What core concept of Enlightenment was the most important and original?

methods of natural science used to study all aspects of life

All origins of Scientific Revolution EXCEPT

efforts to prevent recurrence of Black Death

In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke claimed that

human development is determined by education and society

The Enlightenment's highest development in France for all the following EXCEPT

had highest literacy rates in Europe

How did governments respond to the new science?

established academies to support & sometimes direct research

In what book did Pierre Bayle demonstrate that all knowledge can be questioned and doubted?

Historical and Critical Dictionary

Correctly characterizes variety of religious perspectives to Copernicus's hypothesis

Catholics = mild but false; Protestant = condemned him

Why was it conducive for scientists to work in Protestant countries, especially after 1640?

lacked religious authority to censor or suppress work

All characterize role of women in the new science EXCEPT

forbidden from publishing learned treatises

Discipline of natural philosophy focused on

fundamental questions of nature, purpose & func. of universe

Affect Scientific Revolution had on 17th century economy

There were few practical economic applications.

The primary purpose of Fontenelle's Conversation on the Plurality of Worlds (1686) was to

popularize the findings of the Scientific Revolution

How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from those of Middle Ages and Renaissance?

belief that human progress can go beyond antiquity

How did Newton's law of gravity bring Scientific Revolution to maturity?

used math, physics & astronomy to show one coherent universe

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Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

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Questions 19

Answers

1
The universe functioned in a mechanistic fashion is an aspect of whose theories of nature?
Rene Descartes
Francis Bacon
Isaac Newton
Tycho Brahe
2
What core concept of Enlightenment was the most important and original?
God has no role in the universe
Humans could create better societies and people
scientific method could discover laws of human society
methods of natural science used to study all aspects of life
3
All origins of Scientific Revolution EXCEPT
efforts to prevent recurrence of Black Death
establishment of universities and practice of free inquiry
solve navigational problems
recovery of ancient texts in the Renaissance
4
In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke claimed that
human development is determined by education and society
all people are born with certain ideas and ways of thinking
sovereign authority rests in the hands of the people
governments are formed by contracts with free individuals
5
The Enlightenment's highest development in France for all the following EXCEPT
had highest literacy rates in Europe
Frenchphilosophes sought large audiences of elites
largest and most populous country in Europe
French international language of the educated classes
6
To discover what did occur in nature rather than to speculate on what should occur is goal of
Copernicus Heliocentric Universe
Newton's Laws of Physics
Einstein's Theory of Relativity
Galileo's Experimental Method
7
How did governments respond to the new science?
scientific communities were viewed as a threat
rejected it as a threat to religious foundations
established academies to support & sometimes direct research
challenged scientists to demonstrate value of their research
8
In what book did Pierre Bayle demonstrate that all knowledge can be questioned and doubted?
Historical and Critical Dictionary
The Social Contract
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
Encyclopedia
9
Correctly characterizes variety of religious perspectives to Copernicus's hypothesis
All reliogious groups rejected the hypothesis completely
Catholics = heretical; Protestants = no religious bearing
Catholics = mild but false; Protestant = condemned him
Religious groups held no opinion
10
Whose theory of universe postulated that we part of a sun-centered (heliocentric) universe?
Newton
Ptolemy
Einstein
Copernicus
11
Francis Bacon formalized research methods of Brahe and Galileo into theory of reasoning called
empiricism
naturalism
dualism
occultism
12
Believed that elliptical orbits of planets produce a musical harmony of heavenly bodies
Tycho Brahe
Rene Descartes
Nicolas Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
13
Why was it conducive for scientists to work in Protestant countries, especially after 1640?
lacked religious authority to censor or suppress work
already turning to secular approaches to knowledge
more influenced by Enlightenment thought
embraced to directly challenge Catholic doctrine
14
All characterize role of women in the new science EXCEPT
worked as illustrators and model makers
forbidden from publishing learned treatises
professional academies usually didn't accept women
Italian universities offered them positions
15
Discipline of natural philosophy focused on
fundamental questions of nature, purpose & func. of universe
ancient philosophy to theological questions
theological principles in nature
specific natural laws governing all matter in universe
16
Affect Scientific Revolution had on 17th century economy
led to expansion of machinery us in manufacturing
There were few practical economic applications.
improved medical knowledge
expanded living standards and created greater wealth
17
The primary purpose of Fontenelle's Conversation on the Plurality of Worlds (1686) was to
attack French absolutism
popularize the findings of the Scientific Revolution
advocate religious tolerance
counteract the influence of the Enlightenment
18
How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from those of Middle Ages and Renaissance?
E = focus on world matters; MA/R = focus sin and salvation
belief that human progress can go beyond antiquity
E = rejected Christianity and a concept of God in general
E = inspired by classics; MA/R = Bible inspired
19
How did Newton's law of gravity bring Scientific Revolution to maturity?
proved the existence of God
used math, physics & astronomy to show one coherent universe
found bio. and phys. props operate differently in nature
no understanding of nature without referring to God

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