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Organizational Behaviour Test 1 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Organizational Behaviour Test 1 Review
Organizational Behaviour Test 1 Review
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1
The two types of attributions are:
Internal and External
Individualistic and Collectivistic
Interdependent and Independent
Grit and Growth Mindset
2
When we assume our quirks are shared by more than in reality
False Consensus Error
Objective Error
Self Effacement Error
Self-fulfilling prophecy
3
What does 'valence' represent in the Expectancy Theory?
The connection between performance and rewards
The effort one puts into a task
The belief in one's own abilities
The value of the outcomes or rewards
4
Which is the most accurate statement about perception?
If sensory orgrans okay, we will have an accurate perception
We have a distorted view of reality
Our perception of the environment is accurate
Our perception never has anything to do with reality
5
What is Individualism?
People belong to large social frameworks
People belong to political organizations
People belong to small networks
People belong to large organizations
6
When we say that an employee is engaged it means that _________
the employee will work with management rather than unionize
they have a line of sight on their and organizations goals
when employees have choices they will further own interests
employee concerned with maximizing profits even if contrary to ethics
7
An example of terminal and instrumental values are... (select 2)
Equality ( instrumental )
Imaginative ( instrumental )
Equality ( terminal )
Imaginative ( terminal )
8
Positive Affect is:
When something affects you positively
Effect that you have when you do something good
How you affect people in your family if you win the lottery
to accentuate the positive aspects
9
Masculinity vs. Femininity is best described as:
Masculinity-assertiveness, Femininity-relationship concern
Masculinity -materialism, Femininity-emphasis on children
Masculinity -focus on conflict, Femininity -a style of grace
Masculinity - performance, Femininity -financial management
10
According to Expectancy Theory, what determines whether an individual will put forth more or less effort?
Their social relationships at work
Their career aspirations
Their financial needs
Their evaluation of their situation
11
Offshoring is a type of _______________________
Employee Engagement Plan
Professionalization
Outsourcing
Globalization by bringing offshore workers to home country
12
Formal Equity is ....
Treating people differently so as to provide them equality of opportunity
Treating people as through you are in a formal vs. informal relationship
Treating people in the exact same manner, regardless of any differences
Treating people based on your ethical principles
13
Triple bottom line means that we focus on what?
Social Media and traditional news media
social and environmental issues
Production and waste
Adults and Youth
14
A set of abilities understanding and managing emotions
Emotional Intelligence
Emotional Labour
Locus of Control
Emotional Managment
15
According to the Geert Hofsteade cultural dimensions, the United States ranks extremely high on the ______ dimension.
Individualism
Power distance
Long-term orientation
Uncertainty avoidance
16
What is a Sexual Orientation?
Who you have intimate attraction to
Who you want to date
None of the above
What gender you identify as
17
When we refer to time orientation in Hofstede's Dimensions of Cultural Differences we mean:
Long Term-focus on future v Short- on the past and present
Short Term-company set up quickly v Long where they last
Where things move quickly vs. where things move slowly
How the individual time vs how time used in community
18
In the Two-Factor Theory, factors causing dissatisfaction are labeled as what?
Hygiene factors
Motivator factors
Negligence factors
Frustration factors
19
The five characteristics in the Job Characteristics Model
skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback
teamwork, flexibility, memory aids, task significance and autonomy
skill stability, authority differentiation, time stability, task identity
task stability, skill significance, time, feedback and evaluation
20
What would be the most accurate definition of Meta-Analysis?
taking observed correlations from multiple studies
Combining surveys, case studies, and experiments
looking at multiple case studies
taking results from experiment and applying to case studies
21
The ''Big Five'' personality dimensions represent:
all of the personality traits found in an ideal job applicant
the personality traits caused by the environment rather than heredity
All of the answers are correct.
the aggregated clusters representing most known personality traits
22
The tendency to overestimate our performance and see ourselves in a more positive light than others see is ...
self-enhancement bias
self-effacement bias
visual perception error
false consensus error
23
Which of the following best describes the psychological contract?
The relationship between satisfaction and productivity
The employee/supervisor relationship
Expectations about the rewards offered and the amount of effort given
The attitude the employee has towards the company
24
Allowing students in a high school to wear a religious head covering represents
Reasonable Accomodation
Affirmative Action
Patriotism
Ethnic Loyalty
25
Stereotype
To categorize someone
To judge someone
Mac & cheese
To put someone in a group
26
People with high individualism...
accept unequal distribution of power
value thrift, savings, and persistence
value harmonious relationships in the groups to which they belong
tend to focus on themselves an their close family
27
One key point in the case study in your text relating to Goodwill Industries was that...
Goodwill has grown due to employee engagement
Goodwill has developed by decentralizing in new countries
Although decentralized company manages to keep core values
Goodwill helps disabled people who might not find work
28
A whistle blower is which of the following?
informs authorities of the wrongdoing
Primary person for communication with regulators
person responsible for keeping track of staff time
A person who has engaged in unethical behavior
29
Which schedule of reinforcement provides rewards after a certain number of positive behaviors?
Continuous
Fixed interval
Variable ratio
Fixed-ratio
30
which of the following groups is NOT in the Employment Equity Act designated groups
Women
Individuals with disease
Aboriginal people
Visible minorities
31
In the context of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator of personality, the _____ preference represents where you find energy.
Judging/Perceiving
Thinking/Feeling
Sensing/Intuition
Extraversion/Introversion
32
Tina always uses her boss’s title so she shows
power distance
collectivism
socialism
gender diversity
33
What is a false consensus Effect?
Think our beliefs are better than others.
Think other people share our beliefs/attitudes.
Belief of others about a person.
Our personal beliefs of others.
34
The glass ceiling may be in part a result of _______________
Men having a superior educational experience
Women and minorities are less likely to have right education
gender-based stereotypes favoring men in management
Valid concerns about women taking time off to raise children
35
What are the two ways that people often react in times of organizational change?
Passive-Active-
Active-Angry
Positve - Negative
Neutral-Aspiring
36
What is a benefit of workplace diversity?
the time increases for making decisions
critical thinking increases
the best people can be hired for the organization
diversity can lead to reduced communication
37
Which is NOT one of the Big 5 personality traits?
Neuroticism
Agreeableness
Loyalty
Openness
38
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Myers Briggs Type Indicator?
There are 16 unique personality types
In MBTI, people are grouped using four dimensions
In MBTI, people are grouped using four dimensions
MBTI used to screen bad Person-Organization fit employees
39
The Fundamental Attribution Error is:
Not linked to actual Performance
people try to control the impression others have of them
see success to internal causes and failures to external
see internal causes when focusing on others behaviour
40
Which Definition best captures the idea of Diversity?
Characteristic that varies in work under Human Rights Act
Differences between people in workplace that cause conflict
Gender, race, age, education, tenure
Characteristics in the workplace to try different type food
41
Expectancy Theory suggests that motivation to put forth effort is determined by what?
A rational calculation
Influence of peers
Habitual actions
Emotional responses
42
What is Extinction in the context of reinforcement theory?
Removing rewards for bad behavior
Removing negative consequences
Rewarding good behavior
Adding negative consequences
43
What are the three levels of analysis in OB?
The executive, the management and the employees
The company, the employees, and the teams
The individual, the group and the organization
The corporation, the management, and the employees
44
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Diversity?
Lower Litigation Expenses
More Satisfied Workforce
Better Understanding and Service of Customers
Less Turnover
45
Which of the following is NOT protected under the Canada Human Rights Act?
Family Status
Immigration status
Race
Age
46
In the context of Expectancy Theory, what does 'instrumentality' mean?
The belief that performance will lead to rewards
The perceived value of the reward
The amount of control one feels they have over their performance
The effort required to achieve the reward
47
What is true about groups that have strong faultlines?
The group members will almost certainly be dissatisfied
They can perform well if they establish certain norms
These groups have a difficult time picking a leader
They have a difficult time performing
48
Which of the following is NOT protected under either the Canada Human Rights Act?
Immigration status
Race
Age
Family Status
49
How can managers increase instrumentality perceptions according to the Expectancy Theory?
By keeping award programs secret
By offering the same rewards to all employees regardless of performance
By connecting pay and rewards to performance
By rewarding political behaviors rather than performance
50
What does the Ontario Human Rights Code define as
Harassment?
A behaviour that is unwelcome
A pattern of behaviour that is or ought to be known to be unwelcome
bothering someone
Any assault
51
According to Herzberg's theory, which of the following is a motivator factor?
Security
Salary
Working conditions
Achievement
52
Best practice for managing demographic is
Make Managers Accountable for Diversity
Provide higher pay for diversity supporters
Punish people who do not embrace diversity
Create bonuses for "diversity incidents"
53
As we move to extremes in normal curve we see which two types of behaviors
Safety Conciousness and Workplace Hazard
Absenteeism and Turnover
OCB and Workplace Deviance
MBTI and Personality Deviance
54
Which of the following is true about stereotypes?
They are held only by people with bad ethics
They have protection under the Human Rights Act of Ontario
People often use them to make decisions about an individual
They always involve a negative preconception about people
55
Mental models are mainly related to:
learning orientation
selective attention
perceptual organization and interpretation
attribution
56
Which of the following is a hygiene factor according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?
Company policy
Achievement
Advancement and growth
Interesting work
57
In Advice for Hiring Successful Employees: The Case of Guy Kawasaki, he makes the point that
Company hiring practices are the best predictor of success
Companies should use the MBTI to have better employees
Many people prefer a company fail than do good without them
best employees give support whether or not they are employed
58
Where a person accepts that he or she is responsible for the negative outcome of a situation they have a high...
self efficacy
locus of control
59
Which of the following are not characteristics of positive affectivity?
greater incidence of happily married
greater job satisfaction
Less friends
more involved in social organizations
60
When we believe that we can perform a task successfully
Self Enhancement
Self Effacement
Self- Efficacy
Self Assurement
61
Which one of the following best describes the self effacement bias?
we overestimate how similar we are to other people
underestimate performance- see events in more negative light
the tendency that people have not to fit into a new culture
to see ourselves in a more positive light than others see us
62
What does the term 'expectancy' refer to in the Expectancy Theory?
Belief that performance leads to rewards
Perception of rewards
Perception that high effort will lead to outcomes
Belief in one's abilities
63
By flattening world, the author means that ______________
There are more people now who argue and believe that the world is flat
Because of environmental degradation the sea level is rising
there is a more level playing field
There is less disparity between rich and the poor globally
64
Which one of the following best describes the self effacement bias?
underestimate performance- see events in more negative light
the tendency that people have not to fit into a new culture
to see ourselves in a more positive light than others see us
we overestimate how similar we are to other people
65
Personality is best defined as:
unstable characteristics influenced by environment and genes
stable set of characteristics influenced only by genetics
stable haracteristics influenced by environment and genetics
Who you are and how people perceive you never changes
66
Which reinforcement schedule produces the most durable results?
Fixed interval
Variable ratio
Continuous
Fixed-ratio
67
The following are examples of organizational citizenship, except ______________.
agreeing to trade shifts with a coworker
not asking for raises
never missing deadlines
meeting all the goals necessary to qualify for end of year bonuses
68
first impressions tend to be....
short and difficult to change
negative and a short judgement of the person or individual
long lasting and difficult to change
a stereotype of a person
69
Which reinforcement method increases desired behavior through removing negative consequences?
Punishment
Negative Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Extinction
70
What is the focus of the Pay Equity Act
Equal pay for Equal Value
Young workers should make more
Women should be paid less
Everyone has equal access to work.
71
What are the benefits of case studies?
not able to draw conclusions from them
not many details
generalizable
easy to access
72
What is a field study with an experimental design?
Research in the lab using an experimental and control group
Research in workplace using experimental and random group
Research done in the workplace using an experimental group and a control
Research in lab using an experiemental and random
73
By being acquired by Horny Toad on the brink of bankruptcy, what was Nau able to do?
Become best in class in the industry
restructure by sharing resources with Horny Toad
Increase the number of employees and thus production
Move into a global market
74
Job Satisfaction is commonly linked to which of the following?
If a person has a higer wage than others in similar jobs
If a person has a good or bad relationship with management
Whether or not a person has the support of their family
Whether or not a person has a job with stress
75
What is the definition of perception?
organising and interpreting what the sense organs take in
Brain filters the stimuli
the initial detection and processing of stimuli
how long a person can concentrate for
76
What is the first question individuals ask themselves according to the Expectancy Theory?
What is in it for me?
Can I do it?
Am I going to receive verbal praise from my manager?
How do I feel about the outcomes in question?
77
An Individuals perception is ...
The reality for that individual
Blurred by how others see that person
always relative to the perception of others
The main component of conflict between that individual and others
78
What does Expectancy Theory suggest about how to increase valence?
Avoid discussing rewards with employees
Reward behaviors other than performance
Offer rewards that are desirable to employees
Provide one standard reward for all employees
79
Which schedule of reinforcement provides rewards in a random pattern?
Fixed interval
Continuous
Variable ratio
Fixed-ratio
80
Which best describes person-organization fit?
you cannot predict performance based on company culture
fitting with company culture sometimes predicts performance
fitting with a company’s culture means high job performance
fitting with a company's culture predicts turnover
81
Which of the following is an area NOT covered by the Ontario Human Rights Code?
Movie Theatres
Services
Employment
Housing
82
How many Myers Briggs personality type combinations are there?
16
12
10
14
83
Which of the following is true about faultlines?
Teams with strong faultlines will not perform well
If subgroups talk before meeting-less time on alternatives
Faultlines are less likely to emerge in diverse teams
All diverse teams have faultlines
84
Which best defines Substantive Equality
Making sure that our hiring practices are substantively fair
Treating people differently so as to provide them equality of opportunity
Treating people the exact same manner, regardless of existing differences
Making sure that people receive equal pay for work of equal value
85
What is meant by a "proactive personality"?
inclination to fix what is perceived as wrong
waiting to be told what to do
thinking worse of ourselves than others think of us
seeing the glass half full
86
What does the term "distributive justice" refer to?
The degree to which outcomes received are perceived to be fair
The degree to which decision-making procedures are fair
The degree to which people are treated with respect in interpersonal intera
The degree to which fair rewards are distributed among all employees
87
The Case of Kronos the main point was that
Software can improve profit by such things as self checkout
Companies can use software to improve their accounting
Companies can improve person-fit through software
Online shopping is the largest threat to physical stores
88
Which type of culture is more likely to use external attributions?
Individualist
Western
Collectivist
Northern
89
Which best describes person-organization fit?
fitting with a company's culture predicts turnover
you cannot predict performance based on company culture
fitting with a company’s culture means high job performance
fitting with company culture sometimes predicts performance
90
Which definition best describes uncertainty avoidance?
High Uncertainty Avoidance- people concerned with security
Uncertainty avoidance based on personal power relationship
If low uncertainty avoidance- low tolerance for risk taking
If high uncertainty avoidance-ambiguity tolerated more
91
Uncertainty avoidance is _________
Degree to wich people in a country formal rules and fixed patterns of life
Degree that measures achievement
Degree that measures knowledge of cultural differences
Degree to wich people in a country learn to act as individuals
92
Which of the following best describes Deep-Level Diversity?
Religion, marital status and sexual orientation
includes values, beliefs, and attitudes
Race and gender
traits that are highly visible to us
93
In terms of procedural justice, what is the significance of giving employees advance notice before major changes?
It is perceived as fair by employees
It increases employees' productivity
It increases employee satisfaction
It reduces the likelihood of employee turnover
94
When people behave as if a stereotype is accurate and leads to reactive behavior
self-fulfilling prophecy
Stereotype
Selective Perception
First Impression Error
95
the MBTI is:
Test to predict employees most likely to be deviant
The Multipe Best Test Instrument
the marriage based test of influence
instrument based on Jung’s theory of individual differences
96
Pay equity legislation recognizes that:
work traditionally performed by women has been overvalued
women are typically better educated than men
work traditionally performed by women has been undervalued.
men are typically better educated than women
97
What are the inputs in the context of equity theory?
The contributions people feel they are making to the environment
The perceived fairness in a situation
The result of someone's work
The rewards someone gets from a situation
98
How can managers influence expectancy perceptions according to the Expectancy Theory?
By decreasing the amount of rewards given to high performers
By providing training and creating conducive work environments
By limiting the amount of feedback given to employees
By reducing employee autonomy
99
What does "interactional justice" refer to in an organization?
The process of evaluating employees' performance
The degree of respect in interpersonal interactions
The process of decision-making
The distribution of outcomes
100
Which of the following causes positive work attidudes
Intimate work relationships
Very High Pay
No stress
Personality
