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JSRHS Bio Final Review 2015 (with cute pictures of my children to distract you) Flashcards | StudBud
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JSRHS Bio Final Review 2015 (with cute pictures of my children to distract you)
JSRHS Bio Final Review 2015 (with cute pictures of my children to distract you)
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Final Exam Prep for Biology
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141 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Which phrase best describes the process of meiosis?
occurs in body cells
happens only in haploid cells
produces haploid gametes
results in genetically identical cells
2
Evolution is considered to be one of the most important theories in science, because it
was developed more than 100 years ago.
is not supported by the fossil record.
unites the fields of biology, geology, chemistry, & ecology.
was discovered by Charles Darwin, a famous scientist.
3
The function of the light-dependent reactions is to
capture and transfer energy.
form water molecules.
release carbon dioxide.
build sugars.
4
A kidney cell is an example of which type of cell?
haploid cell
somatic cell
germ cell
sex cell
5
Fossil fuels are part of which of the following cycles?
carbon cycle
phosphorus cycle
hydrologic cycle
nitrogen cycle
6
Fossils of marine organisms high in the Andes Mountains led Darwin to conclude that
interspecific variation had taken place.
Earth is 6000 years old.
grea tchange can happen over time.
an earthquake had taken place.
7
At fertilization, what happens to the sex cells?
Half of the cells copy their DNA twice.
They retain half of their chromosomes.
One becomes an egg, and one becomes a sperm cell.
Their nuclei fuse to form one nucleus.
8
Mammal and reptile embryos are protected by amniotic fluid. What is this type of trait called?
derived character
cladogram
outgroup
molecularevidence
9
Features that have different functions, but similar structures are known as
analogous structures.
vestigial structures.
homologous structures.
fossil structures.
10
Which sequence shows the progression from least complex structure to most complex structure?
organ system → tissue → organ → cell
cell→ tissue → organ → organ system
cell→ organ → tissue → organ system
organ system → organ → tissue → cell
11
Specialized structures that work together inside a cell are called
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
organelles
nuclei
12
Proteins are composed of which molecules?
nucleic acids
monosaccharides
fatty acids
amino acids
13
Which of the following statements is true of asexual reproduction?
It produces genetically identical offspring.
It produces few offspring.
It produces offspring that are resistant toantibiotics.
It produces genetic diversity.
14
Two organisms that are closely related would have
completely different DNA sequences.
exactly the same DNA sequences.
very similar DNA sequences.
no proteins in common.
15
Each level in a food chain contains less energy than the one below it because some energy is
consumed by carnivores.
lostas heat.
incorporated into biomass.
added to the system.
16
What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?
evolution from a distant common ancestor
no evolutionary relationship between the groups
similar environments in the past
recent common ancestry
17
Which of the following is a fossil?
a group of similar organisms that can reproduce
a trace of an organism that existed in the past
a plant that has recently died
a structure or organ that no longer functions
18
How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?
44
46
23
22
19
Which of the following statements is true for
all
cells?
They use photosynthesis.
They use solar energy.
They use chemosynthesis.
They use chemical energy.
20
The carrying capacity is most likely to change
when resources remain the same.
for all species at the same time.
if emigration takes place.
after a fire or flood.
21
In which stage of the cell cycle do the nucleus and its contents divide?
synthesis
gap 2
gap 1
mitosis
22
A diagram that shows the numbers of individual organisms at each trophic level is called a(n)
energy pyramid.
biomass pyramid.
pyramid of numbers.
inverted pyramid.
23
Which of the following is an important characteristic of a scientific theory?
proven by more than one scientist
accepted by the public
unchanged by new evidence
supported by much evidence
24
The jelly-like substance that is contained inside the cell membrane is...
cytoplasm
DNA
organelle
nucleus
25
Which statement is true of a sex-linked recessive gene?
In an XY male, this recessive gene is always expressed.
In an XX female, it is always passed to offspring.
In an XX female, only one copy is needed for expression.
In an XY male, one copy is always inactivated.
26
The difference in physical traits of an individual from those of others in a group is called
variation
species
adaptation
change
27
If a gene for flower color is linked with a gene for leaf shape, which is true of this pair?
They are close together on the same chromosome.
They have similar loci on homologous chromosomes.
They likely will be inherited separately.
They cross over separately during recombination.
28
Which phrase best describes translation?
converts mRNA into a polypeptide
produces RNA from DNA molecules
recyclest RNA molecules for reuse
breaks bonds between amino acids
29
Choose the
RNA
strand that would be complementary to the following DNA strand: GTAGTCA
UATUAGA.
ACGACTG.
CATCAGT.
CAUCAGU.
30
A moose is considered to be a consumer because it
forms carbohydrates using chemicals.
uses sunlight for energy.is not in any ecosystem.
gets energy by eating other resources.
makes its own food.
31
In an experiment, the condition that is manipulated by a scientist is the
control condition
constraint
dependent variable
independent variable
32
At all levels of life, when related parts interact to form a whole they form a
species
biosphere
cell
system
33
The difference in concentration of dissolved particles from one location to another is called
a concentration gradient.
a concentrated solution
saline solution.
dynamic gradient.
34
The theory that landforms were created as the result of sudden spectacular events is called
catastrophism.
gradualism.
evolution.
uniformitarianism.
35
Why is water necessary to your body?
It forms the solutes in blood plasma.
It prevents large changes in blood pH.
It dissolves nonpolar fats and oils.
It dissolves and transports substances.
36
The main light-absorbing molecules found in plant leaves are called
chlorophyll
thylakoids
grana
chloroplasts
37
Which phrase best describes the effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction?
decreases the reaction rate
decreases the activation energy
increases the volume of reactants.
increases the temperature.
38
A membrane-bound sac used to transport substances into and out of cells is a
macrophage.
pump.
vesicle.
lysosome.
39
During the gap 1 stage of the cell cycle, a cell
divides its cytoplasm
splits into two new cells.
duplicates its DNA.
carries out its normal functions.
40
Which of the following limits the maximum size of a cell?
the size of the organism
the stage of the cell cycle
the ratio of cell surface area to volume
the number of mitochondria in the cell
41
Which of the following statements best describes the process of photosynthesis?
Plants use oxygen to make simple sugars.
Chlorophyll builds sugars in the thylakoid membrane.
Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and store chemical energy.
Light breaks down water molecules & releases carbon dioxide.
42
Which phrase best describes cancer?
absence of cyclins
presence of genetic defects
uncontrolled cell growth
multiple gene mutations
43
DNA and RNA are two types of
nucleic acids
proteins
lipids
carbohydrates
44
Hair color and eye color are examples of a person’s
phenotype.
dominant alleles.
genotype.
recessive traits.
45
Which phrase about fermentation is correct?
isan aerobic process
uses electron transport chain
only occurs in bacteria
takes place without oxygen
46
Oak trees > mice > snakes > eagles How many trophic levels does this food chain have?
4
3
none
2
47
Which of the following would be considered the strongest evidence that two species are related?
went extinct at the same time
common structures
classified in the same order
similar genes
48
Using purebred peas enabled Mendel to determine that variations in offspring were the result of
genetic uniformity.
self-pollination.
his crossings.
random mutations.
49
Choose the DNA (Not RNA!) sequence that is complementary to the base sequence ACCGTAT?
GTTACGC.
CAATGCG.
UCCGTAT.
TGGCATA.
50
The basis for the energy in an ecosystem is provided by
heterotrophs.
consumers.
chemosynthesis.
producers.
51
Where does most of the phosphorus cycle take place?
in the atmosphere
close to rocky terrain
on fungi near plant roots
at and below ground level
52
A solution with a high concentration of H
+
ions
shows a pH of 7.
has a high pH.
is very acidic.
kills all organisms.
53
Genetic variation can arise from a random change in the DNA of a gene. This change is called a
allele.
mutation.
geneflow.
genepool.
54
Which invention played the biggest role in the discovery of cells by early scientists?
lens
eyeglasses
magnifying glass
compound microscope
55
The water cycle is also called the...
nitrogen cycle.
biogeochemical cycle.
oxygen cycle.
hydrologic cycle.
56
An individual living thing is called a(n)
organism.
species.
atom.
cell.
57
Biogeography is the study of the
age of fossils around the world.
environments around the world.
distribution of organisms around the world.
different types of rocks around the world.
58
A ligand produces a response in a cell if it finds the right kind of
hormone.
receptor.
membrane.
carbohydrate.
59
What happens during the process of nitrogen fixation?
Bacteria absorb ammonia and excrete ammonium.
Bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia.
Bacteria grow on nodules on plant roots.
Bacteria change ammonium into nitrate.
60
Which is the term for the proteins that organizes long strands of DNA into tight coils?
histones
centromeres
telomeres
chromatids
61
Which of the following is the site of transcription?
ribosome
vacuole
lysosome
nucleus
62
What holds base pairs together?
nitrogen-carbon bonds
sugar-phosphate backbones.
hydrogen bonds.
pairsof double-ringed nucleotides.
63
Which of the following statements best describes cellular respiration?
ATP and oxygen are used to make sugars and starches.
ATP and carbon dioxide are used to make ADP and water.
Sunlight and carbon dioxide are used to make ATP.
Carbon-based molecules and oxygen areused to make ATP.
64
Which category of carbon-based molecules includes sugars and starches?
proteins
phospholipids
carbohydrates
unsaturated fatty acids
65
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
the fins of a shark
thewings of red-tailed hawks
the hind limbs of a house cat
the wings of an ostrich
66
Generally, mutations that affect a single gene occur during
translation.
replication.
transcription.
operation.
67
Which of the following did Erwin Chargaff conclude about the ratios of the four bases?
A + T = C + G.
A = T and C = G.
A = C and G = T.
A = C = G = T.
68
Which of the following are end products of glycolysis?
pyruvate, NADH, and ATP
two three-carbon molecules, ATP, and NAD+
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
NAD+,oxygen, and two ATP molecules
69
The part of cellular respiration in whichglucose is broken down is called
electron transport.
photosynthesis.
glycolysis.
aerobic respiration.
70
Fats, oils, and cholesterol are all types of
lipids.
hormones.
cell membranes.
fatty acids.
71
Water moves into a cell when the solution surrounding the cell is
concentrated.
isotonic.
hypertonic.
hypotonic.
72
The processes of mitosis and cytokinesis produce two identical
strands.
daughter cells.
chromosomes.
chromatids.
73
What is the main difference between binary fission and mitosis?
Binary fission occurs in single-celled organismsonly.
Mitosis takes place only in sexual reproduction.
There is no DNA replication in binary fission.
Two parents are required for mitotic reproduction.
74
Genes that are located on sex chromosomes are called
alleles
XY
recessive
sex-linked
75
The basic unit of life is
DNA
the cell.
an atom.
a species
76
Where does the chemical energy to produce ATP come from?
the conversion of ATP to ADP
breakdown of carbon-based molecules into smaller molecules
the addition of a phosphate group to ATP
theu se of chemicals from the environment to build sugars
77
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
serine
amine
codon
base
78
Two products of the Krebs cycle are
ATP and O2.
ADP and H2O
O2 and CO2.
ATP and CO2.
79
Which of the following describes natural selection?
It acts on existing physical traits.
It acts on genetic material directly.
It forms new traits.
It forms new genetic material.
80
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis need
water.
carbon dioxide.
cellulose.
oxygen.
81
Which process breaks down sugars to make ATP when oxygen is present?
photosynthesis
glycolysis
cellular respiration
anaerobic respiration
82
What do the letters inside the grid of a Punnett square represent?
phenotypes of parents
chromosomes of parents
genotypes of offspring
test crosses of offspring
83
Which phrase best defines a gene?
inherited trait
slice of a specimen
basic unit of life
segment of DNA
84
Unlike a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell doesnot have
DNA
a nucleus
cytoplasm
a cell membrane
85
Unlike passive transport, active transport requires
concentration gradients.
diffusion.
vesicles.
energy from the cell.
86
An organism that makes its own food is called a
chloroplast.
heterotroph.
consumer.
producer.
87
The amount of energy that needs to be added for a chemical reaction to start is the...
chemical energy
activation energy
bond energy
reactant energy
88
The four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for their
nitrogen-containing bases.
ring-shaped sugars.
phosphate groups.
hydrogen bonds.
89
The maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism is known as
structure specialization.
negative feedback.
adaptation.
homeostasis.
90
Which of the following taxa would generally contain the most members?
phylum
class
species
order
91
Which two biogeochemical cycles depend directly on photosynthesis?
the oxygen cycle and the carbon cycle
the carbon cycle and the phosphorus cycle
the hydrologic cycle and the oxygen cycle
the nitrogen cycle and the phosphorus cycle
92
Which is a term for a group of similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring?
population
individual
fossil
species
93
Which of the following is correctly written in the binomial nomenclature system?
kingdom
Canis lupus
Ailurus Fulgens
Red wolf
94
Which phrase best describes the function of the ATP molecule?
stores energy long-term
carries energy briefly
converts light energy
constantly absorbs energy
95
Which phrase best describes the property of selective permeability?
all ions pass
some molecules pass
all molecules pass
large molecules pass
96
Which of these characteristics is shared by all living things?
They have similar responses to light.
They reproduce when one cell divides into two.
They make their own chemical energy.
They are made up of one or more cells.
97
The term biomass refers to the total
unused material excreted as waste.
mass of all living things on Earth.
dry mass of the organisms in a given area.
producer-to-consumer ratio.
98
Watson and Crick discovered that two strands of DNA join together to form a(n)
X in a circle.
covalent bond.
nucleotide.
double helix.
99
Which of the following is the site of translation?
vacuole
nucleus
ribosome
lysosome
100
The more genetic variation a population has, the more likely it is that some individuals will
survive.
migrate.
evolve.
mutate.
101
Over time, adaptations can lead populations to experience
geologic changes.
extinctions.
environmental changes.
genetic changes.
102
Replication is semi-conservative. This means that every new DNA molecule is composed of
two strands that mix original and new DNA.
one strand of DNA and one strand of RNA.
one original and one new strand of DNA.
two completely identical strands of DNA.
103
Food webs are models that show
only primary consumers in an ecosystem.
stored energy in food chains.
one sequence of producers and consumers.
networks of feeding relationships.
104
The cell theory states: all organisms are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of life; and
all existing cells form by free-cell formation.
all existing cells are produced by other livingcells.
allcells have a nucleus.
allcells are eukaryotic.
105
Which of the following organisms uses cellular respiration for their cellular energy needs?
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
plants only
animals only
106
What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?
1:2:2:1
1:2:1
3:1
9:3:3:1
107
Which phrase best describes the term
genome
?
the genes that make up an organism
the genetic makeup of a chromosome
the sum of an organism’s physical traits
the location of a specific set of genes
108
Theterm biosphere refers to the parts of Earth that contain
land masses.
living things.
greater biodiversity.
freshwater environments.
109
Which phrase best describes the process of crossing over?
Pairs of homologous chromosomes exchange segments.
Pairs of homologous chromosomes become linked.
Pairs of sister chromatids exchange segments.
Pairs of sister chromatids become linked.
110
Most producers get energy from the Sun using the process of
photosynthesis.
consumption.
chemosynthesis.
respiration.
111
The process that makes an exact copy of a cell’s DNA is called
transcription
conservation
replication
translation
112
Which of the following observations did Mendel make as a result of dihybrid cross experiments?
Recessive traits are inherited unpredictably.
Different traits are inherited separately.
Dominant traits are inherited together.
Similar traits are inherited in pairs.
113
What provides the electron transport chain in cellular respiration with the energy it needs?
Krebs cycle
chlorophyll
ATP synthase
glycolysis
114
Predation is best described as
one species benefits and other is not affected.
one organism capturing and eating another
two organisms competing for limited resources.
an interaction in which two species benefit from each other.
115
Which best explains why the shape of teeth differs according to the diet of a species?
Organisms must maintain homeostasis.
Organisms interact with other organisms.
Structure and function are related in biology.
Individual parts must work together.
116
What is the term for an organism that makes its own source of chemical energy?
decomposer
protist
chloroplast
producer
117
A model that shows a single sequence of feeding relationships is called a
trophic level.
food chain.
foodweb.
feeding pathway.
118
Which organelles supply energy to the cell?
centrosomes
vacuoles
ribosomes
mitochondria
119
The movement of molecules down a concentration gradient through transport proteins is a type of
selective transport.
facilitated diffusion.
energy expenditure.
osmosis.
120
If a pea plant were homozygous recessive for height, how would its alleles be represented?
TT
tt
tT
Tt
121
A primary difference between transcription and replication is that transcription
proceeds according to careful cellular control
occurs within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
happens repeatedly throughout a single cell cycle.
is catalyzed by large and complex enzymes.
122
Which process uses proteins to move molecules against a concentration gradient?
endocytosis
phagocytosis
passive transport
active transport
123
The correct order for the levels of Linnaeus’s classification system, from general to specific:
kingdom, species, class order, family, genus, phylum.
species, genus, kingdom, family, order, class, phylum.
phylum, kingdom, family, class, order, genus, species.
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus,species.
124
Which is a true statement about biology’s unanswered questions?
unlikely to change anything
rarely depend on technology
many remain unasked
few existed in the past
125
Which aspects of life on Earth are accounted for by evolution?
interaction and conflict
diversity and unity
lack of genetic and physical change
divergence of structure and function
126
A diagram that shows how available energy is distributed among trophic levels is called a(n)
pyramid of numbers.
food pyramid.
energy pyramid.
food web.
127
Vegetative reproduction, budding, and fragmentationare examples of
reproduction through binary fission.
increased genetic variation.
asexual mitotic reproduction.
prokaryotic colony formation.
128
At which stage would scientists find out if their hypotheses were supported by their data?
testing hypothesis
observing
describing results
analyzing data
129
Decomposers are important to ecosystems because they
can be omnivores.
capture energy from the Sun.
return vital nutrients to the environment.
are producers.
130
The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows in one direction from
genes to nuclei to ribosomes.
DNA to RNA to proteins.
nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm.
ribosomes to proteins to DNA.
131
What is the term for the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane?
isotonic
transport
equilibrium
osmosis
132
In a cladogram, what represents the most recent common ancestor shared by a clade?
a mark by the clade’s derived character
the overlapping of one clade upon another
the node where branches meet
the longest branch
133
Someone who is heterozygous for a disorder caused by recessive alleles is a carrier.This person
has a dominant normal allele that has beeninactivated.
can develop the disorder later in life but cannotpass it on.
does not have the disorder but can pass it on to offspring.
passes the disorder to offspring on the Y chromosome only.
134
A sequence of biotic changes that regenerate or create an ecological community is known as
erosion.
succession.
migration.
factors.
135
A beneficial inherited trait that is passed on to future generations is a(n)
adaptation.
homeostatic mechanism.
system.
stimulus.
136
Cells use active transport proteins to
engulf large particles.
detect the charge of molecules.
break down molecules.
obtain molecules they need.
137
Which phrase best describes passive transport?
requires an isotonic solution
requires no energy from the cell
requires facilitation by enzymes
requires transport proteins
138
Gametogenesisis the term for
the fertilization of eggs.
the production of gametes.
the development of polar bodies.
the movement of sperm.
139
Which of the following best describes the genetic material a person receives from their father?
23 diploid cells and an X and Y chromosome
22 autosomes and an X or Y chromosome
22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and an X and Y chromosome
22 haploid cells and an X or Y chromosome
140
Which description distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?
ll eukaryotes are photosynthetic.
All eukaryotes have a cell wall.
All eukaryotes are multicellular.
All eukaryotes have a nucleus.
141
The term for a cross that involves just onetrait, such as pod shape, is called a
test cross.
monohybrid cross.
homozygous cross.
dihybrid cross.
