Final Exam Review 4

The _______ is the region of earth (air, water, and land) where living things exist. The total of all Earth's ecosystems

A _______ consists of all various populations in an area

Which table provides information on survivorship, mortality, life expectancy, and resulting age-specific data

Another name for logisitc growth is restricted growth

Demography uses life tables and survivorship curves for data

Changes in top-down control cause conspicious effects two or three links away in a food web is called:

Tree fall gaps in forests are examples of what kind of disturbance?

The Age Structure on the left describes Mexico's male and female populations. The diagram is describing what?

A ________ is all the members of the same species that inhabit a particular area

_____ organisms can reproduce multiple times after reaching sexual maturity and must balance energy allocation

Migration is typically ignored, expect in HUMAN populations

Type 3 curves describe what kind of organisms in survivorship curves?

The average number of female offspring produced by a single female in the course of her lifetime is called:

What kind of succession begins after an existing community has been cleared by some disturbance?

An interaction that benefits all participating species (+/+) is called

Learn this diagram to understand how energy is transfered

The study of the interactions of organisms w/ each other and with the physical environment is called:

A sum total of a species' use of available resources is called:

What are the three key components in a community structure for species diversity?

Non-indigenous species that adversely effect that habitats they invade, economically, environmentally or ecologically is

The fraction of biomass transferred from one trophic level to the next is called:

Habitat loss leads to fewer species

The most populous country in the world is:

The Earth's surface is heated evenly

Type 1 curves describe what kind organsims in survivorship curves

Organisms with high ______ grow slowly, invest energy and time in traits, and produce relatively few offspring at a time

What is the estimated current population?

An interaction between species that occurs when they use the same limited resource (-/-) is called

_____ provides number of survivors in log scale where the y-axis allows you to show percent change

_______ is the number of individuals of a species that a particular environment can support

Sunlight does not penetrate deeply into water

What life table provides information like survivorship, life expentancy, reproduction, reproductive rate per age class

All the species living in a particular is called a community

Organisms with ____ fecundity grow quickly, reach sexual maturity at a young age, and produce many small eggs or seeds

A great example of an organism used in Cohort life tables is Phlox drummondii

Linear scales are the right way to use data when making a survivorship curve

The age structure of a population reflects its growth characteristics, and can change

Species that are dominated that live longer, are larger in size, and have good competitors for resources are what?

Temperatures have not varied through Earth's history

_______ table is constructed from age structure of population at a single point

_______ is the change in the number of individuals (N) per unit of time (t)

Biomes are dependent on the temperature and rainfall changes

Humans, glaciers, hurricanes, and fires are all examples of what kind of disturbance?

Type 2 curves describe what kind of organisms in survivorship curves?

Density Dependent Growth can be described has a Logistic growth model

Early successional communities are dominated by species that:

Cohort and Static life tables are a great tool for studying demography

When did China's one child policy begin?

Every individual has an unlimited amount of time and energy (resources are unlimited)

The numbers of human population are still rising rapidly but can differ in growth rates

Garlic mustard, japanese honeysuckle, stink bugs, and emerald ashborer are all invasive species in the United states

Examples of Density dependence are coral-reef fish and song sparrows

What population growth model has a constant growth rate, no limits to size of population and always increases

What pattern describes this type of population growth?

When did China abandon the one child policy?

The study of the interactions of organisms with each other and with the physical environment is called:

A interaction in which one species is eating all or part of another species (+/-) is called

Lowered fitness of both individuals is an outcome of which interaction?

A ________ is the community plus its nonliving habitat, including abiotic and biotic components

What kind of succession begins with a virtually lifeless area; all organisms and soil is removed?

______ is the relative ability of an individual to reproduce

The unit of biomass produced per unit of area each year is:

Solar energy (temperature), water, wind, soil, oxygen, etc are allm examples of what kind of factors?

What kind of effects do humans have on the global water cycle?

Examples like new volcanic island, glacial retreat, lake michigan dunes are what kind of succession?

Temperate grasslands, temperate forests, tropical wet forest, and the artic tundra are all examples of:

When b is as high as possible and d is as low as possible, r reaches maximum value called the ________

The Age Structure diagram of the United States male and female populations. The diagram describes what?

Niche differentiation is an outcome of which of the following interactions?

_____ organisms invest all energy into growth and survival early in life, reproduce once, and then die

Predation, herbivory, and parasitism are all outcomes of what interactions?

The process of recovery and development of communities after a disturbance is called ecological succession

Mammals, birds, and most trees are great examples of what kind of organisms?

The study of factors that determine the size and structure of populations through time is called:

A predator limits a prey population describes:

What kind of population growth is described in the graph below?

What happens when the population reaches carrying capacity and why?

Annual plants, insects, and century plants are examples of what kind of organisms?