stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
gov312 exam Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
gov312 exam
gov312 exam
197 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
1 play
Imported from external platform
Flashcards
197 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
197
Answers
1
Pork barrel projects are:
Campaign donations
Education reform
Funds for local projects to help re-election
National defense funding
2
A
free market
is an economy where:
All goods are free
Supply and demand determine prices with little regulation
The government sets all prices
Only public services exist
3
Remedial legislation is passed to:
Strengthen the presidency
Reduce taxes
Nullify federal mandates
Fix state violations of constitutional rights
4
In the
Second Treatise of Government
, Locke argued:
For divine rule
That government protects rights by consent
For monarchy
Against natural rights
5
A
confederal government
is one where:
The national government is strongest
States hold most of the power
Power is split with courts
Power is shared equally
6
The
Marshall Court
is known for:
Ending judicial review
Supporting state laws over federal
Expanding federal authority
Limiting national power
7
Red tape
refers to:
National holidays
Required safety measures
Simple procedures
Complex rules and bureaucracy that slow action
8
The
notice and comment procedure
:
Rules created by government agencies that guide how laws are implemented
Only applies to president
Is secret and limited to agency staff
Only applies to Congress
9
The
Full Faith and Credit Clause
requires states to:
Honor legal actions of other states
Share tax revenue
Follow presidential orders
Use the same currency
10
A
social contract
is:
A royal charter
An executive order
An agreement to form government to protect rights
A deal between states
11
Denied powers
are:
Powers the Constitution prohibits
State powers under the 10th Amendment
Police powers of the president
Implied powers Congress can use
12
Committee chairs
are typically:
From the minority party
Senior majority party members
Appointed by voters
Randomly assigned
13
The War Powers Resolution requires the president to:
Get approval before all military action
Send a written declaration to the Supreme Court
Limits president’s ability to military force without congressional approval
Never use force abroad
14
Presidential coattails
occur when:
The president campaigns for senators only
A president uses executive orders to pass laws
The president vetoes congressional laws
Congressional candidates win due to the president’s popularity
15
Standing committees:
Are temporary
Are for party strategy
Include both chambers
Are permanent and handle legislation
16
Reapportionment
:
Reallocates House seats after the census
Is done by the president
Redraws district boundaries
Removes old senators
17
Standard operating procedures (SOPs)
help agencies:
Create new taxes
Maintain secrecy
Ensure consistent and efficient operations
Elect leaders
18
Government
is best defined as:
Institutions and processes through which public policies are made
A private business regulating people
A monarchy by another name
A group of elites making laws
19
Cooperative federalism
is best described as:
Businesses cooperating with states
Courts enforcing mandates
States operating independently
Federal and state governments working together
20
The
take care clause
requires the president to:
Provide health care
Enforce laws faithfully
Write laws
Give a speech annually
21
The
incumbency advantage
includes:
Inability to vote
Lack of experience
Name recognition and fundraising benefits
Term limits
22
An example of a
public good
is:
Private tutoring
A subscription service
A restaurant
National defense
23
The
Elastic Clause
lets Congress:
Make laws necessary to carry out its powers
Amend the Constitution unilaterally
Override elections
Appoint state judges
24
Which of the following is an
informal power
of the president?
Veto
Appointment of ambassadors
Pardon
Executive order
25
New federalism
focuses on:
Centralizing government authority
Expanding federal powers
Returning power to the states
Abolishing state governments
26
The
U.S. Constitution
replaced:
The Federalist Papers
The Mayflower Compact
The Articles of Confederation
The Bill of Rights
27
The
Cabinet
is made up of:
Members of Congress
Supreme Court justices
State governors
Heads of executive departments
28
What does the
impeachment power
allow the House of Representatives to do?
House can impeach; Senate holds the trial and votes to convict or acquit
Senate can impeach; House holds the trial and votes to convict or acquit
29
A
liberal
tends to support:
Active government and progressive policies
A return to monarchy
Minimal government involvement
Traditional values only
30
In a
unitary system
of government:
The national government holds most power
Citizens have no rights
Courts are more powerful than executives
Power is split evenly
31
Coercive federalism
means the federal government:
Gives states full autonomy
Lets states decide all issues
Forces states to comply using funding threats and mandates
Encourages debate
32
The
25th Amendment
addresses:
Term limits
Senate confirmation powers
Presidential campaign finance
Presidential disability and succession
33
Party unity
means:
Voting is banned
How consistently members vote with their party
Members vote randomly
Only leadership votes
34
The
State of the Union
is:
A vote of confidence
A constitutional amendment
An annual speech reporting on the nation and outlining goals
A court case
35
Omnibus legislation
:
A small bill
A large bill combining many issues
A Supreme Court case
A single-topic bill
36
Libertarians
generally favor:
Heavy economic regulation
Government-controlled morality
Centralized education policy
Minimal government in both economic and personal matters
37
According to the Constitution, the president must be:
A lawyer and senator
At least 40, a citizen, and a governor
30 years old and a citizen for 20 years
35 years old, natural-born citizen, U.S. resident for 14 years
38
Where are presidential qualifications listed?
The Bill of Rights
The 25th Amendment
Article II
Article I
39
Redistributive tax policies
are designed to:
Collect more taxes from the wealthy to help others
Cut all taxes equally
Fund monarchies
Increase military funding only
40
The
Constitution
was ratified by:
9 of 13 states in special conventions
Congress only
A military vote
Presidential decree
41
A benefit of federalism is:
Local control and policy diversity
Centralized education policy
National uniformity only
Fewer checks and balances
42
According to
Richard Neustadt
, presidential power is primarily:
Commanding the courts
Vetoing legislation
The power to legislate
The power to persuade
43
A
critical consumer of politics and news
:
Only watches entertainment channels
Evaluates political information for bias and accuracy
Ignores news completely
Trusts everything posted online
44
Substantive representation
occurs when:
A representative passes many bills
Committees agree on a bill
Demographics match
Representative advocates 4 constituents interests: regardless of background
45
Enumerated powers
are:
Powers of the courts only
Explicitly listed powers of Congress
Left to the states
Unwritten customs
46
A
safe district
is:
Reassigned each election
A district where one party is highly likely to win
Unlikely to be won by a new party
Contested regularly
47
Concurrent powers
are:
Reserved for the states only
Held only by the president
Shared by both state and federal governments
Declared unconstitutional
48
he
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
:
Appoints ambassadors
Enforces judicial rulings
Prepares the federal budget
Oversees elections
49
The president as
head of government
:
Runs the executive branch and sets domestic policy
Serves in Congress
Nominates judges only
Leads the military
50
A
unilateral action
is when the president:
Acts without Congress’s approval
Seeks judicial consent
Holds a press briefing
Works through Congress
51
The term
culture wars
refers to:
Military conflict between nations
Global trade competition
Disputes over cultural values and social issues
Political debates over taxation
52
Norms
in politics are:
Tax policies
Official voting requirements
Unwritten rules about political behavior
Laws passed by Congress
53
A
treaty
:
Requires two-thirds Senate approval
Can be signed by the VP
Requires House approval
Is the same as an executive agreement
54
A unanimous consent agreement:
Blocks judicial decisions
Prevents committee meetings
Requires presidential review
Speeds up Senate proceedings with everyone’s approval
55
The
Great Compromise
created:
Merged the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan
A national religion
A two-house Congress with different representation methods
A monarchy
56
An
incumbent
is:
A campaign manager
A former member of Congress
A challenger in an election
A current officeholder seeking re-election
57
The
Executive Office of the President (EOP)
:
s elected by the public
Key staff agencies that support the president
Runs state governments
Advises Congress
58
The
Supremacy Clause
says:
Congress must obey governors
The Constitution is above state laws
State laws override federal laws
Treaties are optional
59
Political appointees
are:
Elected to serve
Appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate
Hired without approval
Career-level bureaucrats
60
The
unitary executive theory
argues:
The president has total control of the executive branch
he presidency should be abolished
Congress has the final say on laws
Power should be shared among departments
61
The
institutional presidency
refers to:
The person elected president
The collective bureaucracy, staff, & structures that support the president
The White House staff only
Presidential scandals
62
The
Supremacy Clause
states that:
Congress is weaker than states
State law is above all
Federal law overrides state law
Governors set national policy
63
Continuing resolutions are passed when:
The president vetoes a spending bill
Temporary funding bills when Congress can’t pass a full budget in time
Congress has approved a budget surplus
A bill is being filibustered
64
Implied powers
come from:
The Necessary and Proper Clause
Presidential orders
The Tenth Amendment
The Declaration of Independence
65
The
House of Representatives
:
Serves 2-year terms and represents districts
Serves 6-year terms
Has 435 members
Has 100 members
66
The
stewardship
theory says:
Can act freely unless the Constitution prohibits it
Must only do what the Constitution explicitly allows
67
Police power
allows states to:
Override federal law
Build a national army
Regulate health and safety
Coin their own currency
68
Economic individualism
is the belief that:
Individuals should make their own economic decisions
All citizens earn the same wage
Government should control the economy
The government redistributes all wealth
69
Which agency is
independent
?
NASA
Department of Justice
State Department
Treasury
70
The franking privilege allows members to:
Travel for free
Vote early
Send free mail to constituents
Receive campaign funds
71
Executive power
(enforces) is held by:
The Supreme Court
Congress
State legislatures
The President
72
Sovereign power
in federalism is:
Shared between states and the federal government
Reserved for Congress
Held by governors
Held by the UN
73
Speaker of the house:
Leads the Senate
Is second in line to succeed the President, after the Vice President
Leader of majority party
Appointed by president
74
Minority-majority districts
:
Cannot overlap with cities
Must be challenged in court
Are illegal
Are created to ensure minority representation
75
The
Rules Committee
in the House:
Sets terms for debate and amendments
Creates district maps
Manages elections
Reviews the Constitution
76
The
President Pro Tempore
of the Senate:
Handles veto overrides
Must be the youngest member
Symbolic Senate role given to the most senior member of the majority party
Is commander-in-chief
77
In politics,
factions
are:
States forming coalitions
Armed rebel groups
Interest groups seeking to influence government
Divisions within the military
78
Majority rule
must be balanced with:
State governments
Executive orders
Minority rights
Absolute monarchy
79
The electoral connection theory says members of Congress are motivated by:
Financial gain
Public policy goals
Desire to be re-elected
Party loyalty
80
What did the
Articles of Confederation
primarily do?
Created a weak central government with state power
Established judicial review
Declared war on Britain
Created a strong federal executive
81
The
Privileges and Immunities Clause
prevents states from:
Discriminating against people from other states
Electing judges
Printing their own money
Raising taxes
82
Earmarks
are:
Supreme Court decisions
Presidential vetoes
Repealed laws
Local projects inserted into bills (Pork)
83
The
Hatch Act
:
Reformed Social Security
Created a new government agency
Allowed all federal employees to run for office
Banned civil servants from engaging in certain political activities
84
A
direct democracy
is one where:
Laws are passed by appointed judges
Only elected officials vote
Citizens vote on laws themselves
People elect representatives to govern
85
Impoundment
is when a president:
Refuses to spend funds allocated by Congress
Demands a bill from the House
Declares war
Pardons someone
86
In
fiscal federalism
, the federal government influences state policy through:
Treaties
Trade restrictions
Presidential vetoes
Grant money
87
The
vesting clause
:
Transfers power to the judiciary
Allows Congress to override the president
Grants executive power to the president
Limits the military budget
88
Pluralism
means:
Multiple groups compete for influence
One group controls all politics
People share one opinion
The military leads
89
Unfunded mandates
are:
Optional policies
State-funded mandates for Congress
Laws funded by the president
Federal rules states must follow without funding
90
A
hold
is used in the Senate to:
Speed up debate
Overturn laws
Confirm appointments
Delay a bill or nomination
91
A
collective action problem
occurs when:
Everyone agrees and acts in unison
The government overregulates cooperation
A monarch refuses to rule
People would benefit from cooperating but fail due to conflicting interests
92
What is the definition of
liberty
in American politics?
Freedom from government interference
Wealth equality for all
Right to a fair trial
Total government regulation
93
An open rule:
Allows no amendments
Prevents debate
Allows many amendments
Blocks the bill entirely
94
A veto is when the president rejects a bill; Congress can override with a two-thirds vote in both chambers
False
True
95
Federalism
means:
Only Congress can make laws
States control the military
One level of government has all authority
National and state governments share power
96
The
Necessary and Proper Clause
is also known as:
Lets Congress pass laws to carry out its powers
Executive Order
Elastic Clause
Commerce Clause
97
Picket fence federalism
refers to:
Close cooperation between governments across policy areas
A return to monarchy
States acting independently
Congressional division of authority
98
Which of the following best reflects
American political values
?
Aristocracy, free market, tradition
Power, nationalism, hierarchy
Monarchy, collectivism, inequality
Liberty, democracy, equality
99
The Virginia Plan called for:
No executive branch
Equal state representation
Weak national government
Representation based on population
100
What does
equality
mean in the American political context?
All people earn the same income
All individuals have equal worth and political rights
All citizens support the same ideology
Everyone has identical personalities
101
A major characteristic of
competitive federalism
is:
Federal agencies control local policy
States cooperate on every issue
Congress appoints governors
States compete to attract residents and businesses
102
Signing statements
are used by the president to:
Approve judicial nominations
Summarize how a bill passed through Congress
Comment on a law and indicate parts they may not enforce
Veto a bill entirely
103
A
constructionist
view holds that the president:
Must only do what the Constitution explicitly allows
Can act freely unless the Constitution prohibits it
104
A
delegate
representative:
Uses their own judgment
Only votes with their party
Votes according to constituent wishes
Avoids controversial issues
105
The
Chief of Staff
:
Writes legislation
Manages the military
Oversees the president’s schedule and staff
Leads the Senate
106
The
free rider problem
occurs when:
People benefit from public goods without paying for them
Everyone pays taxes fairly
Governments overspend
Businesses refuse to compete
107
Shays’ Rebellion
revealed:
Weakness of the Articles of Confederation
The need to limit state rights
Strength of the national army
The power of Congress
108
A
spillover effect
happens when:
Elections are contested
Judges overrule Congress
States enforce only federal law
Policies in one state affect neighboring states
109
Senatorial courtesy is a tradition involving:
President consults senators from nominees home state b4 making jud. app
Military promotions
Congressional budgeting
Confirming Cabinet members
110
A
monarchy
is led by:
Business executives
A king or queen, often through heredity
A prime minister elected by the people
Religious leaders chosen by a council
111
A
closed rule
:
Requires a 2/3 vote
Prohibits amendments
Permits unlimited amendments
Sends a bill to the Senate
112
A
parliamentary system
:
Elects the president directly
Chooses the executive from the legislature and not separately elected
Rejects legislatures
Has a separate judiciary
113
Legislative power
involves:
Making laws (Congress)
Negotiating treaties
Interpreting laws
Enforcing laws
114
An
ideology
is:
A religious practice
A marketing strategy
A set of random political slogans
A consistent set of beliefs about politics and government
115
The
Elastic Clause
allows Congress to:
Make laws necessary to carry out its powers
Limit the president’s salary
Ignore the Constitution
Override state elections
116
A
party vote
occurs when:
One party votes against the other
It’s a ceremonial vote
The president votes
Everyone votes the same
117
What is the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) responsible for?
Enforcing immigration laws
Controlling the media
Preparing the federal budget
Creating educational standards
118
Civil servants
are:
Career employees hired through a merit system
Hired based on political loyalty
Appointed by the president
State governors
119
An
aristocracy
is a government ruled by:
Wealthy corporations
A small, privileged noble class
Elected representatives
The people through direct elections
120
Bicameralism
refers to:
A military-led government
A two-house legislative system
A single-chamber legislature
Executive and legislative branches merging
121
A filibuster is:
A Supreme Court ruling
A House strategy
A way to delay a Senate vote
A presidential statement
122
The
Electoral College
:
Formally elects the president
Elects judges
Is a university for political leaders
Directly elects Congress
123
A major constitutional debate was about:
Strength of the national government vs. states
Building infrastructure
Individual rights
Slavery
124
A discharge petition is used to:
Reassign a district
Force a bill out of committee and onto the House floor
Punish members
Fire a committee
125
Intergovernmental organizations
include:
Foreign legislatures
Groups where local, state, and national leaders work together
The United Nations only
Private banks
126
A
polity
, according to Aristotle, is:
A balanced form of government combining democracy and aristocracy
A communist state
A military dictatorship
A monarchy that allows public input
127
The
whip system
:
Redraws districts
Tracks votes and pressures members
Oversees elections
Leads the Supreme Court
128
The
commander in chief
role means the president:
Controls the armed forces but not war declarations
Votes in the Senate
Commands the CIA only
Can declare war
129
Select committees
are:
Part of the executive branch
Permanent
Temporary and usually investigative
Judicial
130
The
Declaration of Independence
was based on:
British parliamentary law
Natural rights and grievances
Roman political philosophy
Catholic teachings
131
Constituents
are:
Members of Congress
Party leaders
Political advisors
People represented by elected officials
132
The
two presidencies thesis
says presidents are stronger in:
Foreign policy
Budget decisions
Judicial appointments
Domestic policy
133
Casework
refers to:
Helping constituents navigate federal agencies
Managing Supreme Court decisions
Drafting and debating new laws
Investigating political scandals
134
A
formula grant
is distributed:
Based on specific criteria like population
Only to local governments
Equally to all states
Through presidential order
135
Statutory authority
is based on:
The president’s judgment
Judicial rulings
Laws passed by Congress
State constitutions
136
An
executive agreement
:
Is an international agreement without Senate approval
Is a constitutional amendment
Requires Senate approval
Is a law
137
A
politico
:
Acts only as a delegate
Switches between delegate and trustee roles depending on the issue
Represents another politician
Always acts as a trustee
138
The
ranking member
is:
A temporary appointee
Chair of all committees
A state governor
Most senior member of the minority party
139
A regulation is:
An internal agency document
A law passed by Congress
A judicial ruling
A rule created by agencies to guide law implementation
140
Most legislative work is done in:
The Supreme Court
The full chamber
Presidential briefings
Committees
141
Redistricting
means:
Drawing new district lines after reapportionment
Appointing new members
Rewriting the Constitution
Filing campaign papers
142
A
censure
is:
Formal statement of disapproval toward a member of Congress
A statement of praise for legislative achievement
A motion to impeach the president
A formal removal from office
143
A recess appointment is made:
After an election
President appoints someone while the Senate is not in session
During the State of the Union
By a Cabinet member
144
Federal preemption
occurs when:
A state law overrides a federal one
A federal law overrides a state law
145
Rule making
is:
A legislative power only
A Supreme Court procedure
The process where bureaucrats create regulations that have the force of law
A power held by state governors
146
A trustee representative:
Uses personal judgment to make decisions, even if it goes against wishes
Follows party policy
Never votes independently
Always follows public opinion
147
Constitutional authority
refers to powers:
Explicitly granted by the Constitution
Given through treaties
Given by executive order
Only used during war
148
Gerrymandering
is:
Drawing districts to favor a group or party
Banning funding
Choosing presidential electors
Drawing fair districts
149
Formal Constitution
refers to:
Traditional dress of judges
Court rulings
The actual written document
Unwritten laws
150
The
New Jersey Plan
called for:
A single legislative body
A proposal for equal representation of states in Congress
A national monarchy
Favored by small states
151
Common Sense
by Thomas Paine argued:
For increasing taxation
Against representative government
For loyalty to the British monarchy
In favor of independence from Britain
152
The
merit system
ensures that:
Employees are hired based on qualifications
Workers follow presidential orders
Agencies are partisan
Each party gets equal representation
153
Cracking is when:
A member switches parties
A district breaks into smaller states
Political parties split
Spreading opposition voters across districts to weaken their influence
154
An
ex post facto law
:
Punishes actions retroactively (unconstitutional)
Grants pardons
Is allowed in emergencies
Is a tax reform
155
Federalist 10
argues that:
Monarchy is preferable
A large republic prevents tyranny of factions
Factions should be banned
Small republics prevent factions
156
A
proprietary colony
was:
Run by Parliament
British people run it
British colony run by individuals or groups granted land+authority by king
Run by no one
157
The
Senate
:
Is appointed by governors
Has 435 members
Is based on population
Has 100 members with 6-year terms
158
Log rolling
means:
Blocking legislation
When legislators agree to vote for each other’s bills
Avoiding political responsibility
Rolling back regulations
159
What was the purpose of the
Constitutional Convention
?
To create the Bill of Rights
To declare war on Britain
To elect the first president
To revise the Articles of Confederation. Created a new constitution.
160
Which of the following is a
department
in the bureaucracy?
EPA
USPS
Department of Defense
OMB
161
A
conservative
typically supports:
Radical economic change
A strong welfare state
Progressive taxation
Limited government and traditional values
162
State capacity
refers to:
The limits on state governments’ power
The government’s ability to implement policies effectively
The number of employees in each state
The size of a state’s population
163
Anti-Federalists
were concerned about:
Weak state governments
Too much local control
Too much democracy
A strong central government without a Bill of Rights
164
The president as
head of state
serves as:
Party leader
Ceremonial leader of the U.S.
Chief legislator
Commander of Congress
165
To amend the U.S. Constitution, which is required?
Approval by the Supreme Court
2/3 of Congress and 3/4 of states
A national referendum
Majority of governors
166
An example of the
informal Constitution
is:
The Federalist Papers
The Declaration of Independence
The Articles of Confederation
Supreme Court interpretations
167
Executive privilege allows the president to:
Appoint judges
Extend military command
Keep some communications secret
Refuse to testify before Congress
168
Power of the purse
refers to:
Court control over spending
Voters budgeting taxes
Presidential salary
Congressional control over funding
169
Descriptive representation means a representative:
Shares the demographic traits of constituents
Uses personal judgment only
Only follows party leadership
Always votes the way the people want
170
A
subcommittee
is:
A presidential group
A full chamber vote
A smaller group within a standing committee
A Supreme Court term
171
Going public
means the president:
Consults with governors
Hosts a state dinner
Speaks directly to the public to gain support/pressure Congress
Appears before the Supreme Court
172
Judicial review
as established in
Marbury v. Madison
The president reviewing laws
Congress vetoing judicial opinions
State judges reviewing national elections
Courts declaring laws unconstitutional
173
An
exclusive power
of the federal government is:
Regulating education
Declaring war
Conducting state elections
Granting driver’s licenses
174
An
indirect (representative) democracy
:
Elects officials to make decisions
Bans voting completely
Lets citizens vote on every policy directly
Allows kings to rule
175
McCulloch v. Maryland
(1819) upheld:
Dual federalism
States' rights
National supremacy and implied powers, upheld national bank
Judicial review
176
Reserved powers
go to:
Congress
The President
The States
The States
177
Nullification
is the idea that:
States can reject federal law
States must follow all federal laws
Congress can ignore amendments
Presidents can abolish Congress
178
Cloture
requires how many votes to end a filibuster?
51
60
50
100
179
The
spoils system
was based on:
Giving jobs to political supporters
Performance reviews
Nonpartisan hiring
Random selection
180
The
Pendleton Act
:
Created Congress
Created the military draft
Ended slavery
Replaced the spoils system with merit-based hiring
181
Which is a
formal power
of the president?
Going public
Tweeting policy
Making treaties
Holding press conferences
182
In the
presidential appointment process
, the president:
Nominates officials, subject to Senate approval
Replaces senators
Confirms judges
Avoids Congress
183
A
republic
is a government where:
Power is inherited
The people vote on every law
Officials are elected to represent citizens
There is no constitution
184
Executive orders
are:
Passed by Congress
Directives from the president to agencies
International treaties
Laws signed by the judiciary
185
Checks and balances
are designed to:
Limit each branch to avoid concentration of power
Let Congress rule over all branches
Allow the president to override laws freely
Give each branch more power
186
Packing
is:
Filling committees
Adding districts
Concentrating opposition voters in 1 district to limit their overall power
Banning voting
187
In
dual federalism
, power is:
Clearly divided between national and state governments
Shared unequally by the federal government
Concentrated in the states only
Controlled entirely by the president
188
Ticket splitting
occurs when a voter:
Doesn’t vote
Votes for one party across the ballot
Misses the primary
Votes for candidates from different parties
189
Conference committees
:
Resolve House and Senate bill differences
Handle judicial appointments
Investigate corruption
Write executive orders
190
A
pocket veto
occurs when:
The Supreme Court blocks a law
A bill is voted down in committee
Congress adjourns and the president doesn’t sign the bill in 10 days
The president vetoes and returns it to Congress
191
A
theocracy
is government:
Run by elected officials
Without laws
Based on religious rule
Based on capitalism
192
Revenue sharing
involves:
Sharing funds with states without restrictions
Block grants for military use
Giving all tax revenue to cities
High-interest loans to states
193
Categorical grants
are:
For specific purposes with conditions
Distributed based on court decisions
No-strings-attached
Illegal under the Constitution
194
A downside of federalism is:
Clear authority
Equal policy outcomes
Confusion and inequality between states
Efficiency in all policy areas
195
Block grants
are:
Money for specific programs only
Given with strict conditions
Only given to wealthy states
Broad federal funds with few restrictions
196
Politics
is best described as:
The process of making collective decisions
Government handouts
A free-for-all
Just campaigning for office
197
The
Federalist Papers
were written to:
Support independence
Promote ratification of the Constitution
Promote monarchy
Oppose the Constitution