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Ch 16 Scientific Revolution Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Ch 16 Scientific Revolution Review
Ch 16 Scientific Revolution Review
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1
Maria Sibylla Merian is significant for what reason?
She was a great translator of scientific ideas.
earned a spot in Royal Academy of Science
trained in university of Berlin
She gained fame as an important entomologist
2
The Ptolemaic conception of universe is known as the following...
lunacentric
heliocentric
Geocentric
epistemologically centric
3
How is the work of Blaise Pascal best described?
believed reason had limitations
prioritized reason over faith
it united Christianity and Science
believed reason was the superior to theology
4
Galileo's idea that a body in motion continues unless deflected by an external force is called?
Thermodynamics
Inertia
Gravity
Planetary Motion
5
How did Descartes believe that the world could be understood?
The same principals inherent in mathematical thinking
Quiet contemplation and following of Scriptures
Mystical experiences
Magical experiences
6
How are scholars devoted to Hermeticism best described?
Nature is a living embodiment of divinity, math and magic can control.
they believed world was very recent and still imperfect
they were strong Catholics
they credited the devil with control over dark secrets of nature
7
This Scientist's work led to law that volume of gas varies with pressure exerted upon it, and matter is composed of atom
Einstein
Robert Boyle
Andreas Vesalius
Paracelsus
8
How are organized religions best described in the 17th century?
they rejected scientific discoveries they saw as conflicting with Bible.
Contributed greatly to scientific research
They embraced the changing evidences in science
They were indifferent
9
How did Galileo's book
Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems
seek to support Copernicus?
Publish the book in Italian instead of Latin to educate the masses.
Expose his errors and correct them
None of the above.
attack Luther and the Protestants
10
Who created the
Three laws of planetary motion
that disproved the Ptolemaic system?
Nicolas Copernicus
Johannes Ikea
Johannes Kepler
Tycho Brahe
11
What was the cosmological view of antiquity and the Middle ages for the center of the universe?
The Sun
A Diety
The Earth
Heaven
12
In what areas were the greatest achievements in science in the 16th and 17th century?
Astronomy, medicine, mechanics
theology, chemistry, nuclear physics
Astronomy, botany, chemistry
Biology, mechanics, ballistics
13
William Harvey's
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood
refuted which formerly held understanding.
brain stem was disconnected from the brain, no blood flows to it.
Blood is purple by nature and turns red when oxygenated
Immune system was located in blood and pancreas
Liver was the beginning point of circulation of blood
14
How is Antoine Lavoisier best described?
gave proof to Newton's theory
Founder of modern chemistry
was missing a nose from a former duel
reconciled religion and reason
15
How did Paracelsus revolutionize medicine in 16th century?
Dissecting human, rather than animal cadavers
He used morphine to control pain.
Advocating chemical philosophy of medicine
Disproved Galen's theory of two seperate blood systems
16
Kepler was the first astronomer to show which of the following?
Planetary orbits are elliptical
moon is NOT made of cheese
stars are immensely far away
Planets are made of earth like material
17
Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove which of the following?
Planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth.
Planets will align and cause the beginning of Armageddon
the earth is the center of the solar system
accurate observation is the foundation of sound theory.
18
How is Newton's world-machine best described?
It created new cosmology in which world was seen in mechanistic terms.
it needs WD-40
referred to his alchemist assertion that the world machine coule make gold.
suggested secret of natural world could not be revealed by humans.
19
Scientific societies of early modern Europe first established which of the following?
Regularly published scientific journals
Cool uniforms and lab coats
Fund raising for Science
code of ethics for experimentation
20
Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on which of the following?
Conductive reasoning
deductive reasoning
Speculative reasoning
Inductive reasoning
21
What was Brahe's contribution to the advancement of astronomy?
Theory of inertia
the square root of pi
accurate observations of the planets and recorded data.
pull of gravity on tides by the moon
22
Why did Copernicus support the sun centered model?
He was Catholic and was backing up their beliefs.
It offered a simpler and more accurate explanation for what he observed.
He was protestant, and felt free to interpret scripture in nonliterally.
It earned him entry into the Royal Academy of Science
23
Who claimed that God was not just the creator of the universe; God was the Universe
Benedict de Spinoza
Marco Polo
Rene Descartes
Balboa
24
Who was the first European to make systemic observations by telescope?
Martin Luther
Copernicus
Galileo
Brahe
25
According to Spinoza, failure to understand God led to which of the Following?
False worship of nature
people using nature for their own self-interest
practicing withcraft
a lack of moral judgment of others
26
How is Rene Descartes' philosophy best described?
He said to question everything
stressed holistic universe of mind and matter devoid of God
He saw material world as a living thing containing human essence
speraration of mind and matter
27
How did clerics initially respond to Copernicus Theories?
Condemnation by Protestants like Luther and his followers.
broad approval due to their motivation for education in sciences.
They were uninterested and did not see how it pertained to Scripture.
Papal support from Rome, praising his thinking.
28
Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries are best described as...
Modern in their removal of God from universal laws
Readily accepted in his own country, but resisted on the continent.
not significant at all.
Resisted in his own country, England, than the rest of Europe
29
The inquisition of Galileo found him guilty of teaching condemned idea, what was his sentence?
Burned at the stake
5 years hard labor
House arrest
Thrown into the waters and tried as a witch
30
Who was Maria Winklemann?
She was a German Astronomer
She made a mean pumpkin pie
Became member of Royal Society
She was an English aristocrat
