stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
USH Ch. 3 - Industrialization Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
USH Ch. 3 - Industrialization
USH Ch. 3 - Industrialization
40 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
382 plays
United States History, Chapter 3.
Flashcards
40 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
40
Answers
1
The Knights of Labor suffered a steady decline in membership and influence due to lost strikes and
the Haymarket Riot.
the Homestead Strike.
its refusal to use arbitration.
its support of Marxism.
2
Gustavus Swift's introduction of the _______ changed the American diet.
refrigerated railroad car
automatic loom
electric generator
battery
3
How did most railroads raise the money to construct new rails?
by selling land grants to settlers & real estate firms
by bringing in several foreign investors
by using private capital from a large pool of businessmen
by getting federal monetary grants for construction
4
How did Samuel Gompers's views on unionized labor change the way unions operated?
He encouraged strikes & to resist any attempt to stop them.
He encouraged membership among immigrants and radicals.
He favored collective bargaining and closed shops.
He got courts to stop issuing injunctions against strikes
5
What ideal of the free enterprise system wanted the gov't to remain out of economic affairs?
interregulation
commercial advancement
supply and demand
laissez-faire
6
A rise in the value of money is called
monetary expression.
devaluation.
deflation.
wage enhancement.
7
Courts frequently ruled against unions because
Companies bribed judges to side with them
Unions would protest during the trials.
Judges viewed unions as conspiracies to interfere with trade
Courts were unfamiliar with the demands of workers
8
What happens when a business achieves an economy of scale?
Manufacturing costs fall as goods are produced quickly in large quantities
Demand for a product increases; the manufacturing process decreases output
The market is glutted by an overabundance of one type of product
The government steps in and regulates the business as an industrial entity
9
How were pools used to reduce competition in a market?
Companies agreed to slash prices to increase consumer demand.
Corporations would promise the government to keep costs low.
Several businesses would agree to keep prices at a certain level.
Companies would take turns owning the market for a particular product.
10
What invention by George Westinghouse allowed trains to travel at higher speeds?
an air-brake system
alternating current
a lock-and-switch braking system
water-generated power
11
How did the Central Pacific Railroad deal with the shortage of labor in California?
They hired a large number of Chinese immigrants.
They used Civil War veterans.
They hired Native Americans.
They used enslaved labor.
12
How did railroads spur economic growth and create new markets for products after the Civil War?
by linking the nation together
by providing railroad land to settlers
by reinvesting in other industries
by bringing immigrants west
13
What tactic did companies use when workers formed a union?
They negotiated with the union for benefits
They locked workers out and refused to pay them
They filed suit to legally dissolve the union
They ignored the union and continued to do business as usual
14
What effect did the rise in industrialization have on the labor force?
Poverty spread throughout the cities.
The overall standard of living rose.
The division between rich and poor lessened.
Hours were lowered and wages decreased.
15
Which strike resulted in over 100 deaths and $10 million in property damage?
the Haymarket Square Riot
the Knights of Labor Strike
the Homestead Strike
the Great Railroad Strike
16
What effect did large corporations have on small businesses?
Small business were regulated by the govt but corporations weren't
Corporations invested in small businesses, helping them grow
Small businesses were reorganized into corporations
Many small businesses couldn't compete and shut down
17
When a single company maintains control of an entire market, it is called
profit sharing.
a corporation.
vertical integration.
a monopoly.
18
How did John D. Rockefeller achieve control of 90 percent of the oil market?
by splitting into many small firms
by discovering huge oil reserves in Alaska
through horizontal integration
through federal grants
19
What happened to the many small, unconnected railways after the Civil War?
They were demolished for newer railroads.
They were consolidated and connected by larger companies.
They were purchased by the U.S. government.
They remained in use as back-ups to the newer systems.
20
How did the discovery of minerals in America fuel industrialization?
US govt could now regulate the mining of natural resources
Minerals could be exported to other countries at a profit.
New states welcomed new companies.
US companies could acquire natural resources more cheaply.
21
People who risk their own capital to organize and run a business are called
industrialists
robber barons
capital investors
entrepreneurs
22
How did Andrew Carnegie make his Pittsburgh steel company more efficient?
by forming a partnership with the railroads
through vertical integration
by lobbying for lower tariffs
by producing his products in Europe
23
How did the Pacific Railway Act contribute to the railroad boom?
Provided free resources to the first company to complete the project
Enforced free enterprise system by taking bids from companies for projects
Forced immigrants to work for the railroad for a certain period of time
Provided for the construction of a transcontinental railway system
24
Who created the phonograph, the light bulb, motion pictures, and several electric companies?
Gustavus Swift
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Alva Edison
George Westinghouse
25
One type of industrial worker in the U.S. who had specialized skills & received higher wages was
a craft worker.
a union organizer.
a common laborer.
a specialist.
26
What two railway companies attempted to construct railways through the Western territories?
the Great Plains Company and the Missouri Railroad
the Grenville Dodge and the Leland Stanford
the Western Pacific and the Western Union
the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific
27
What role did railroads play in industrialization?
Expanded markets for products, making it easier for Westerners to buy them
Railroads used coal, which was mined in the West.
Railroad tycoons used their money for many charitable causes.
There were laws in place that helped merchants profit from the railroads
28
What was the purpose of retail catalogs?
to encourage the purchase of company stock
to advertise to consumers who lived in rural areas
to help keep prices stable among consumer markets
to enhance newspaper ads
29
The total value of all goods and services that a country produces is called its
industrial index.
national income.
total economic indicator.
gross national product.
30
_______ does not produce products, but owns stock in companies that do.
A trust
A corporation
A monopoly
A holding company
31
Which of the following is an example of a fixed cost for a company?
shipping costs
taxes
raw materials
wages
32
What two factors led to a larger workforce available to new industries?
immigration and higher infant survival rates
urban tenements and widespread poverty
Civil War generals & army regulars entered the workforce
lower tariffs and immigration from the American West
33
As industrialization increased, specialized workers began to form
industrial unions.
trade unions.
guilds.
workers' rights leagues.
34
Who was the most notoriously corrupt robber baron?
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Charley Crocker
Leland Stanford
Jay Gould
35
How did Bell's invention of the telephone contribute to growing industrialization?
He founded the Bell Telephone Company.
It revolutionized communication between business & people
His assistant, Watson, became a communications tycoon.
He invested heavily in new technologies that fueled business
36
Workers who tried to unionize were placed _______ so that no company would hire them.
in jail
on leave
on a blacklist
in trade unions
37
How was James Hill's Great Northern Railroad different from that of other railroad tycoons?
Hill charged homesteaders extra charges in order to increase profits.
Hill used federal grants of land & illegal labor to construct his railroads
Hill sold shares of devalued railroad stock to U.S. senators.
Hill invested honestly and used strategic planning to become successful.
38
How did the railways deal with the time variations that caused scheduling errors and accidents?
by requesting government regulation
by creating a centralized control center
by dividing the country into time zones
by coordinating all railroads with a centralized schedule
39
_______ is a big business owned by many people but treated by law as a person.
A partnership
A corporation
A conglomerate
A manufacturer
40
In the Crédit Mobilier scandal, Union Pacific investors got rich by
paying inflated bills from a construction company that they controlled
accepting bribes from business owners to route tracks through their towns
conspiring with other railroads to set high prices
creating a monopoly in hauling freight along their railroad tracks
