Stracener, Michael AP Exam Vocabulary

the process of protecting information or data by using mathematical models to scramble it and keep it secret

a specific case or example of an abstract problem

a contiguous sequence of characters within a string

selecting a representative subset of data from a larger population to make inferences about the entire population

the actual input expression passed/supplied to a function, procedure, or routine in the invocation/call statement

a fundamental protocol for transferring data, specifically web pages, between a client and a server

The operator that returns the remainder of dividing 2 numbers

a software intermediary that allows two applications to talk to each other

Mistakes in the source code such as incorrect spelling, typos, etc, that cause an error message to appear

the capacity of a network connection to carry data

errors that happen while the program is running

An error that occurs when a program tries to store more data in a fixed-sized location than it can handle

a problem that can be posed as a yes–no question based on the given input values.

The process of combining multiple strings into one big string

the specific order in which instructions are performed in an algorithm.

continuously divides the sorted list, comparing the middle element with the target value

any physical machine capable of running a program

the collection of all of the program’s executions

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

practical problem-solving techniques/methods used to find quick & effective solutions when dealing with complex issues

the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions.

A type of coding instruction used to compare values and express and make decisions

A smaller component of a larger system

a form of malware or hardware that keeps track of and records your keystrokes as you type

designing solutions that continue to function efficiently with a growing number of users

data that can be used to identify a specific individual, either directly or indirectly,

Compression of data that is reversible (zero data will be lost)

a list set of instructions, used to solve problems or perform tasks

a result that can only have one of two possible values: true or false

 allows you to reuse code that is already written instead of rewriting the code and repeating it

programming constructs that allow a set of instructions to be repeated multiple times based on a specified condition

Continuous data created from non-digital devices

an unauthorized wireless access point installed on a network without the network owner's permission

an if or if else statement inside another if else

a method in computing of running two or more processors, or CPUs, to handle separate parts of an overall task

software whose source code is made publicly available

the process of finding the best path for data packets to travel from a source to a destination across a network

the ratio of the time taken for a sequential execution to the time for a parallel execution.

the process of making data uniform and consistent without altering its meaning

The smallest unit of digital info

processing tasks or instructions in a linear, step-by-step manner. 

A way of representing data using 1s and 0s

a continuous, unbounded flow of data elements that are made available over time

the practice of getting a large amount of input or information from people on the Internet. 

a basic unit of data that's grouped together and transferred over a computer network

anyone can access it and use it to research outputs without financial, legal, or technical barriers

an overflow error that occurs when trying to store an integer value outside the range defined by its data type.

A method of building software products in which a system is built piece-by-piece

 selecting a smaller group, or sample, from a larger population to represent the whole

a global system of interlinked documents and other web resources, accessible via the Internet

a function that repeats a block of code in a specified order, often until a specific result occurs.

the process of encoding, restructuring or otherwise modifying data to reduce its size

having unnecessary or duplicated code that doesn't add value and can make the code less efficient and harder to manage

The process of unscrambling and encryption

a set of instructions written by a programmer to deliver instructions to the computer to perform and accomplish tasks

the system's ability to continue operating despite failures or malfunctions.

All elements in the list are accessed

A decision a program makes depending on giving information

A special kind of variable used in a function to refer to one of the pieces of data provided as input to the function

A piece of memory that stores a value that can be changed

Compression of data that is Irreversibly (some data will be lost)

something new that relies on computing to function, and it wouldn't work without that computing element. 

the specific location or route through which a file or directory can be accessed within a file system.

a way for creators to grant the public permission to use their copyrighted work under specific terms

A section of computer code that performs a specific

When a computation system performs optimally with minimal inputs

sequentially checks each element in the list until it finds a match or exhausts the list

computer programs or models that imitate real-world scenarios or processes

a type of malicious software (malware) that spreads from one computer to another, aiming to cause damage or steal data,

 a method of encrypting and decrypting data using two related keys: a public key and a private key

Inaccuracies that occur when representing real numbers with finite precision

Things that happen in the system you are programming

Iterates over a subset of the items

Instructions for a computer to execute specific tasks

a computational model that uses multiple, networked computers (or nodes) to solve a problem or perform a task.

A portion of a program’s memory that contain executable instructions

A way of representing data using numbers 0-9

A data structure that holds a sequence of elements

a common practice in software development where two developers work on the same coding task at the same time

a set of rules that govern how data is transmitted and received between devices in a network

the gap between those who have access to technology, the internet and digital literacy training and those who do not

the process of removing elements of a code or program that aren't relevant or that distract from more important elements

the result of processing data, usually by computer

Any written text, illustrations or video that describe a software or program to its users

any software intentionally designed to harm, exploit, or compromise devices, networks, or data

A decision problem that can be solved by an algorithm that halts on all inputs in a reasonable amount of time

Text embedded in a programs code that is used to explain the purpose and or functionality of a section of code

A software development approach that breaks the process of developing a large application into smaller parts

the participation of the general public in scientific research

a fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive info by pretending to be a trustworthy source, often via email or fake websites

Data type that is used to represent text rather than numbers

there is no algorithm that can provide a definite answer for all instances of this problem.

the position or location at which an individual element is stored within a data structure, such as an array

dividing a system into separate modules or components

The result that the computer produces from the user’s input

information that describes other data

a challenge or roadblock

8 bits of digital info

the number of digits or combination of digits that a system uses to represent numbers

Error that occurs when code is syntactically correct but produces an incorrect result

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

which one these is strongest password

A type of coding instruction used to compare values and express and make decisions

systematic and repeatable errors in a computer system that create unfair outcomes