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W25 Exam 2 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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W25 Exam 2 Review
W25 Exam 2 Review
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Questions
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Answers
1
Laws requiring offenders to serve 85% of their prison sentences are named:
Tough on crime laws
Mandatory minimums
3 strikes and you're out laws
Truth-in-sentencing laws
2
When did the number of incarcerated individuals reach their peak in the U.S.?
2015
1991
2000
2009
3
Which of the following is not true about race?
Whiteness was litigated in the courts to access rights and citizenship
Racial categories and meanings shift across contexts and time
Racial categories in the U.S. were developed to justify slavery
There are significant biological differences linked with race
4
Which category of strain theory does Creed from The Office fall into from this video?
Ritualist
Retreatist
Conformist
Innovator
5
A weakening of the collective conscience or "a sense of normlessness" results in...
Anomie
Stratification
Breaching
Homophily
6
The wealth gap is ____ over the last 50 years
Widening
Narrowing
Staying the same
7
Which of these founders of sociology are most associated with functionalism?
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Emile Durkheim
8
"A form of bias in which adult characteristics are attributed to children" is....
Adultification
Collectivism
Androcentrism
9
Max Weber theorized that which religious traditions is particularly well suited to the growth of capitalism?
Atheism
Protestantism
Catholicism
Hinduism
10
Differences in _____ are larger than differences in _____
Income; wealth
Wealth; Income
11
Strain theory suggests that a society may be structured to have more/less deviance based on imbalance in two factors:
Poverty; Wealth
Means; Goals
Resources; Education
Structure; Agency
12
Which of the following are not deeply embedded components of the U.S. collective conscience?
Individualism
Valuing of hard work
Capitalism
Collectivism
13
Which term best captures how racist ideas and practices can become embedded into our societal structures?
Discrimination
Systemic or Institutional Racism
Stratification
Racism
14
Higher socioeconomic status is associated with ______ health outcomes compared to those with lower socioeconomic status
Similar
Worse
Better
15
In Merton's strain theory, which is the "rebellion" category?
A
D
E
B
C
16
Which theory on crime helps us understand a hacker who rationalizes action by saying their target is evil or corrupt?
Labeling theory
Differential association theory
Social disorganization theory
Neutralization theory
Strain theory
17
Which of the following is not an example of a social
organization
?
YMCA
Alma College
NFL
Law
18
The median wealth for Black households in the U.S. is _______ than median wealth for White households
Significantly lower than
Similar to
Significantly higher than
19
The _____ own the means of production, while the _____ are part of the means of production
Proletariat; Bourgeoisie
Bourgeoisie; Proletariat
20
The system of associating some areas as "riskier" than others for housing and mortgages is called:
Segregation
Systemic racism
Redlining
21
Powder cocaine possession comes with harsher sentencing than crack cocaine possession
True
False
22
___ deviance is breaking of any social norm while ___ deviance is breaking of laws
Secondary; Primary
Social; Criminal
Criminal; Social
Primary; Secondary
23
Which most accurately captures wealth?
Income minus debt
Assets minus debt
Assets plus income
Housing
24
The great recession's effects on Black households was...
Disproportionately negative compared to white households
The same as its effects on white households
Disproportionately positive compared to white households
25
Which statistical measure is most representative of those in the middle of the distribution for income or wealth?
Median
Mean/average
Mode
26
The U.S. population makes up ___% of the global population, but estimated ____% of the global incarcerated population
4; 20
10; 30
30; 10
20; 4
27
Which term applies to the process that was applied to drug use in the U.S. during the War on Drugs?
Medicalization
Criminalization
Stigmatization
28
Which theory on crime highlights the role of socialization and peers in shaping criminal behavior?
Social disorganization theory
Strain theory
Differential association theory
Labeling theory
Neutralization theory
29
Which theory helps us understand how those marked as "criminal" may be treated as such, and shape future behavior?
Labeling theory
Social disorganization theory
Differential association theory
Strain theory
Neutralization theory
30
Our ______ shapes our lives, choices, and opportunities
Social organizations
Sociological imagination
Structural position
31
Incarceration rates are currently increasing in the U.S.
False
True
32
The hierarchical ranking of people within society based on class, occupation, status, or education
Stratification
Conflict theory
Discrimination
Deviance
33
Which of the following is a functionalist less likely to argue when it comes to the institutions of education?
Educational systems maintain inequality
Education fills a need by educating members of society
Educational systems help shape our norms and values
34
Deviance that occurs
after
receiving a label of "criminal" or "felon" according to labeling theory is:
Social deviance
Primary deviance
Criminal deviance
Secondary deviance
35
____ is used to measure the levels of economic inequality and make cross country comparisons
Inequality index
Intergenerational mobility rates
The Gini coefficient
36
Selling drugs is behavior that would fall within __ category in Merton's strain theory
Innovator
Retreatist
Ritualist
Conformist
37
How would a functionalist approach studying policing?
Exploring the role of police as filling a need for social control
Examining the meanings and perceptions of policing to diff. communities
Critiquing the police as a source of racial inequality
38
Someone saying "I hate Taylor Swift" at a Taylor Swift concert is exhibiting...
Secondary deviance
Social deviance
Primary deviance
Criminal deviance
39
Which of these types of policies are not correlated with the increase in incarceration from the 80s to early 2000s?
Mandatory minimum laws
Decriminalization of drug use
Truth-in-sentencing laws
"Three strikes" laws
40
The feeling of disconnect from one's work was coined ___ by Karl Marx
Anomie
Proletariat
Means of production
Alienation