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New Biology Mid-term Review
New Biology Mid-term Review
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1
The following diagram is of a fatty acid molecule, what element are the black circles in this model?
phosphorus
nitrogen
sulfur
carbon
2
A red blood cell in pure water will swell and burst but a plant cell will not, what structure will not allow it to burst
cell membrane
nucleus
cell wall
mitochondrion
3
Proteases help breakdown proteins into amino acids, what type of molecule are proteases?
hormones
monosaccharides
fatty acids
enzymes
4
In a molecule of DNA, the amount of adenine always equals the mount of _________.
guanine
thymine
cytosine
uracil
5
Ribosomes are found in two places in eukaryotic cells, either to the rough ER or in the ____________
golgi apparatus
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
6
Which of the following organisms make their own food, have a nucleus and have a cell wall?
a bacterium
an animal
a plant
a fungus
7
What part of a plant cell provides support and structure?
chloroplast
cell membrane
cell wall
cytoplasm
8
Which of the following describes plant but not animal cells?
the ribosomes assist in protein synthesis
mitochondrial produce energy through respiration
plastids store starch made during photosynthesis
The nucleus contains the chromosomes
9
In the human body fibrinogen helps clot blood and is made up of chains of amino acids making it a ________
lipid
protein
nucleic acid
carbohydrate
10
Plant root cells taking in minerals from soil with energy is an example of what type of transport?
passive transport
active transport
osmosis
diffusion
11
Seeds of plants have large amounts of lipids in them, which of the following is most likely the function of this lipids?
to absorb water for seedlings
to speed up chemical reactions for seedlings
to store energy for seedlings
to encode genetic information for seedlings
12
What energy in the cell is used to put glucose together to make glycogen stored in the liver?
RNA
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
ATP
13
Mitochondria have two membranes, the inner one is folded to increase surface area to improve what process?
digest metabolic wastes
move the cell through water
produce ATP during cellular respiration
convert solar energy into chemical energy
14
Which of the following statements describes the role of ATP in animal cells?
ATP serves as hereditary material in the nucleus
ATP forms the channels in the plasma membrane
ATP digests unneeded organic molecules
ATP aids in cellular work
15
What organism takes in CO
2
put into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuel from combustion?
plants
rocks
fungi
animals
16
Plants given water with a pH of 4 results in less photosynthesis, what does the acidic water affect to cause this?
changes the effectiveness of enzymes
stores excess oxygen
increases the amount of carbon dioxide produced
causes root hairs to grow
17
What is the name of the process by which bacteria reproduce quickly in the body causing infections?
fertilization
nitrogen fixation
meiosis
binary fission
18
Which of the following ways does a bacterial cell differ from an animal cell?
a bacterial cell has RNA for its genetic material
a bacterial cell has more mitochondria than an animal cell
a bacterial cell is much larger than an animal cell
A bacterial cell doesn't have membrane-bound organelles like an animal cell
19
A portion of a DNA strand is ACCTGAAGG, assuming there are no mutations what does the other side look like?
ACCTGAAGG
UGGACUUCC
TGGACTTCC
GTTCAGGAA
20
Which of the following cells would photosynthesis most likely take place in?
fungus cell
plant cell
paramecium cell
animal cell
21
What process takes place in the mitochondria eukaryotic cells?
digestions of organic molecules
photosynthesis
modification of proteins
Cellular respiration
22
What part of animal cell chromosomes is the genetic material?
RNA
transcriptase
DNA
glucosamine
23
Some bacteria live in hot springs where enzymes function best at 70
o
C, at 50
o
C how will enzymes be affected?
Nothing will happen to the enzymes and the will work normally
the enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart
the enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes
the enzymes will require less energy than at 70oC
24
What type of organic molecule encodes genetic information?
nucleic acid
protein
lipid
carbohydrate
25
What happens when the third phosphate molecule is broken off ATP to make ADP?
water is transported into an animal cell
energy is released
light energy is absorbed in a plant cell
lysosome contents are released in a cell
26
What is the result at the end of mitosis?
four cells genetically identical to parent cell
eight cells with one-fourth as many chromosomes as parent cell
six cells with twice as many chromosomes as parent cell
two cells genetically identical to parent cell
27
What molecule is transported across a membrane during osmosis?
sugar
protein
salt
water
28
Which of the following elements is found in a molecule of ATP?
phosphorus
calcium
tin
aluminum
29
Which of the following statements describes a DNA molecule?
it contains the base uracil
it has deoxyribose sugar
it has a backbone of twenty different nucleotides
it contains 5 phosphate groups per nucleotide
30
Proteins once made goes to the golgi complex to be surrounded by a vesicle, what is the function of this organelle?
to collect amino acids to be used in protein synthesis
to deliver proteins to other parts of the cell
To send messages about the cell to the nucleus
to release energy from ATP
31
Which of the following
best
describes a DNA molecule?
it contains the nitrogenous base uracil
it is a double helix
it contains the sugar ribose
it is composed of amino acids
32
When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics they try to
pump
it out of the cell, what process allows this ti happen?
active transport
diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
33
The gas produced by respiration is _____ and the gas produced by photosynthesis is ______.
O2, . . . CO2
CO2, . . . O2
H2O, . . . CO2
CO2, . . . H2O
34
Which of the following organisms has the simplest cellular structure
mushroom
sunflower
earthworm
bacterium
35
Hydras reproduce by budding forming a genetically identical offspring to parent, which process is similar to budding?
cellular respiration
mitosis
osmosis
spore development
36
Which of the following statements explains the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
photosynthesis occurs only during the day and respiration only at night
photosynthesis only occurs cells with chlorophyll, respiration in all cells
photosynthesis converts light into photon energy
photosynthesis involves only one reaction where respiration involves many
37
What elements are most common in the organic molecule maltose?
carbon and hydrogen
copper and nitrogen
magnesium and sulfur
iron and phosphorus
38
Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote?
Lycoperdon piriforme, a fungus
Bacillus subtitles, a bacterium
Caenorhabditis elegans, a roundworm
Leucobryum glaucoma, a moss
39
When a person exercises more ATP is produced, which process allows you to make more ATP during exercise?
cellular respiration
cytokinesis
Meiosis
DNA replication
40
If scientist look for life on other planets, they are likely to focus on molecules containing which element?
sodium
iron
potassium
carbon
41
Which of the following explains why skin cells undergo mitosis faster than other cells in the hunan body?
skin cells have large number of sensory receptors
skin cells constantly need to be repaired and replaced
skin cells constantly need to produce antibodies to prevent infection
skin cells contain DNA
42
The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that ____________________
eukaryotic cells are simpler than prokaryotic
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic don't
prokaryotic cells have a nucleus and eukaryotic don't
prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic
43
Which part of a DNA molecule is attached by hydrogen bonds?
an mRNA bond
a ribosome binding site
an amino acid
a nucleotide base pair
44
Which of the following processes is responsible for movement of water in and out of cells?
meiosis
mitosis
transcription
osmosis
45
An amoeba engulfs a paramecium, what organelle will help to breakdown organic molecules in the paramecium?
centrioles
chloroplasts
lysosomes
cytoplasm
46
Human tears contain the enzyme lysozyme which damages bacterial cell walls, how does this happen?
lysozyme is converted into another chemical in a bacterial cell wall cell
lysozyme breaks a specific type of bond in a bacterial cell wall
lysozyme is destroyed as it digests bacterial cell wall molecules
lysozyme causes mutations in cell wall molecules
47
In DNA which base pairs with guanine (g)?
Uracil (U)
Thymine (T)
adenine (A)
cytosine (C)
48
Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate?
fatty acid
nucleotide
amino acid
monosaccharide
49
Glucose levels in the blood drop due to prolonged exercise, why does this happen?
proteins combine with glucose to make ADP
glucose diffused from muscle cells into the bloodstream
glucose was broken down to make ATP
polysaccharides were made in biochemical pathways
50
Sucrase speeds up the breakdown of sucrose into glucose and fructose and is this type of molecule?
hormone
enzyme
nucleic acid
disaccharide
51
What type of organic molecule is cellulose with a 1 carbon; 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen ratio?
proteins
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
lipid
52
Which of the following pairs of elements are the two most commonly found in the human body?
carbon and oxygen
sodium and iron
chlorine and phosphorus
zinc and sulfur
53
Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than an animal cell?
synthesis of enzymes
formation of cellulose
breakdown of glucose
active transport of ions?
54
Which of the following elements is
most
common in the tissues of plants?
hydrogen
iron
potassium
sodium
55
Which of the following statements
best
explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?
reactions take up too much space in the cell
the reactions are too slow to meet the needs of cells
enzymes supply oxygen necessary for the reaction
enzymes change the reactants from solids to liquids
56
An animal cell when put into distilled water will burst, the bursting of the cell is due to what biological process?
enzyme activity
respiration
active transport
osmosis
57
Which of the following correctly matches a cell organelle with its function?
nucleus - cell regulation
vacuole - energy production
mitochondrion - photosynthesis
chloroplast - movement
58
Which element is most commonly found in the living tissue of coral?
sodium
carbon
zinc
chlorine
59
What part of a plant cell helps to maintain structure even when water is scarce?
plasma membrane
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
cell wall
60
Which most likely happens in muscle cells of a person running a marathon?
The rate of photosynthesis increases
The respiration rate increases to produce more ATP
The rate of cell division increases
The replication rate of DNA increases
61
A single nucleotide is made of what three parts?
hydrogen, phosphate group and adenine
adenine, guanine, cytosine
ribose sugar, deoxyribose sugar and thymine
deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base
62
Which statement describes how plant and animal cells are similar?
both types of cells contain mitochondria
both types have cell walls
both types are autotrophic
both types ar prokaryotic
63
Cyanide is a poison that blocks enzymes in the mitochondria from transferring energy to what molecule?
oxygen
RNA
glucose
ATP
64
Prokaryotic cells can divide much faster than eukaryotic cells, which of the following explains why this is possible?
eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells
eukaryotic cells have less DNA than prokaryotic cells
eukaryotic cells have more cell walls than prokaryotic cells
eukaryotic cells are structurally more complex than prokaryotic cells
65
Hay is grass that is cut and dried to be fed to animals, which elements would have decreased due to the drying of hay?
sulfur and calcium
nitrogen and chlorine
oxygen and hydrogen
phosphorus and zinc
66
What molecule provides the energy for active transport to occur across the plasma membrane?
DNA
lipids
enzymes
ATP
67
In which of the following ways are photosynthesis and cellular respiration alike?
both processes involve energy transformation
both processes produce carbon dioxide
both processes produce glucose
both processes take place in chloroplasts
68
Which of the following processes releases oxygen into the atmosphere?
combustion
cellular respiration
osmosis
photosynthesis
69
A student preparing for an athletic competition should eat what type of food that will be a quick source of energy?
nucleic acid
sodium
carbohydrate
protein
70
Which of the following activities occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
growth of cell
breakdown of the nuclear membrane
replication of DNA
formation of the mitotic spindle
71
What type of organic molecule are waxes that contain fatty acids linked to chains of glycerol?
polysaccharides
proteins
nucleic acids
lipids
72
What molecule is associated with transmission of genetic information from on generation to the next?
carbohydrates
monosaccharides
nucleic acids
lipids
73
During photosynthesis and respiration in plant cells, what 3 elements cycle between chloroplasts and mitochondria?
carbon, iron, and sulfur
hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen
hydrogen, oxygen, and potassium
carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus
74
Which of the following is a central role of carbon in the chemistry of living things?
carbon can only bond with carbon
carbon is a solvent that breaks chemical bonds
carbon can form many types of molecules with covalent bonds
carbon forms ionic compounds that easily separate
75
The plasma membrane is composed of a bilayer of which of the following molecules?
DNA
ATP
Phospholipid
glucose
76
Muscle and brain cells contain thousands of mitochondria for the production of what molecule?
lipids
glucose
ATP
RNA
77
Which of the following occurs during photosynthesis?
CO2 and H2O are combined into carbonic acid
CO2 and H2O are used to produce carbohydrates
CO2 is used to produce water
CO2 is absorbed by mitochondria
78
Some antibiotics work by disrupting ATP production in bacteria, what will happen due to lack of ATP production?
less genetic material will be produced
lack of cytoplasm to
lack nucleic acids to make proteins
lack energy to perform life processes
