Chapter 6 Biomes and Aquatic ecosystems

________ deciduous trees characterize the temperate forest that cover most of Europe, eastern Asia, and the eastern Un.

Plants of the chaparral, such as sage, thyme, contain oily,that deter ________, but also encourage the spread of fire. 

In lakes and ponds, the _______ zone is the area farther from the shore. 

This one "world ocean" cover 71% of Earths surface and contains ______ of its water. 

Most ocean ecosystems are powered by solar energy, with sunlight driving ________ by phytoplankton in the photic zone. 

What percentage of Earth's surface is covered in water? 

Swamps also consist of shallow water rich in vegetation, but they are typified by ______ shrubs and trees. 

Ecologist tend to divide the photic zone of lakes and ponds based on distance from the BOTTOM. 

Some boreal forest dwellers change color to avoid ______ in the winter. 

Biomes are charcterized by their _____ as well as typical plant and animal life.

In areas where surface currents converge, or come together, surface water _____ in a process called downwelling. 

WEATHER describes the average conditions, including temperature and precipitation, over long periods in a give area. 

Salt marshes also filter out ________ and stabilize shorelines against storm surges. 

Marshes, swamps, and bogs are examples of 

Cacti and aloe vera are examples of _______. They have thick, leathery leaves to reduce water loss. 

Bogs form either in depressions where water can collect or through ________ succession. 

Plant life in the chaparral must be able to withstand periods of _______. 

when water flows slowly, it creates wide, curvy paths called _______ through the earth. 

Wetlands help prevent ______ by absorbing excess water--much like a sponge. 

_____ biome has mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers like the climate common near oceans. 

The NERITIC ZONE contains over 90% of the ocean's water. *

_________ is the organic matter, or biomass, that remains after cellular respiration. 

From the Gulf of Mexico, the ________ moves up along the Atlantic coast at a rate of 160 kilometers per day. 

Over a given unit of time, the rate at which plants and algae convert solar or chemical energy into energy stored in the

The bend is cut off and remains as an isolated U-shaped water body called a(n) _______. 

In which ocean zones do crabs, mussels, anemone, barnacles, and sea stars live? 

Water with a salinity that is greater than fresh water but less than saltwater is classified as 

Water moves toward areas of LOWER salinity. 

The roots of grasses also form _____ mats that help capture moisture and nutrients and avoid damage in harsh conditions.

The presence of _______ also causes warmer temperatures.

_____ avoid excess water loss' which is important when the ground is frozen and the trees ,roots cannot take up water.

Tropical regions are located close to the ____ and are characterized by year-round warm temperatures.

______ are home to diverse ecosystems that prevent soil erosion and flooding. 

The boreal forest, or _______, stretches in a road band across much of Canada, Alaska, Russia, and Scandinavia. 

The limnetic zone is farther from the shore, where there are _______ rooted plants. 

The very bottom of a body of water is called the _______ zone. 

Climate is different from weather the __________ conditions in Earth's atmosphere like sunny and humid or cold and sunny

Tropical regions with MORE rain than tropical dry forest, and more rain than deserts, are called tropical grassland.

The source or beginning of most rivers is high in the ____ where melting snow collects and runs downhill due to gravity.

We can plot biomes according to what 2 factors? 

Which statement about the littoral zone in a lake or pond is true? 

WARM AND WET biomes have the lowest net primary production. 

_________, a deep sleeplike state that an animal enters for most of the winter. 

What is the difference between swamps and freshwater marshes? 

Many evergreen species in the temperate rainforest are ____________ trees, trees that produce seed-bearing cones. 

 Therefore, there tends to be more life--both producer and consumers-- in this upper portion of any ______ ecosystem. 

What type of conditions are indicated by the blue shaded areas? (in the graph on page 165)

The ocean can be divided into ____ zones based on their distance form shore: intertidal, neritic, and open ocean. 

Which zone of an aquatic ecosystem tends to have the highest temperatures? 

This region has been converted ________ to take advantage of the rich, fertile soil. 

Climate describes the average conditions, including temperature and precipitation, over _______ periods in a given area.

Which biome would have the highest net primaryproduction? 

Because river water constantly supplies ________ to estuaries, they tend to be extremely productive. 

The uppermost layer of an aquatic ecosystem, where there is enough sunlight for photosynthesis to occur, is called the _

Criteria such as salinity, depth, and whether the water is flowing or standing are used by scientists to

the shallow near-shore portion of the photic zone is named the _______ zone. 

Below the photic zone is the _______ zone, where no sunlight penetrates and photosynthesis cannot occur. 

Day-to-day conditions in Earth's atmosphere, such as "sunny and humid," describe.

In the tropical dry forest most trees are _______ losing their leaves and stop photosynthesis during part of the year. 

As protection against _____ some plants develop bitter tastes, rough texture, or thorns that make them less appetizing.

On a biome map, patches representing the same biome tend to occur at similar LONGITUDE. 

Where rivers flow into the ocean, mixing fresh water with saltwater, brackish ecosystems occur which are called 

Deserts are the _____ biome on Earth. 

_____-loving animals such as the bright yellow banana slug and numerous amphibian species are common in the temperature.

Not much bothers the herds of great American bison, that ________ in the winter in search of exposed grass. 

Rivers and streams are types of STANDING freshwater ecosystems. 

COLD and DRY biomes have the highest net primary production. 

Ponds and lakes are bodies of open _______ water that collect in depressions on Earth's surface. 

A biome is a group of ________ that share similar abiotic and biotic conditions. 

Water is considered _______ if it has a salinity of a 0.5 ppt or less. 

What ocean zone begins at the edge of the continental shelf and then extends outward into deeper water? 

________ form a dense covering, called the canopy. 

Mangroves are ____ trees and shrubs with roots that curve upward.

_______ is the vertical flow of cold, nutrient-rich water toward the surface. 

Rainforest birds,insects,amphibians,and other animals tend to be ______ feeding on a particular kind of food.

A bog is a wetland that

Ecologist use similarities between ecosystems to classify them into broad categories called 

Flowing-water ecosystems contain water that is in near-constant motion, such as in a _______. 

Which ecosystms are considered standing freshwater ecosystems? 

Nearly all nutrients present in tropical rain forest are contained in the trees, vines, and other plants -- not the ___.

Under water, photosynthesis by aquatic plants and phytoplankton is mostly limited by the amount of OXYGEN available. 

Which of the following describes the aphotic zone in an aquatic ecosystem? 

A smaller river flowing into a larger one is called a _________ (which could include streams, creeks or brooks). 

What is a large brown algae that grows from the ocean floor of continental shelves reaching upward toward the sun surf..

The biome concept has been limited to terrestrial ecosystems. However, about ____ of Earth covered in water, not land.

When conditions are dry, some animals enter a deep sleep like period of dormancy called _________. *

Which zone of an aquatic ecosystem tends to have more life--both producers and consumers? 

Many desert animals are nocturnal, meaning they are ______ only in the cool of night. 

There are four types of freshwater wetlands: marshes, swamps, _______ and fens. 

The depth of the ________ zone depends on how clear the water is. 

Species diversity is ______ in the boreal forest. 

In aquatic ecosystems, net primary productivity is related to?

Freshwater marshes are shallow-water wetlands typified by tall, ______ plants. 

The aquatic ecosystems with salinity between 0.5 and 30 ppt are called ________. 

Scientists often use climate diagrams, or ______ to describe the conditions in a biome.