birthplace in India via ______

Under this, China’s ______ expanded. Early in the dynasty, this strengthened the dynasty.

The emperor expected representatives from tributary states to demonstrate their respect by performing a _____

China’s strength partially result of its ____:vast organization where appointed officials carried out empire's policies

Innovative methods of production contributed to __________

focused on personal spiritual growth through silent meditation & self-discipline. It became strongest in Southeast Asia.

China’s discovery of “black earth” in the 4th century B.C.E. enabled it to produce greater amounts of cast iron goods.

was an inexpensive and efficient internal waterway transportation system that extended over 30,000 miles.

Its _____ became widespread during the Tang Dynasty.

High job creation and high pay in the ____ increased costs of government to the point of bankruptcy

TangDynasty promoted agriculture, improved roads&canals, encouraged foreign trade&spread technology which led to

Though it represented a signifcant development in China, life in rural areas grew more complex as well.

By the time of the Song Dynasty, Japan, Korea, and kingdoms throughout southeast Asia were

or skilled craftworkers, produced steel and other products in widely dispersed smelting facilities under government

China’s ability to _______ navigation charts made _______ possible in open waters, out of sight of land

By scoring well men could obtain a highly desired job in the _____. Based on knowledge of Confucian texts.

Under Song China experienced ______:economic changes where people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell.

Like Daoism, _____ emphasized direct experience and meditation as opposed to formal learning based on studying scripture

New _____ pulled by water buffalo or oxen allowed previously unusable land to be cultivated.

The origins of the system existed in the Han Dynasty.

The Song also promoted the growth of a ____ by changing how they built _____, such as roads and irrigation canals.

Through most of Chinese history, the majority of people lived in _____.

focused on chanting. It became strongest in Tibet.

For example, Buddhism’s idea of _____ became translated as ____ “the way”.

Lower rungs of Chinese society included ___ who worked for wealthy landowners, often to pay off debts, and the ___.

an arrangement in which other states had to pay money or provide goods to honor the Chinese emperor.

They soon outnumbered the aristocracy, which was comprised of landowners who inherited their wealth.

The ______ power of the Tang and Song enabled them to protect traders from bandits.

As a result, China’s population grew quickly.

embrace Eight-Fold Path that lead to enlightenment or nirvana. (right speech, livelihood,effort, mindfullness)

In the Song era, printed booklets on how to __________ were distributed throughout rice-growing regions.

In the Song Dynasty, China’s _______ increased from around 25% of the total world population to nearly 40%.

Because officials obtained their positions by demonstrating their merit on these, China’s _____ was known as a ____

____ traditions included both respect for ____ and the expectation that they would defer to men.

developed through experimentation allowed farming to spread where once rice could not grow

It also restricted _____ ability to move and hence to participate in the public sphere. ____ was finally banned in 112.

The Chinese later learned how to take the carbon out of cast iron and began to manufacture _____.

They built elaborate _______ using ditches, water wheels, pumps, and terraces to increase productivity.

Three forms of Buddhism from India came to shape Asia, each developing a different emphasis