CJ/CSI Final Review

Common law is based on this doctrine:

This is an example of why courts had to be invented:

The US criminal court system is a(n) ______ process.

Action taken by a person or a group of people that violates the rules of a society to the point that someone is harmed

The four sources of law are constitutions, statutes, case law, and ____.

This was the first successful bill to create a permanent, public police force:

The major source of nationwide crime date is the _____.

Most law enforcement authority lies at the ____ level.

A case between an individual and the goverment is this type of law:

These three differences make supervising the police much different than supervising the military:

One early method to determine guilt or innocence was _____ ______ ________.

The prosecutor signs search warrants.

Which of the following is what we know with substantial confidence about police use of force?

The master jury list may be compiled from voter registration records and driver's license lists.

When the defense asks the judge to rule that the prosecution has not presented a compelling case against the defendant.

Appellate courts are responsible for ensuring correct application of substantive law.

Double marginality is the double-standard that allows both women and people of color to earn extra points on entry exams

Tort law is a form of criminal law.

The police use this to decide whether to fully enforce the law in a given situation.

The most serious penalties are reserved for these offenses:

The criminal law has developed steadily throughout history, without social or political influence.

The major difference between criminal and civil law is that violations of civil law are not punishable by imprisonment.

Magna Carta limited the king's power and provided for the rights of citizens. It influenced many modern legal principles

Relationships have power differential, balance between the amount of control one has and the amount one is controlled...

Which criminological theory seeks not to explain why people break the law, but what keeps people from breaking the law?

Offenses that occur but are not represented are called the ____ of crime.

The court system of the United States is divided into two entities: _____ and_____.

How might an attorney attempt to exclude a juror?

This former chief led the Supreme Court when it ruled on several cases that expanded the rights of the accused.

The public’s perception of the crime rate does not always accurately reflect the actual crime rate.

Police legitimacy has been a national issue since the late 1700s.

This criminological theory observes that people of color are over-represented at every decision point of the CJ system.

The positivist school of criminology was a natural outgrowth of the rise of the ________.

The earliest explanations for deviant behavior attributes crime to ______.

Courts are generally bound by the decisions of previous courts by the doctrine of precedent, also called _______ ______.

The law not only defines socially unacceptable behaviors, but also regulates how behavior is punished.

___ policing and ____ policing are influenced by broken windows theory.

The equal protection clause of this amendment has been used to help define inmates' rights:

Crime is measured in 4 ways: UCR, NIBRS, victimization surveys, and self-report studies.

Which amendment protects citizens from illegal searches and seizures?

Evidence that police acquire by illegal seizures may be presented in court, according to the Fourth Amendment.

Which is not one of the five activities that divide a prosecutor's energies?

There is a gap between the public's fear of crime and the actual threat of crime.

Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham developed revolutionary ideas about the casues of crime and criminal behavior.

Plea bargaining benefits no one and that's why it is so unpopular.

Which of the following is not an argument used to exclude women from policing?

The rules, habits, and customs a society uses to enforce conformity to its norms are methods of _____.

A defendant can use this to plead guilty to a charge in exchange for other charges being dropped.

These types of crimes seek to deter people from planning and attempting to break the law:

In 1166, this law was enacted to correct some of the problems of the judicial process:

This amendment guards against cruel and unusual punishments:

English policing contributed these three features to US policing:

August Vollmer's police reform movement focused on 6 issues, one was policing should be free of political influence.

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution are called the ___________.

This court room actor is responsible for protecting the interests of the accused:

The defense attorney acts as a gatekeeper in deciding which cases enter the criminal justice system.

Integrated theories of crime recognize that traditional biological, psychological, and sociological theories are limited

The institution of the police is fairly recent.

Which of the following is NOT a goal of the criminal justice system?

This is the questioning of prospective jurors to determine whether they have the necessary qualifications to serve.

The primary institution of socialization in society is _____________.

Diversion programs help increase the number of people who enter the criminal justice system.

Drafting legal documents is one of the five categories of activities that prosecutors engage in.

By pleading guilty or nolo contendere to a lesser included charge, the defendant can reduce a potentially harsh sentence

This term describes how similar cases have been settled by a given set of judges, prosecutors, and attorneys.

Patrol has 3 primary goals: deter crime, enhance feelings of public safety, and make officers available for service.

Because crime is ___, what is considered an offense at one place and time may be considered normal or heroic in another.

Criminal trials are relatively rare.

The occupational culture of the police fosters certain personality characteristics in officers.

Trials by ordeal depended on divine intervention to demonstrate the innocence of the accused.