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Biology EOC Review
Biology EOC Review
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1
What type of growth is effected by limiting factors and shows fluctuations?
exponential growth
logistic growth
sigmoid growth curve
2
A horse has 60 chromosomes in its body cells. How many chromosomes does it have in its gametes?
15
45
30
60
3
What type of dominance results in an intermediate phenotype that shows both phenotypes?
codominance
incomplete dominance
sex-linked
dominant
4
What is the
monomer
of a
protein
?
triglyceride
monosaccharide
amino acid
nucleotide
5
Which of the following illustrates how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to Protein.
Transcription, Replication
Transcription, Translation
Translation, Transcription
Replication, Transcription
6
What are the
reactants
of cellular respiration?
ATP and carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
glucose and carbon dioxide
glucose and oxygen
7
Which are attached to the rough ER?
vacuoles
ribosomes
vesicles
lysosomes
8
The ____ are the genes of an organism, while the ____ are the physical traits expressed.
genotype; phenotype
allele; gene
phenotype; genotype
dominant; recessive
9
What is the term for the # of individuals an environment can support for a long period of time?
exponential growth
logistic growth
carrying capacity
10
What is another name for organisms (such as
plants
) that are able to make their own food?
prey
heterotrophs
consumers
autotrophs
11
List the levels of ecological organization in order from smallest to largest:
organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere, biome
population, organism, biome, biosphere, community
organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
organism, community, population, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
12
What do the arrows show in a food web?
energy flow
producers
consumers
13
What is the function of the nucleus?
creates sugar
control center of the cell; contains the genetic information
packages, modifies, and ships molecules
makes and transports proteins
14
What happens during
transcription
?
Protein is made when ribosomes read the DNA message
Protein is made when ribosomes read the RNA message
RNA is transcribed into DNA
DNA is transcribed into an RNA message.
15
Organisms that share similar DNA are said to have _____.
experienced convergent evolution
a common ancestor
a similar environment
a phenotypic relationship
16
DNA is made of nucleotides. Which of the following is
NOT
part of a nucleotide?
lipid
sugar
nitrogen base
phosphate group
17
Which group is most diverse?
Spiders
Vertebrates
Plants
Roundworms
18
Name the levels of ecological organization in order starting with organism.
Organism-Community-Population-Ecosystem-Biosphere
Organism-Community-Ecosystem-Population-Biosphere
Organism-Ecosystem-Community-Population-Biosphere
Organism-Population-Community-Ecosystem-Biosphere
19
Cellular Respiration occurs in this organelle.
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Chloroplast
Nucleus
20
A red blood cell is placed in solution and it shrivels and shrinks. This solution must be:
isotonic
hyperactive
hypertonic
hypotonic
21
What is an example
biotic factor
that affects this ecosystem?
sunlight
temperature (heat)
fungi
water
22
What type of symbiotic relationship involves one organism killing and consuming another?
predation
parasitism
mutualism
commensalism
23
What is the function of the mitochondria?
creates sugars
transports proteins
creates proteins
creates energy (ATP)
24
Which of the following is not a part of the Cell Theory?
Cells come from pre-existing cells.
Cells are the basic unit of life.
Cells are the building block of everything on earth.
All living things are composed of cells.
25
What type of symbiotic relationship involves two organisms fighting over the same resource?
mutualism
competition
parasitism
commensalism
26
If a person on a pedigree is affected by a specific trait, how is the shape changed?
Their shape is changed from a circle to a square.
Their shape is changed from a square to a circle.
A slash is placed above their shape.
Their shape is shaded in.
27
_____ is the cellular division of body cells.
Meiosis
Mitosis
28
A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely be transferred to --
the other organisms living nearby
the mating partner of the organism
the offspring of the organism
the siblings of the organism
29
The data in the graph helped ecologists identify which environmental problem?
Desertification
A hole in the ozone layer.
Global warming.
Habitat fragmentation.
30
What type of growth has no limits and never stops increasing?
exponential growth
sigmoid growth curve
logistic growth
31
Which macromolecule is a source of stored energy and is made of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
32
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
water and oxygen
carbon dioxide and oxygen
oxygen and glucose
33
Meiotic cell division results in gametes that produce sperm or eggs by ___.
increasing the daughter chromosome number by 75%
reducing the daughter chromosome number by 50%
increasing the daughter chromosome number by 50%
reducing the daughter chromosome number by 75%
34
What organelle controls Calcium levels, makes lipids, and transports items throughout the cell?
rough ER
smooth ER
lysosome
chloroplast
35
Stem cells are...
specialized cells that are already differentiated
unspecialized cells that are not able to renew themselves
specialized cells that are not able to renew themselves
unspecialized cells that are able to be programmed to become any cell type
36
Which best explains why a pyramid is used to represent energy flow in ecosystems?
Available energy increases as you move up the pyramid
Available energy decreases as you move up the pyramid
Population size increases as you move up the pyramid
The size of organisms decreases as you move up the pyramid
37
Which process does this equation represent?
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Photosynthesis
Nitrogen Fixation
38
Evolution by natural selection is only possible due to ___ among organisms within a population.
asexual reproduction
variation
changes
similarities
39
The products of photosynthesis are _____.
Glucose and Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide and Water
Oxygen and Water
Water and Glucose
40
Where does Cellular Respiration occur?
nucleus
chloroplast
golgi body
mitochondria
41
How are carriers of genes represented on a pedigree?
Circles
Partially Shaded
Squares
Completely shaded
42
Which technique would most likely be used by forensic scientists?
karyotyping
gene cloning
DNA fingerprinting
gene therapy
43
What type of cell transport requires energy?
active transport
facilitated diffusion
slow diffusion
diffusion
44
Which of the following correctly describes the growth curve of this bacterial population?
Logistic
Demographic
Exponential
Limiting
45
What are the
products
of cellular respiration?
glucose and oxygen
glucose and carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
ATP and carbon dioxide
46
Protein synthesis has two steps: transcription and translation. Where does
translation
occur.
nucleus
cytoplasm at the ribosome
chloroplast
mitochondria
47
Which macromolecule provides your body with quick energy?
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Proteins
48
A red blood cell is placed in solution and it doesn't swell or shrink. This solution must be:
hypotonic
hyperactive
hypertonic
isotonic
49
If humans kill most of the giant tritons in a coral reef, the coral populations will likely __.
increase due to an increase in the parrot fish population
decrease due to a decrease in the parrot fish population
decrease due to an increase in the crown-of-thorns sea stars
increase due to a decrease in the corn-of-thorns sea stars
50
What is the term for the following definition: alternate/different forms of a trait or gene.
dominant
heterozygous
allele
recessive
51
What trophic level has the most biomass?
primary consumers
secondary consumers
tertiary consumers
autotrophs
52
What is the end result of meiosis?
four genetically unique cells
two daughter cells with half the DNA as the parent cell
two identical daughter cells
two daughter cells with double the DNA as the parent cell
53
Which macromolecule is is composed of nucleotides?
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
54
What is the
monomer
of a
carbohydrate
?
monosaccharide
nucleotide
amino acid
triglyceride
55
What two
high energy molecules
are made during photosynthesis?
NADPH and ATP
Sugar and Oxygen
ATP and Oxygen
Sugar and ATP
56
What is an
INDEPENDENT
variable?
Factors in an experiment that remain the same
Factors in an experiment changed by the experimenter
Factors that respond to the independent variable
57
What is the end result of mitosis?
two daughter cells with double the DNA as the parent cell
two genetically unique cells
two daughter cells with half the DNA as the parent cell
two identical daughter cells
58
What type of cells are created at the end of meiosis?
gametes (sperm and eggs)
two identical daughter cells
skin cells
none of the above
59
Protein synthesis has two steps: transcription and translation. Where does
transcription
occur.
mitochondria
chloroplast
cytoplasm at the ribosome
nucleus
60
Why is a male unable to be a carrier for an x-linked gene?
Females have an X and Y chromosome
Males have an X and Y chromosome
Females have two X chromosomes
Males have two X chromosomes
61
What is the common ending of all enzyme names?
-uce
-ose
-ase
-ice
62
What is the most complex type of cell?
mitochondrion
eukaryote
prokaryote
bacteria
63
Genetic diversity is due to _____.
Mitosis
Binary fission
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
64
Any change in genetic material is known as a _____.
altercation
mutation
trait
mutagen
65
What is the function of the ribosome?
packages, modifies, and ships molecules
where proteins are made (protein synthesis)
creates sugar
control center of the cell; contains the genetic information
66
What is another name for organisms (such as
animals
) that must eat to get food?
heterotrophs
autotrophs
producers
ecology
67
What is the longest stage of the cell cycle?
Interphase
S
G1
G2
68
Which of the following is a difference
between
DNA and RNA?
They are both double stranded
They both have the same nitrogen bases
DNA has adenine and RNA has uracil
DNA has thymine but RNA has uracil
69
What type of organism only eats other animals?
omnivore
herbivore
carnivore
70
What is an example
abiotic factor
that affects this ecosystem?
fungi
sunlight
insects
bacteria
71
Which of the following has the greatest amount of energy to transfer to the next level?
Mouse
Grain
Snake
Hawk
72
A virus is non-living because_____.
it can replicate
it can evolve
it does not contain cells
it does not contain DNA or RNA
73
The graph supports which piece of information?
As body mass increases, oxygen consumption increases
As body mass decreases, oxygen consumption decreases
Oxygen consumption and body mass are not related
As body mass increases, oxygen consumption decreases
74
A functionless structure in a present day organism that once had a function for an ancestor is
an analogous structure
a homologous structure
a vestigial structure
75
If mom and dad are heterozygous for brown eyes, what is the chance of having a hetero child?
100%
50%
75%
25%
76
What type of symbiotic relationship involves both organisms benefitting?
mutualism
commensalism
predation
parasitism
77
What happens during
translation
?
Protein is made when ribosomes read the RNA message
DNA is transcribed into an RNA message.
Protein is made when ribosomes read the DNA message
RNA is transcribed into DNA
78
Waxes, cholesterols, and fats are all examples of what kind of biomolecules?
proteins
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
lipids
79
Which structure is similar in shape, but has a different function between related organisms?
vestigial structure
homologous structures
analogous structures
80
Which of the following techniques separates DNA fragments based on size?
creating transgenic organisms
gel electrophoresis
gene therapy
polymerase chain reaction
81
What organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down old dead cell parts?
rough ER
nucleus
lysosome
golgi body
82
What is the function of the chloroplast?
creates proteins
site of cell respiration; makes energy (ATP) for the cell
packages, modifies, and ships molecules
site of photosynthesis; makes sugar for the cell
83
What type of symbiosis involves one organism gaining and the other is completely neutral?
predation
commensalism
parasitism
competition
84
DNA has four bases. What is the correct way the bases bond?
uracil-adenine; guanine-cytosine
adenine-cytosine; guanine-thymine
adenine-thymine; guanine-cytosine
adenine-guanine; cytosine-thymine
85
Cellular Respiration results in the formation of water, carbon dioxide and _____.
atp
sunlight
radiant energy
oxygen
86
Bacteria and yeast undergo this type of anaerobic respiration.
photosynthesis
electron transport chain
fermentation
krebs cycle
87
Gametes (eggs and sperm) are _____, and zygotes are _____.
diploid; hapoid
haploid; haploid
diploid; diploid
haploid; diploid
88
What organelle stores a plant’s food, water, and waste?
vacuole
mitochondria
smooth ER
centriole
89
Increased levels of carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere results in _____.
Air Pollution
All of the above
Melting Polar Ice Caps
Global Warming
90
What element is found in
all
organic compounds?
sulphur
phosphorous
carbon
nitrogen
91
How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?
100%
50%
90%
10%
92
The four species most likely have similar limb structures because they all _____.
occupy the same level in a food pyramid
use their limbs for the same function
adapted to the same environmental conditions
share a common ancestor
93
In a pedigree, males are ____ while females are ____.
circles; triangles
squares; circles
triangles; squares
circles; squares
94
Which of the following is a concern with using genetically engineered crop varieties?
Short-term effects of eating GE foods are unknown.
GE crops require more water than regular crops.
The use of engineered seeds may reduce genetic variation.
Genetically engineered varieties are unable to reproduce.
95
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?
Living things are made of cells
Living things' internal environment stays constant
Living things reproduce
Living things use energy
96
What is the
monomer
of a
nucleic acid
?
monosaccharide
amino acid
triglyceride
nucleotide
97
During what part of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
G1
Interphase
G2
S
98
What type of symbiosis involves one organism stealing the nutrients but not killing its host?
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
predation
99
A red blood cell is placed in solution and swells then bursts. This solution must be:
hypertonic
isotonic
hypotonic
hyperactive
100
Which is primary cause of ozone depletion?
Carbon dioxide emissions
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxide
Chloroflourcarbons (CFCs)
101
_____ is cellular division for growth and development.
Mitosis
Meiosis
102
Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically _____ to the parent.
identical
different
103
Which is NOT a function of the cell membrane?
allows molecules into and out of the cell
protects the cell
helps cells recognize each other
helps make proteins
104
Which is responsible for the origin of
new
alleles in a population?
magic
genes
alleles
mutations
105
A trait that helps an organism better survive in its environment is known as a _____.
variation
adaptation
mutation
characteristic
106
Which of the following is a medical use of genetically engineered bacteria?
making human insulin for diabetics
developing a DNA fingerprint for blood left at a crime scene
producing corn that is resistant to herbicides
identifying the remains of an unknown person
107
Evidence for evolution includes which of the following?
biomolecules (such as Cytochrome c and DNA)
homologous structures/fossil record
embryology
more than one answer is true
108
During what phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
prophase II
prophase I
metaphase II
telophase I
109
What kind of biomolecule are enzymes?
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
110
What are the
products
of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
water and oxygen
carbon dioxide and oxygen
oxygen and glucose
111
What type of cell would an organism like bacteria be?
animal cell
prokaryote
eukaryote
plant cell
112
Amino acids are the monomer of _____.
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
113
The reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration.
False
True
114
What type of transport is considered the diffusion of water?
facilitated diffusion
active transport
diffusion
osmosis
115
What process causes the genetic variation among the cells during meiosis?
metaphase
crossing over
haploid
homologous chromosomes
116
Which conclusion is best supported by the evidence seen in the graph?
Photosynthetic organisms experienced die off Jan. till June
Photosynthetic organisms were dormant from April till July
The rate of photosynthesis was greatest during May-July
The rate of photosynthesis increased from June-December
117
The process which organisms maintain a stable internal envriorment
transport
homeostasis
osmosis
equilibrium
118
Which concept is represented in the diagram?
Succession
Natural Selection
Extinction
Dynamic equilibrium
119
According to the information, which two birds are most closely related?
Robin and Ovenbird
Western Kingbird and Eastern Bluebird
Eastern Bluebird and Robin
Western Kingbird and Ovenbird
120
Photosynthesis occurs in this organelle.
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Chlorophyll
Mitochondria
121
Why does energy decrease going up trophic levels?
it is absorbed as heat
it is recycled
it is released as heat after being used for life processes
it is destroyed
122
Using the pedigree, determine the mode of inheritance for this disease:
non-sex linked dominant trait
A sex-linked trait on the Y chromosome
A sex-linked trait on the X chromosome
non sex-lined recessive trait
123
_____ creates 4 genetically unique daughter cells.
Meiosis
Mitosis
124
Name the levels of structural organization in order starting with the cell.
Cell, tissue, organ, organism, organ system
Cell, organ system, tissue, organ, organism
Cell, organ, tissue, organism, organ system
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
