Atoms and the Periodic Table

the attraction between a positive ion & a negative ion (metal + nonmetal atoms); ex: NaCl

Metals tend to gain valence electrons; nonmetals tend to lose valence electrons.

can be drawn into long wires

New Zealand physicist who conducted the “gold foil experiment” and discovered the nucleus

can be hammered into thin sheets

If an atom loses a valence electron, it becomes a negative ion.

a row on the periodic table

an atom or group of atoms that has either a positive or negative charge

a chart showing all of the elements arranged according to the repeating pattern of their properties

How many pairs of electrons are shared in a triple covalent bond?

Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was made of small pieces that could not be cut into smaller parts

Who is the Russian chemist credited with the creation of the periodic table?

the sum of the protons & neutrons in an atom

Danish scientist who suggested the “planetary model” for the atom

An atom is stable when its outer energy level is filled with electrons.

a column on the periodic table; aka “family” (similar properties)

the dense, positively charged center of an atom

the particle in an atom with no charge

a compound that changes color when it contacts an acid or a base (ex: litmus paper)

English physicist who discovered the electron & suggested the “plum pudding model” for the atom

the positively charged particle in an atom

a neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds (ex: F₂, CO₂)

Which of the following is not a tenet of John Dalton’s “atomic theory”?

a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally (ex: H₂)

an ionic compound made of the positive ion from the base and the negative ion from the acid

Which type of compound is characterized by hard, brittle crystals (orderly, 3-D arrangements) and high melting points?

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

atoms with the same number of protons (same element) but different numbers of neutrons (different masses)

the reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water

a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally - slight electric charges on different parts of the molecule

the negatively charged particle in an atom

can conduct electricity under some conditions but not under others

Fluorine (F) has an atomic number of

a one- or two-letter abbreviation representing each element on the periodic table

Mendeleev’s periodic table was arranged according to atomic number; today’s table is arranged according to atomic mass.

the chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons (nonmetal + nonmetal atoms)

All atoms of the same element have different atomic numbers.

Water has a neutral pH (value of 7).

a compound that reacts with metals, tastes sour, & turns blue litmus paper red

the average mass of all the isotopes of an element

a compound that tastes bitter, feels slippery, & turns red litmus paper blue

The 1st energy level can hold a maximum of 2 electrons; the 2nd energy level 8 e-; the 3rd energy level 8 e-.

shiny & reflective

English chemist who constructed the “atomic theory”

a substance that forms when atoms from 2 or more elements bond together

the smallest particle that still can be considered an element

In the “plum pudding model,”

English scientist who discovered the neutron

the ease with which an element combines with another element

In the “planetary model,”

Atoms are neutral (the number of positively charged particles equals the number of negatively charged particles).

electrons found in the outermost (highest) energy level

an ion made of more than 1 atom