"Algae" deserves quotes because it is

a functional group, not a single taxonomic group

Miller and Urey's experiment showed

a partial possible chemical route to abiogenesis

contain bacteria even before birth

Animals that digest cellulose do so

through the action of bacteria in their digestive tracts

Gram-positive bacteria

take a certain stain differently from Gram-negative bacteria

"Kingdom" Protista deserves quotes because

it is really more than 1 Kingdom

Genes for antibiotic resistance in Bacteria

can often be transmitted between bacterial species, can often be transmitted among individuals, are often on plasmids

What is the most unique thing about the prokaryotic flagellum?

it is one of only 2 "wheels" in nature

Which of these comes first in Koch's postulates?

isolate the same organism in each of several sick animals

nitrogen fixation refers to

turning N2 from the air into nitrates or ammonia

Antibiotic resistance among Bacteria is

a huge public health problem, widespread and increasing

Bacteria generally have

a cell wall in addition to a plasma membrane

Before we were able to use DNA sequences to identify bacterial species, we relied largely on

which chemicals they could use as food

How many of the bacteria that inhabit us are believed to be how important to our health?

many are thought to be essential to our health

Why is clay thought to have possibly played a role in abiogenesis?

charges on its surface may have helped organize monomers

In addition to chromosomal DNA, bacteria often have plasmids, which are

loops of DNA, not part of the chromosome

Largely because we can now discover and identify unknown prokaryotes by

sampling DNA from the environment & sequencing it

tiny aquatic organisms that occur in open water

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TVMSC Biology--Chapt 16 review--Abiogenesis, bacteria, archaea, and protists

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Review for Chapt 16 of Biology: Concepts & Connections: Origin & Evolution of Microbial Life: Prokaryotes & Protists #abiogenesis #bacteria #archaea #protists #algae #protozoa

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Questions 108

Answers

1
Photosynthetic protists are known as
"Algae"
Euglena
Green Plants
2
Kingdoms Animalia and Fungi are believed to have evolved from
unicellular amoeboids
colonial ciliates
colonial flagellates
unicellular algae
3
a phototroph gets its energy where?
from heat
from organic compounds
from light
from inorganic compounds
4
The first eukaryotes were
protists
plants
bacteria
fungi
5
a chemotroph gets its energy where?
from some molecule
from light
6
The first eukaryotes were similar to
Bacteria
Fungi
Archaea
Protists
7
an autotroph gets its carbon where?
from CO2
from water
from organic molecules
8
The group famous for sometimes creating toxic "red tides" is the
Dinoflagellates
Brown Algae
Green Algae
Diatoms
9
The different protist groups regarded as "algae"
are closely related
are not closely related
10
"Algae" deserves quotes because it is
a functional group, not a single taxonomic group
something else
11
About what percent of human diseases are caused by bacteria?
25%
35%
10%
50%
12
"Phytoplankton" refers to
any small, planktonic organism
tiny animals in the plankton
photosynthetic algae
13
Miller and Urey's experiment showed
that Cyanobacteria added O2 to the early atmosphere
that Archaea are different than Bacteria
that DNA was the genetic material
a partial possible chemical route to abiogenesis
14
baby humans
contain bacteria even before birth
the answer is unknown
are bacteria-free until during the birth process
15
Animals that digest cellulose do so
simply by using their own digestive enzymes
through the action of bacteria in their digestive tracts
16
Many bacteria are capable of movement.
True
False
17
Diatoms have two shells like a petri dish, made of
cellulose
protein
cephalosporin
silica, essentially glass
18
Gram-positive bacteria
tend to have a positive charge
tend to move toward a positive charge
weigh more than Gram-negative bacteria
take a certain stain differently from Gram-negative bacteria
19
"Kingdom" Protista deserves quotes because
It just looks good
We are quoting someone when we use that word
it is really more than 1 Kingdom
Yep!
20
How many species of bacteria inhabit us?
unknown but fewer than 100
thousands
fewer than a thousand
21
Diatomic oxygen was added to the atmosphere mostly by
volcanos
Cyanobacteria
lightning
Protists
22
Genes for antibiotic resistance in Bacteria
can often be transmitted between bacterial species
are usually only on the chromosome
can often be transmitted among individuals
are often on plasmids
23
The organisms who do most nitrogen fixation are
protozoans
certain Bacteria
green plants
protists
24
What is the most unique thing about the prokaryotic flagellum?
it's very long
it has a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
it's very small
it is one of only 2 "wheels" in nature
25
what group of algae is famous for creating toxic "red tides"?
diatoms
brown algae
dinoflagellates
red algae
26
Protists are
Prokaryotes
mainly unicellular prokaryotes
mainly unicellular eukaryotes
a subset of the Protozoa
27
multicellular algae are known as
Green Algae
Euglena
seaweeds
phytoplankton
28
The bacteria we observed had an average width of about
20 to 50 micrometers
10 to 20 micrometers
2 to 10 micrometers
50-100 micrometers
29
the bacteria in mother's milk is probably useful to newborn babies
false
true
30
Which of these comes first in Koch's postulates?
grow the organism in pure culture
find the same organism again in these newly-infected animals
isolate the same organism in each of several sick animals
produce the same symptoms by inoculating healthy animals
31
How many species of bacteria and Archaea are there?
20,000
40,000
we really have little idea
30,000
32
nitrogen fixation refers to
turning N2 from the air into nitrates or ammonia
removing nitrogen from the soil
repairing damaged nitrogen atoms
33
Where do we get most of our antibiotics?
from the skin of frogs and toads
from bacteria that make them
molecules are invented by organic chemists
from snake venom
34
Volvox is a hollow, green, ball of flagellated cells. It is:
a diatom
a bacterium
a Green Alga
a dinoflagellate
35
Antibiotic resistance among Bacteria is
a huge public health problem
widespread and increasing
not a major problem
a thing of the past
36
Some "algae" we saw that were exceedingly small were
Green Algae
Brown Algae
Red Algae
Diatoms
37
Bacteria generally have
a cell wall sandwiched between 2 plasma membranes
a cell wall in addition to a plasma membrane
only a plasma membrane
only a cell wall and not a plasma membrane
38
Euglena is
a brown ciliate
a colorless amoeboid
a green flagellate
39
A vibrio is
a comma-shaped bacterium
a tadpole-shaped protist
a comma-shaped protist
40
Before we were able to use DNA sequences to identify bacterial species, we relied largely on
their color
their size
which chemicals they could use as food
their speed of motion
41
How many of the bacteria that inhabit us are believed to be how important to our health?
all are thought to be pretty much irrelevant to our health
many are thought to be essential to our health
mainly they are a danger to our health
42
Why is clay thought to have possibly played a role in abiogenesis?
it has the right stickiness for forming clods
good for pottery
huh?
charges on its surface may have helped organize monomers
43
The early Earth's atmosphere was conspicuously short on
diatomic oxygen (O2)
carbon dioxide
methane
carbon dioxide
44
Which describes a colonial protist?
cells are specialized for different tasks
all cells are the same
45
In addition to chromosomal DNA, bacteria often have plasmids, which are
basically the same as chloroplasts
loops of RNA
loops of DNA, not part of the chromosome
a form of mitochondrion
46
Compared to eukaryotes, prokaryotes have
more "nutritional modes"
fewer "nutritional modes"
prefer vanilla over chocolate
about the same "nutritional modes"
47
Largely because we can now discover and identify unknown prokaryotes by
sampling DNA from the environment & sequencing it
better microscopes
we're just smarter than folks used to be
48
The earliest fossils we know of are how old?
1.5 billion years
500 million years
3.5 billion years
5 billion years
49
Antibiotic resistance in Bacteria arises through
unknown mechanisms
mutation and natural selection
mutation and alone
50
"plankton" refers to
tiny aquatic organisms that occur in open water
all organisms that are green
all aquatic organisms
51
What "algae" have in common is mainly that they
are prokyarotes
are small
are heterotrophs
are photosynthetic
52
The two most important groups of "algae" in the oceans are the
Green Algae and Brown Algae
Green Algae and Diatoms
Diatoms and Dinoflagellates
Green Algae and Dinoflagellates
53
Paramecium is which type of protozoan?
amoeboid
flagellate
ciliate
54
Apicomplexans are protozoans that parasitize other cells; an example is
the black plague disease organism
the malaria disease organism
the tuberculosis disease organism
the influenza disease organism
55
Koch's postulates are used for
achieving tenure
disproving the notion of spontaneous generation
evaluating how sick someone is
discovering what organism causes a certain disease
56
Archaea
are Protists
are a group of "algae"
are a subset of the Bacteria
may be more closely related to Eukaryotes than to Bacteria
57
The huge seaweeds known as kelp are
Green Plants
single-celled protists
multicellular protists
fungi
58
Planet Earth is how old?
1 billion years
12 billion years
500 million years
4.6 billion years
59
single-celled amoeboids that sometime groups together into a slug-like crawler are
cellular slime-molds
fungi
plasmodial slime-molds
60
Why do many scientists believe that RNA may have existed before DNA?
It can act as an enzyme & hence self-replicate
It's lighter and hence would float more easily
It's really just a wild guess
It's single-stranded
61
Dinoflagellates are named for their tumbling motion, caused by
intoxication on ethanol, a product of fermentation
their apparent relation ship to dinosaurs
two right-angled grooves, each with a beating flagellum
62
While tiny and ancient, bacteria and Archaea are best regarded as
primitive
biochemically sophisticated
biochemically rather uniform
simple
63
In humans, mother's milk is bacteria-free
false
true
64
Protists are
mostly single-celled Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
mostly multicellular Eukaryotes
Archaea
65
We belive multicellular creatures like animals evolved most directly from
archaea
bacteria
unicellular protists
colonial protists
66
"Seaweeds" are
members of the Kingdom Plantae
multicellular protozoa
actually Fungi
multicellular algae
67
"Domain" is a classification category
at a level just below the Kingdom
made necessary by the discovery of "Archaea"
made necessary by the discovery of Bacteria
newly created in the 1970s
68
viruses are a type of
protist
prokaryote
eukaryote
none of those
69
Right now is the very beginning of the "Golden Age of Microbiology"
true
false
70
What would have to come first in abiogenesis?
formation of polymers
formation of nucleic acids
formation of monomers
formation of proteins
71
Protists are
can be either
neither
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
72
Single-celled eukaryotes are known as
protists
prokaryotes
protozoans
algae
73
Where do we get most of our antibiotics?
from bacteria
from frogs
we invent them from scratch
from tulips
74
We believe life was present on Earth by when?
3.8 to 3.9 billion years ago
5 billion years ago
4.6 billion years ago
2 billion years ago
75
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria now kill
hundreds of Americans yearly
tens of thousands of Americans yearly
just a few Americans yearly
76
What group has an outer covering made essentially of glass?
dinoflagellates
green algae
diatoms
brown algae
77
Bacteria and Archaea lack
ribosomes
membrane-bounded organelles & ribosomes
membrane-bounded organelles
78
Endospores
are a very resistant "resting stage" made by some bacteria
all three are true
Can be viable even after millions of years
are one reason you need a periodic tetanus shot
79
The first organisms to evolve were
single-celled plants
fungi
eukaryotes
prokaryotes
80
Bacteria have
usually 20 to 40 chromosomes
usually 6 to 10 chromosomes
usually 10 to 20 chromosomes
a single, circular chromosome
81
diatoms have a two-part "shell" made of
protein
essentially glass
a plasma membrane only
cellulose
82
a heterotroph gets its carbon where?
from water
from organic compounds
from CO2
83
Volvox is a colonial Green Alga,
a solid ball of flagellated cells
a solid ball of ciliated cells
a hollow ball of flagellated cells
a hollow ball of ciliated cells
84
Which describes a multicellular organism?
there are cell types specialized for different tasks
all cells are the same
85
Paramecia are
prokaryotes
protists
algae
protists & protozoans
86
Multicellular fungi and animals are thought to have evolved from
colonial flagellated protists
ciliated protozoans
amoeboid protozoans
87
Compared to Bacteria, the cells of protists are often
structurally far more complex
structurally simpler than bacteria
structurally of about the same complexity
88
What proportion of all known bacterial species cause human diseases?
about 10%
fewer than 1%
the majority
about half
89
The four main groups of protists are
protozoans, algae, bacteria and seaweeds
protozoans, Archaea, Bacteria, and algae
prototozoans, prokaryotes, Bacteria and slime molds
protozoans, slime molds, single-celled algae, and seaweeds
90
clusters of rod-shaped bacteria are called
staphylococci
staphylobacilli
streptobacilli
streptococci
91
In terms of body lengths per second, some bacteria are
the same speed as you
faster than you
way faster than you
slower than you
92
Lateral gene transfer in bacteria can occur via how many mechanisms?
six
10
three
one
93
Bacteria
don't use DNA or RNA
use DNA but Archaea don't
use RNA instead of DNA
use DNA
94
The main difference between Bacteria/Archaea and Eukaryotes is that the former
don't use DNA
don't have membrane-bounded nucleus or organelles
use proteins to transfer their genetic instructions
are larger
95
Half of all antibiotic use is for
treating animal diseases
enhancing livestock growth rates, being put in their food
96
Bacteria generally have
only a plasma membrane
a cell wall in addition to a plasma membrane
a cell wall sandwiched between 2 plasma membranes
only a cell wall and not plasma membrane
97
Stentor is which?
an amoeboid protozoan
an alga
a flagellated protozoan
a ciliated protozoan
98
Why do many researchers believe RNA came before DNA?
because it is more common in organisms today
because it can sometimes catalyze its own replication
because it can act as a catalyst
because it is a simpler molecule
99
Most nitrogen in the air is in which form?
nitrate, NO3-
N
N2
ammonia, NH3
100
Are there colonial protists?
no, only single-celled ones
yes
101
Nitrogen fixation is important to living things because
plants & animals can't use the form of nitrogen in the air
the air contains very little nitrogen
102
single, rounded bacteria are referred to as
staphylococci
streptococci
cocci
bacilli
103
which of these are common forms of locomotion among protozoans?
cytoplasmic streaming
all of the above
flagella
cilia
104
the existence of Archaea, different from Bacteria, was discovered in
around 1756
around 1859
in the 1970s
the 1600s
105
Which group is famous for containing many extremophiles?
Protozoans
Archaea
Algae
Bacteria
106
Green Plants (Kingdom Plantae) are believed to have evolved from
Euglenoids
Diatoms
Green Algae
Dinoflagellates
107
Diatomic oxygen entered the atmosphere as a result of
photosystem I of photosynthesis
fermentation
photosystem II of photosynthesis
cellular respiration
108
The difference between "colonial" and "multicellular" is that
in multicellularity there is cell specialization
multicellular simply means larger
in coloniality, there is cell specialization
colonial organisms are larger than multicellular ones

TVMSC Biology--Chapt 16 review--Abiogenesis, bacteria, archaea, and protists Flashcards | StudBud