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12e EC&T Final Exam - Part 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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12e EC&T Final Exam - Part 1
12e EC&T Final Exam - Part 1
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1
The most important data to relay to the Emergency Department when you are delivering a patient to them is:
the patient's level of consciousness
the condition of the patient
the fact you are enroute
the age of the patient
2
The descending aorta divides into the two iliac arteries at the level of the:
nipple line
pubic symphysis
iliac crest
umbilicus
3
Two of the MOST common signs of anaphylaxis are:
expiratory stridor and tachycardia
hypertension and swollen hands
watery eyes and localized itching
urticaria and angioedema
4
Virtually all aspects of health care today utilize:
Evidence-Based Medicine
raw research
beta prototype guidelines
random statistics
5
Older patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of:
chronic dementia, which inhibits communication
progressive deterioration of abdominal organ function
age-related deterioration of their sensory systems
interactions of the numerous medications they take
6
The trapeziod shaped bone at the top of the sternum is called:
glenohumeral joint
manubrium
xiphoid process
sterno-cleido-mastoid joint
7
Irregular respirations characterized by increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called:
ataxic respirations
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
agonal respirations
eupneic respirations
8
A mechanical suctioning unit should generate a vaccum pressure of more than:
300 mm Hg
100 mm Hg
400 mm Hg
200 mm Hg
9
Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:
liver
spleen
kidneys
pancreas
10
When faced with a patient who is in cardiac arrest and a valid living will or DNR order cannot be located, you should:
contact medical control first
determine the patient’s illness
begin resuscitation at once
notify the coroner immediately
11
The most useful tool for moving a patient vertically in a home is:
power stretcher
stokes basket
stair chair
long backboard
12
Your partner seems unusually agitated. Later, you notice the odor of alcoholic beverage on her breath. What do you do?
Remain quiet and simply request another partner
Report the incident to your EMS medical director
Tell your partner that she must seek professional help
Discreetly report your suspicions to your supervisor
13
The ___________________ regulates activities over which we have voluntary control - such as walking, talking, & writing.
automatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
14
A patient who is experiencing aphasia is:
experiencing a right hemispheric stroke
not able to swallow without choking.
usually conscious but has slurred speech
unable to produce or understand speech.
15
When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that:
the majority of medical patients you encounter are also injured
most serious medical conditions do not present with obvious symptoms
the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first
it is during the general impression that assessment of the ABCs occurs
16
The chordae tendineae are:
fibrous tissue that lines the large intestine that aid in food absorption
fibers in veins that prevent backflow of blood
thin bands of fibrous tissue attached to heart valves
amino acids that aid in digestion of proteins
17
The two processes that occur during respiration are:
oxygenation and ventilation
diffusion and oxygenation
inspiration and expiration
ventilation and diffusion
18
Which of the following scenarios
most
accurately depicts a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reaction?
A new EMT becomes nauseated and diaphoretic at the scene of an incident
An EMT with many years of experience becomes irritable with her coworkers
An EMT is emotionally exhausted and depressed after a school bus crash
An EMT is distracted at an MVA involving the same type of car as his wife
19
A macrophage is a microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible host.
False
True
20
The "Q" in the V/Q ratio stands for:
circulation
gas exchange
quotient
ventilation
21
The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called:
diffusion
oxygenation
ventilation
respiration
22
An EMT might injure his or her back, even if it is straight, if the:
hands are held close to the legs
force is exerted straight down the spine
shoulder is aligned over the pelvis
back is bent forward at the hips
23
The network of neurons within the brainstem that regulates consciousness is:
mid-brain
pons
gray matter
reticular activating system
24
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during:
anaphylactic shock
neurogenic shock
septic shock
cardiogenic shock
25
A 39 y/o female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital. What type of consent of care is this?
informed
Formal
Implied
Expressed
26
A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she:
has low blood sugar
is excessively thirsty
is unable to swallow
urinates frequently
27
The three major parts of the brain are the:
midbrain, cerebellum, and spinal cord.
cerebellum, medulla, and occiput.
brain stem, midbrain, and spinal cord.
cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.
28
Standing orders have the same legal authority and legal status as as orders given to you by a physician over the radio.
False
True
29
A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. Which aspect of his body has sustained the initial injury?
Ventral
Palmar
Dorsal
Plantar
30
When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that:
multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock.
irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion
the patient’s respirations are deep during the early stages of shock
blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.
31
A 62 y/o male is found unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should:
notify dispatch and request a paramedic ambulance
perform CPR and transport the patient immediately
start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible
ask the family if the patient has a terminal disease
32
A young female is unconscious after ingesting a large amount of aspirin. You will MOST likely find her respirations:
deep and rapid
slow and shallow
rapid and shallow
slow and deep
33
Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction?
A 30-year-old male who was stung by a bee
A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin
A 50-year-old male who was exposed to latex
A 21-year-old female who inhaled pollen
34
Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT:
race and gender
pulse strength
level of distress
appearance
35
Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?
Rhonchi
Rales
Stridor
Wheezing
36
The ___________ accounts for the largest portion of the brain (about 3/4ths).
cerebellum
gray matter
cerebrum
neurons
37
In Loco Parentis means:
parents are crazy
a teacher or counselor can give consent
parents cannot be located
the child cannot be treated
38
Heroin is an example of a(n):
opioid
cholinergic
hypnotic
sympathomimetic
39
Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication:
through the mucosa under the tongue
below the first layer of muscle
between the skin and the muscle
directly into the muscle tissue
40
The body's response to stress involving alarm response, reaction, and resistance followed by recovery is called:
Stress Recovery Syndrome
General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress Reaction Syndrome
General Stress Syndrome
41
___________ is the capacity of an individual to cope with and recover from distress.
Nutrition
Eustress
Wellness
Resilience
42
The appendicular skeleton comprises:
the chest and arms
the upper and lower extremities
the head and spine
the spine, arms, and legs
43
60 y/o man C/O pain. He is conscious, alert, and denies shortness of breath. The MOST appropriate question to ask him...
“Were you exerting yourself when the chest pain began?”
“Do you have any heart problems or take any medications?”
“Does the pain in your chest feel like a stabbing sensation?”
“Does the pain in your chest move to either of your arms?”
44
Which of the following conditions would affect the “Q” portion of the V/Q ratio?
Airway obstruction
Pulmonary edema
Slow, shallow breathing
Pulmonary embolism
45
Compassion fatigue results from:
repeated psychological debriefings
caring for others who have experienced traume
numerous psychologically traumatic exposures
high levels of work-related stress
46
The purpose of a base station radio repeater is to:
re-transmit the received signal on another frequency
scramble the radio transmission
transfer the radio signal onto a telephone line
block the signal from being transmitted on the assigned frequency
47
Distributive shock occurs when:
widespread dilation of blood vessels causes blood to pool in vascular beds
bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to organs faster
an injury causes restriction of heart muscle and impairs pumping function
temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood to the brain
48
Premature diagnosis during a call can be due to what error?
Overconfidence
Streamlining
Anchoring
Bias
49
A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing:
without difficulty
with shallow depth
without assistance
at a normal rate
50
Patients with type 2 diabetes usually control their disease with all of the following, EXCEPT:
diet and exercise
supplemental insulin
tolbutamide (Orinase)
glyburide (Micronase)
51
An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to:
ignore the patient’s feelings and focus on his or her medical complaint
demand that the patient remain quiet and cooperative during transport.
ignore the patient’s feelings and focus on his or her medical complaint
continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful
52
Cumulative stress reactions are the most important for first responders to understand.
True
False
53
Which of the following is characteristic of a focal-onset aware seizure?
Generalized twitching of all muscles
Absence of breathing
No change in vision, smell, or taste
Normal level of consciousness
54
Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway?
Rales
Stridor
Rhonchi
Crackles
55
The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:
retaining key electrolytes, such as potassium
accommodating a large amount of blood volume
eliminating toxic waste products from the body
removing sodium and water from the body
56
An 81 y/o woman fell and struck her head. She is found to have severe kyphosis. How should she be immobilized?
Immobilize her in a supine position on a LBB and secure her with straps
Move her to a supine position and immobilize her with a scoop stretcher
Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the LBB
Apply a cervical collar and place her in a sitting position on the cot.
57
Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when:
a paramedic is present at the scene
wheezing and hypotension are present
the patient is anxious and tachycardic
the reaction produces severe urticaria
58
An EMT's scope of practice is most commonly defined by medical law.
True
False
59
Shock is the result of:
temporary dysfunction of a major organ
the body’s maintenance of homeostasis
widespread constriction of the blood vessels
hypoperfusion to the cells of the body
60
Therapeutic communication uses communication techniques to encourage patients express how they are feeling.
False
True
61
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms may include:
startle reactions
amnesia
depression
flashbacks
62
Mobile Integrated Health Care is a method of delivering health care that...
utilizes trained first responders for special events
utilizes prehospital care resources in the community
requires patients to taxi to MD appointments
requires patients to utilize EMS instead of their physicians
63
The large hole at the base of the skull that the spinal cord passes through is called:
forlorn magnum
magnum pi
foramen magnum
foramen woman
64
An example of an anti-inflammatory is:
Aspirin
Nitroglycerin
Oxygen
Narcan
65
Type 1 diabetes:
typically occurs in patients between 50 and 70 years of age
is typically treated with medications such as metformin
is defined as a blood sugar level that is less than 120 mg/dL
is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body
66
You are working a crash and need a second ambulance. You cannot contact dispatch with your portable radio. You should:
place both patients in the ambulance and transport them at once
ask a police officer to call dispatch with his portable radio
use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch
make another attempt to contact dispatch from an area of higher terrain.
67
The bones of the wrist are called:
phalanges
metacarpals
metaphalanges
carpals
68
EMTs respond to a heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone to this patient, the EMTs should recall that:
naloxone should not be given if the patient’s breathing is slow
naloxone should be administered in increments of 1 mg every 2 to 3 mins
naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient
the effects of naloxone last longer than most opioid drugs.
69
Vector-borne disease transmission occurs by spreading infection by animals or insects that carry an organism.
True
False
70
Upon initial contact with a patient who appears to be unconscious, you should:
direct your partner to apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask
assess breathing depth and determine the respiratory rate
attempt to elicit a verbal response by talking to the patient
squeeze the trapezius muscle to see if the patient responds
71
Most prehospital cardiac arrests in adults occur as the result of:
an acute ischemic stroke
severe blunt trauma
obstruction of the airway
a cardiac dysrhythmia
72
At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to:
44%
52%
24%
35%
73
Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?
Gallbladder
Spleen
Pancreas
Liver
74
The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by:
chronic stretching of the alveolar walls
repeated exposure to cigarette smoke
massive constriction of the bronchioles
acute fluid accumulation in the alveoli
75
While assisting ALS with a cardiac arrest resuscitation, you should expect the paramedic to:
administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect
give the patient activated charcoal to rule out a drug overdose
give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure
withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous catheter is in place