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AP Human Geo
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1
The most prevalent rural residential pattern in the world's agricultural areas is:
nucleated
spaced
dispersed
hierarchical
2
According to Ravenstein's Laws of Migration, which group is most likely to move?
families
older adults
young adults
children
3
Examples of luxury crops include:
cacao and corn
tobacco and potatoes
coffee and tobacco
tea and sugar
4
By 1992, the most widely grown crop was a product of the Green Revolution, IR36, a type of:
maize
potatoes
rice
wheat
5
The youngest major religion is:
Islam
Christianity
Judaism
Hinduism
6
The fundamental doctrine of the Hindu faith is :
monotheism
a violent ideology
karma
a detailed book of scripture
7
Alfred Wegner used his spatial view of the world to develop the theory of:
the hydrologic cycle
relativity
Earth rotation
continental drift
8
Hawaii and Louisiana are examples of states with...
official "English only" policies
no linguistic variation
no official language policies
official bilingual policies
9
Select the group that is not a supranational organization.
EU
OPEC
CIA
UN
10
Since 1950, this part of the developing world has seen a dramatic increase in population
agricultural areas
areas away from coasts
rural areas
urban areas
11
The Spanish invaders of Middle America, centuries ago, laid out villages and towns in what form
round
linear
grid
oval
12
Fair trade coffee buyers certify that ___% of the retail price goes to the coffee growers.
100
40
80
5
13
Barrio
is the Spanish term for:
socio-economic barriers to advancement
neighborhood
a small donkey
boundary
14
The world distribution of precipitation is concentrated in:
equatorial and tropical areas
subtropical regions
mid-latitude regions
high latitudes
15
Branch of geography that focuses on landforms, climate, soils and vegetation of the Earth is:
cultural geography
biogeography
human geography
physical geography
16
The "lost city" located in Sun City, South Africa is a good example of:
an authentic landscape
modernization
an ethnic enclave
the commodification of nature
17
The concept of culture is closely identified with:
archaeology
psychology
sociology
anthropology
18
In von Thunen's model there was a concentric circle of forest around the city because _______.
it would contain the growth of the city
it provided a recreational area
it would filter out pollution
it would provide lumber and firewood
19
Government efforts to discourage native practice and languages in the US and Canada were:
protective practices
segregating practices
eradicating practices
assimilating practices
20
Hutterites differ form the Amish in that they...
are Anabaptist
reject modern technology
live in Pennsylvania
accept modern technology
21
Japan is a hearth of global popular culture that influences North America with...
foods
fashion
sports
animated films
22
TRUE/FALSE: The study of landforms, climates and environmental change is physical geography
True
False
23
The correct name for the rectangular language division scheme in the US after the American Rev:
Franklin's system
long-lot system
metes and bounds system
township-and-range system
24
___ of internet content is in English.
12%
27%
82%
68%
25
In the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, for a judge to be appointed to the country's courts:
they had to wear a turban
they had to have a beard
they had to wear a veil
they had to wear sandals
26
According to the text, which of the following is considered a state?
Colorado
Hong Kong
France
British Columbia
27
The ____ of a group of people included the things they construct.
non-material culture
folk culture
material culture
pop culture
28
This sub field of geography studies political, economic and strategic significance
Anthropology
Econometrics
Linguistics
Geopolitics
29
Which geographical theme would study the impact of the drainage of the Florida Everglades?
human-environment
movement
location
place
30
A group of people in a particular space who see themselves as a community and who share traits
local culture
folk
popular culture
material culture group
31
Spread of ideas, traits, knowledge and skills from place of origin to areas where adopted
diffusion
cultural repulsion
adjustment
32
In terms of popular culture, cities like Paris, New York and Milan are referred to as...
hearths
world cities
local cultures
capitals
33
Which is
not
an example of a primary economic activity?
mining iron ore
corn flake production
forestry
lobster fishing
34
Which of the following nations is considered a stateless-nation?
French
Kurdish
Jewish
Spanish
35
In villages everywhere, social stratification is reflected by:
the street pattern
the range and quality of village houses
commercial buildings
the dress of the population
36
The boundaries of rocky crustal plates are associated with:
plains regions
ice caps
earthquakes and volcanoes
deserts
37
Form of villages still existing in many rural landscapes that remind of a turbulent past:
grid
round
walled
linear
38
Globally, the consumption of resources is tied to _______ more than any other factor.
rate of population growth
proximity to resources
technology
population numbers
39
What is the most residentially segregated metropolitan area for African Americans?
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Birmingham, Alabama
Seattle, Washington
Atlanta, Georgia
40
Which describes the general direction that the US population center has moved since 1970?
West and South
South
North and East
North and West
41
According to Carl Sauer, the earliest plant domestication __________.
probably involved planting root crops
was associated with seed crops
occurred in tropical middle America
was prompted by scarcity
42
During the Cold War era, which two countries balanced the power of one another?
Pakistan/India
Spain/Portugal
United Kingdom/France
US/Soviet Union
43
The
Confucian Classics
were the 13 texts that were the focus of education 2,000 years ago in:
China
Japan
Afghanistan
India
44
Central government with subnational entities that have representation in governmental processes
Communist
Federal
Compact
Unitary
45
Rice cultivation in Southeast Asia is largely a _______ activity.
mechanized
part-time
commercial
subsistence
46
The rise of secularism and decline of religious membership are found in:
Southeast Asia
Europe
Africa
Southwest Asia
47
The Little Ice age was pieced together by farmer's diaries. Those of these were most useful.
vegetable growers
grain farmers
dairy farmers
wine growers
48
The Dave Matthews Band established a ____ in VA and gained popularity through _____
hearth, distance decay
record label, contagious diffusion
hearth, hierarchical diffusion
beachhead, word of mouth
49
Zoroastrianism is similar to Islam and Christianity in that it is...
a world religion
polytheistic
a missionary religion
monotheistic
50
Which is am example of a non-material aspect of culture?
religious decoration
burning of incense
church building
an alter
51
Reasons why a person feels compelled to leave his or her home area is:
pull factors
push factors
economic indicator factors
place utility factors
52
Geographer Lee Liu found soils in intensively used fields near villages were:
not used
overused and of poor fertility
polluted
fertile and productive
53
Yugoslavia was a prime example of a:
multi-nation state
multi-state nation
stateless nation
nation-state
54
The Sea of Galilee forms a large freshwater reservoir in the Jordan Valley and supplies mainly:
Lebanon
Jordan
Syria
Israel
55
Language tree diagram of language divergence has some branches with dead ends that represent?
language subfamilies
isolated languages
standardized or non-hanging languages
extinct languages
56
The world's largest dominantly Islamic state is:
Indonesia
Iran
Egypt
Pakistan
57
The Global Environmental Facility funds projects related to four issues. Which is
not
one?
climatic change
loss of biodiversity
soil erosion
depletion of ozone layer
58
Gross National Income does not include:
work done by unmarried women
work done by state-employed women
work done by women in maquiladoras
work done by rural women in less developed countries
59
The Kyoto Protocol:
addresses US-Japan trade imbalances
addresses Japan-European trade imbalances
addresses Asian deforestation
addresses global climate change
60
Cultural geographers identify a single element of normal practice as:
a cultural heritage
a cultural peculiarity
a cultural trait
a culture region
61
The US is the most prolific producer of solid waste, producing about __ lbs per person per day.
1.5
3.5
4.5
7.3
62
The text focuses on 1 local culture in its attempts to lessen the influence of foreign culture
France
US
Zimbabwe
S. Korea
63
Map in which data are assigned to class intervals and colors/patterns to distinguish magnitude:
topographic map
dot distribution map
cartogram
choropleth map
64
Two Russian scholars have established the core of the pre-porto-Indo-European language named:
Anatolian
Nostratic
Etruscan
Austronesian
65
Convergence processes that produce a pidgin language are first introduced to a population as a:
creole language
language subfamily
lingua franca
dialect
66
What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by water?
70
90
20
50
67
The Proto-Indo-European language homeland lies somewhere north of the...
Mediterranean Sea
Sea of Okhotsk
Black Sea
Baltic Sea
68
Which of these sub-regions recently gained more central government powers with parliament?
Ireland
Scotland
Russia
Colorado
69
Which of the following US regional associations is
incorrect
?
Southwest - Mormon
New England - Catholic
South - Baptist
Upper Midwest - Lutheran
70
Roman Catholic Christianity was spread to Middle and South American by:
Italy
England
Portugal
Spain
71
Newspaper delivery areas are an example of which type of region?
graphical
statistical
formal
functional
72
Corn of the American "Corn Belt" originated in:
Central America
West Africa
Southeast Asia
the Fertile Crescent
73
Which country has a low arithmetic density, but a high physiological density?
United Kingdom
Egypt
United States
Nigeria
74
TRUE/FALSE: Cholera outbreaks have not occurred in the Twentieth Century
False
True
75
The degree of direct linkage btw one location and other location in a transport network:
connectivity
spatial interaction
movement
landscape
76
Which of the following is considered a sovereign state?
Hong Kong
Antarctica
India
Alaska
77
Bio-genetic engineering allows growing of new strains in more arid regions to meet demand of:
the cattle feed industry
grain export
bio-diesel fuel
tofu/organic food
78
The concept that which population will continue to grow even after fertility rates decline
demographic momentum
demographic transition
rate of natural increase
homeostatic plateau
79
Africa experienced a period of decolonization and creation of many new states when?
Late nineteenth century
1850s
1950s and 60s
1700s
80
Organic food is found in _____ areas.
semi-periphery
all
periphery
core
81
Which of the following was an example of forced migration?
European colonists of America moving West in search for gold
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
India-Pakistan migration after gaining independence
Spanish migration to the Western Hemisphere
82
When places are "designed" either for women or then they are said to be:
sex zones
gendered
social spaces
restricted areas
83
TRUE/FALSE: Functional regions are the product of interaction and movement
True
False
84
Most scholars believe that seed cultivation (!st Agricultural Revolution) occurred in:
tropical Africa
the Nile Valley
Asia
the Fertile Crescent
85
It is estimated that _____ of the world's population is seriously malnourished.
1/7th
1/10th
1/20th
1/2
86
Life expectancy is:
average number of years a person is expected to live
average number of years a person will live at birth
number of years a person will theoretically live
number of years a person will live
87
The visible imprint of human activity is known as:
the natural landscape
the attributes of the setting
the cultural landscape
spatial interaction
88
_____ refers to the infusing of a locality with meaning and emotion.
Regionalization
Sense of place
Location theory
Human-environment interaction
89
The most recent glaciation of the Pleistocene was the ______ Glaciation.
Illinoian
Wisconsinan
Nebraskan
Kansan
90
Political boundaries that most poorly represent the linguistic boundaries are of this region:
Africa
East Asia
South America
North America
91
Friedrich Ratzel's organic theory identified ______ as a state's essential living force.
population
strong military
space
mobility
92
Which economic activity is not counted in GNP calculations?
tending to a home garden
teaching
auto repair
commercial farming
93
Which of the following states fits the morphology description of compact?
Poland
Thailand
South Africa
Chile
94
Nigeria has federal system of government in which they adopted the ___ law in the Muslim North.
British Common
Sharia
local tribal
Nigerian Federal
95
The linguistic map of Nigeria reflects extreme fragmentation with nearly ___ languages spoken
200
15
400
25
96
The language most widely used as a 2nd language by millions of Indians, Africans, etc.:
Spanish
English
French
Arabic
97
Which of the following is
not
an example of a form of expansion diffusion?
hierarchial
contagious
independent invention
stimulus
98
Is is estimated that ___% of the Sub-Saharan realm's food is produced by females.
70
10
20
50
99
Humans do not populate in large numbers to
areas that are too cold
areas that are too wet
areas too high in elevation
all of the above
100
The Hajj, one of the "pillars of Islam" is:
the veil worn by Muslim women
the pilgrimage to Mecca
charitable giving
fasting during the holy month
101
Following the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, the only surviving superpower was:
China
US
Great Britain
France
102
Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by the release of ____ into the atmosphere.
CO2
volcanic ash
chlorofluorocarbons
methane
103
The Peace of Westphalia ________
marked the beginning of the modern state of Europe
created modern Pakistan after the British withdrawal
ended WWI
created West Germany after WWII
104
Which type of boundary uses lines of latitude and longitude and not existing physical features?
Geometric boundary
Natural boundary
Subsequent boundary
Antecedent boundary
105
Which types of countries usually encompass diverse types of climates, resources and peoples?
Compact
Prorupt
Elongated
Fragmented
106
The boundaries of this country are being contested by the Palestinians.
China
Israel
Serbia
Iraq
107
In which area of the world are countries in stage one of the demographic transition model found
Northern Europe
West and Southern Africa
North America
South America
108
The largest constituency of Christianity is:
Protestant
Coptic
Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholicism
109
In order to replace its population only, a country needs a total fertility rate of...
3.0
2.1
3.5
1.2
110
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) was perhaps the first prominent Indian religious leader to:
acknowledge sacred animals, such as cattle
accept Karma
reject the eating of meat
speak out against the Hindu caste system
111
In political geography, these forces tend to disrupt and threaten the unity of a state.
Common values
Homogeneity
Centripetal
Centrifugal
112
Sikhism is a small compromise religion that arose form the confrontation between Hinduism and:
Buddhism
Christianity
British colonial officials
Islam
113
Environmental determinism was replaced be which approach to geography in the late 20th century?
hierarchical approach
distribution approach
vernacular approach
possiblist approach
114
When a husband migrates from Mexico to US and earns money to allow for his family to migrate
distance decay
internal migration
forced migration
chain migration
115
The four major population clusters in the world include the following regions except...
East Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
South America
116
This type of state has a centralized government and administration that exercises equal control
Federal
Regional
Compact
Unitary
117
The geologic epoch, characterized by global warming, in which we are now living:
Pleistocene
Miocene
Holocene
Pliocene
118
Presently, natural increase in population is primarily due to...
a decrease in death rate
an increase in death rate
a decrease in birth rate
an increase in birth rate
119
Latin
octo
(eight) became Italian
otto
, Spanish
ocho
and French
huit.
This is an example of?
isogloss shift
sound shift
deterioration
dialect development
120
The largest major population concentration of North America is
from San Diego to San Francisco
From Washington D.C. to Boston
from Miami to Jacksonville
From Toronto to Montreal
121
Which form of diffusion cannot be transmitted by media?
expansion diffusion
hierarchical diffusion
relocation diffusion
stimulus diffusion
122
The fact that trends in popular culture proceed from large global centers to smaller cities is:
relative location
diffusion
migration
hierarchical diffusion
123
The greater the distance from the hearth, the less likely an innovation will be adopted
adoption avoidance
distance decay
cultural repulsion
inverse innovation rule
124
In areas of shifting cultivation the population _________.
never lies in permanent settlements
increases significantly
must be large enough to provide surplus labor
cannot have a high density
125
A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs is called a/an:
cultural boundary
isogloss
sound shift
international border
126
Uneven distribution of wealth and political power after colonialism was due to wealth in:
North America
Europe
Asia
Europe and North America
127
Which of the following is
not
generally a characteristic of an ethnic religion?
spatially concentrated
does not seek outside converts
found in a particular culture
always polytheistic
128
Buying a Native American styled dream catcher at a Wal-Mart store in Ohio is an example of:
cultural persistence
local custom
cultural appropriation
assimilation
129
In recent years, many wooded areas in ___ have been deforested to provide beef to the US.
East Africa
Central and South America
East and South Asia
West Africa
130
_____ culture is conceived as small, incorporating a homogeneous populationand typically rural
local
folk
material
popular
131
Mackinder's concerns of Stalin's control led to the development of containment in the US and to
friendly relationships with China
NATO
the Berlin Wall
the United Nations
132
The most widely used Indo-European language today is:
English
Chinese
Spanish
German
133
TRUE/FALSE: Details of the distribution of wealth in the US features typical at global scale
False
True
134
A high dependency ratio suggests that a large percentage of the population is...
under 14 years old
65 years or older
14-64 years old
under 14 and over 65
135
Which is an example of an interfaith (boundary) conflict?
Israel - Palestine
Northern Ireland
Former Yugoslavia
Nigeria
136
The highest Crude Birth Rates (CBR) in the world are found in...
Sub-Saharan Africa
China
Middle East
Latin America
137
Field of study that considers the rolled of politics in shaping human environmental interaction
Political-ecology
politics
danger
economics
138
The spread of disease where nearly all adjacent individuals are affected is an example of:
contagious diffusion
independent infection
reloaction diffusion
stimulus diffusion
139
The Hindu religion is one of the oldest of the religions and may have begun ___ years ago.
6,000
4,000
1,500
3,000
140
A form of tropical subsistence agriculture in which fields are rotated after short periods:
subsistence wheat cultivation
nomadic herding
subsistence rice cultivation
shifting cultivation
141
This 20th century communist empire controlled many weaker satellite states in Eastern Europe.
Soviet Union
Turkey
China
Germany
142
NAFTA is a supranationalistic organization which attempted to create a free trade zone where?
North Africa
North Atlantic
North America
New Zealand and Australia
143
The largest source of international immigrants to the US is from:
China
Mexico
India
Canada
144
The most dangerous volcano, _________, erupted about 73,500 years ago.
Santorini
Toba
St. Helen's
Tambora
145
The coordinates of absolute location are useful mainly in determining exact:
distance
elevations
distance and directions
directions
146
The ratio of percent labor force to percent of GDP in the agricultural sector of Canada means?
the agricultural sector is machine intensive
the agricultural sector is subsistence intensive
the agricultural sector is small scale intensive
the agricultural sector is labor intensive
147
The systematic study of the origin and meaning of place names is called:
toponymy
lexicography
deep reconstruction
namology
148
The location of a place in relationship to other places or features around it is called:
site
index of placeness
absolute location
relative location
149
The presence of centrifugal forces within a country has led to diffusion of power called:
imperialism
devolution
acculturation
autocratic
150
All of the following tend to be centripetal forces within a country
except
:
common language
military
education system
regionalism
151
By 1960, Mexico no longer depended on imports as production of this crop rose dramatically
coffee
corn
tomatoes
wheat
152
The mental map you have of places you routinely visit is a map of your:
inner world
region
activity spaces
neighborhood
153
The phenomenon that the farther a feature moves from a hearth, the less dominant it is
sequent occupance
concentric circle
distance decay
central place
154
The boundaries between which set of countries were established primarily to separate religions?
Mexico and the US
Libya and Chad
India and Pakistan
France and Germany
155
One element of the conflict in Sri Lanka is differences of these two religions:
Islam and Jewish
Buddhism and Hindu
Islam and Christianity
Christianity and tribal
156
The physical location of a place using the Earth latitude-longitude grid is:
grid plan
relative location
absolute location
referenced location
157
Jerusalem is a sacred place for:
Jews
All of the above
Muslims
Christians
158
Which region has a high percentage of geometric boundaries to separate states?
Southeast Asia
Europe
North Africa
South America
159
Which commodity would be found closest to the market town in von Thunen's model?
wheat
beef
firewood
milk
160
Which region of the US do geometric boundaries predominate?
Northeast
Midwest
Hawaii
Southeast
161
Demand for organic foods is greatest in:
spread equally among all regions
core regions
semi-periphery regions
periphery regions
162
The faith that is most widely dispersed over the world is:
Buddhism
shamanism
Islam
Christianity
163
The product of convergence which allows speakers of two or more languages to communicate:
lingua franca
lingua germanica
common language
standardized language
164
Coffee was domesticated in Ethiopia. Today, 70% of production is in:
Middle and South America
East Africa
Southeast Asia
South Asia
165
Any political power based in the center of Eurasia could gain enough strength to dominate.
Wallerstein's World Systems Theory
Unilateral Theory
Huntington's Clash of Civilizations Thesis
Mackinder's Heartland Theory
166
The building of a sense of community identity around the idea of "Swedish-ness" in Kansas is:
cultural appropriation
globalization
assimilation
neolocalism
167
The greatest concentration of streets memorializing MLK, Jr. are found in:
the West
the Midwest, especially Illinois
the South, especially Georgia
the Northeast, particularly Massachusetts
168
The naming of sports stadiums and other facilities for corporations is an example of:
post-modern toponyms
hubris
commodification
memorial toponyms
169
The basic unit of the township-and-range system, the section, has an area of:
1 square mile
1 acre
36 square miles
160 acres
170
The Second Agricultural Revolution can generally be traced to Europe within what time frame?
seventeenth and eighteenth century
fourteenth and fifteenth century
nineteenth and twentieth century
twelfth and thirteenth century
171
The arithmetic population density of the US is _____ per square mile.
82
347
31
1046
172
The ideology of Zionism has as its goal:
a homeland for the Jewish people
the elimination of the Orthodox division within the faith
the merger of the three modern divisions of Judaism
the merger of Judaism with other religions
173
Which of the following agricultural activities is widespread in the NE US and NW Europe?
sugar beet production
cotton growing
citrus production
dairying
174
Taro, yams and bananas are associated with the ______ hearth, according to Spencer and Thomas.
Southeast Asian
Meso-American
Southwest Asian
Ethiopia-East Asian
175
An example of a country with a population pyramid that has a large base is...
United States
Nigeria
Germany
Japan
176
Guatemala's agricultural sector produced 22.7% of the country's GDP and employs:
10% of labor force
25% of labor force
50% of labor force
22.7% of labor force
177
Which of the following is the best example of a nation-state?
Japan
China
South Africa
United Kingdom
178
The importance of the
spatial
approach that geographers use in their studies is that it shows:
history of an area
human activity only
arrangement/organization of things on the surface of Earth
political impact of boundaries
179
Race is:
composed of three major skin color groups
the same as culture
socially constructed
biologically based
180
The linking of places by common traits or characteristics is defined as:
location
region
area
place
181
At which scale to boundary disputes occur?
Local
International
All of the above
National
182
TRUE/FALSE: Cultures live in spatial isolation and show little change as a result of diffusion
False
True
183
Presently, most population growth in the world is occurring where?
western countries
more developed countries
Africa
least developed countries
184
Which of the following would not be part of the cultural landscape?
rainfall
fences
barns
livestock
185
A boundary that uses physiological features like rivers or mountains is referred to as a(n):
subsequent boundary
permeable barrier
natural/physical boundary
geometric boundary
186
The same ultraviolet radiation intercepted by darkly pigmented skin stimulates this production
A
D
E
C
187
Fragmented states can help create which type of forces within a state?
Backwash effects
Cumulative causation
Centripetal
Centrifugal
188
In 2001, reports indicated that as many as ___ women may have been victims of dowry deaths.
100
1,000
0
7,000
189
Which of the following is an example of a nation seeking its own territory?
Mexicans
British
Palestinians
English
190
A tsunami's waves result from:
tidal conditions
earthquake displacement of the seafloor
periodic floods
high storm winds called "tsunamis"
191
Buddhism has its source in:
Thailand
India
China
Japan
192
The concept that the US was ordained by God to expand across North America was:
complementarity
Rimland Theory
Manifest Destiny
gateway state
193
Which of the following countries has the lowest arithmetic density?
Brazil
United Kingdom
Canada
United States
194
Plant life and photosynthesis began about 1.5 billion years ago and increased the:
sulfur in the atmosphere
methane in the atmosphere
CO2 in the atmosphere
O2 in the atmosphere
195
What region of North America is most densely populated?
West Coast
Northeast
Pacific Northwest
Southeast
196
The form of agriculture that refers to a particular climate is:
livestock ranching
dairying
Mediterranean
shifting cultivation
197
Skin color is a matter of what pigmentation, a protective element against strong sun.
dextrose
melanin
epithelial
carotene
198
Geomancers, those who know the desires of the spirits of those occupying the natural world are:
associated with karma
associated with feng-shui
associated with Lamaism
associated with monotheism