Chapter 14 Urinary System Review

Regardless of type of contrast medium reaction a patient experiences, document all symptoms in patient's chart.

All of the following are functions of the urinary system except

After contrast injection, your patient's eyes and lips start to swell. What should you do next?

What is the radiographic appearance of benign prostatic hyperplasia

The bladder functions as a reservoir. As the amount reaches ___mL the desire to void arises.

Ionic contrast will dissociate into cation and anion, creating two separate particles in the blood

When injected into the blood, nonionic contrast remains intact.

Posterior obliques are done during cystography to demonstrate

After contrast media injection, your patient feels light-headed and faints. What should you do?

Any disruption to homeostasis may lead to an adverse reaction

The left kidney is slightly lower than the right

What modality provides a noninvasive assessment for stones without the use of iodinated contrast media?

The contrast material is injected through a syringe for a cystogram

Region/area of subcutaneous swelling caused by allergic reaction to food or drugs

The total capacity of the bladder (in mL)

Normal creatinine levels for an adult

Examples of local reactions include:

Signs of cystitis, obstuction, bladder calculi, possible fistulas are indications for

ACR recommends for patients taking Metformin to withhold prior to injection and ____ after the injection

A moderate reaction is also known as a vasovagal reaction

Alternative modality to evaluate vesicoureteral reflux

A severe reaction to contrast media is a life-threatening condition

The act of voiding under voluntary control

Which muscles on either side of the vertebral column cause the kidneys to form a vertical angle of 20 degrees with MSP

Laryngeal edema with stridor and/or hypoxia is a symptom of ____ reaction.

The average adult kidney measures _____ long

Inflammation of kidney cause by pyogenic bacteria. Hallmark sign patchy and blunted/rounded calcyces, thin parenchyma

After injecting contrast medium, the patient complains of itching. This is what type of reaction

Normal eGFR for adults

An eruption of wheals (hives) often caused by hypersensitivity to food or drugs

A common premedication protocol includes combination of _____ and ____ given 12+ hours before procedure.

Because moderate reactions may lead to life-threatening condition, medical assistance must be provided without delay

After contrast injection, the patient experiences nausea and vomiting. What should the technologist do?

Nonionic is considered low-osmolar contrast agent

Inflammation of the urinary bladder, mucosal edema on cystogram

The backward rotation of the kidneys of ___ degrees is due to the vertebral column and psoas major muscles

Important gland of the endocrine system located in fatty capsule surrounding each kidney

Retrograde flow into bladder through urethral catheter, withdrawal of catheter for imaging during voiding

10-15 degree caudal angle will project symphsis pubis inferior to the bladder on AP cystogram

Passage of large volume of urine, common symptom of diabetes

Retrograde Urography is a functional study

There are 3 constricted points along the ureter. One is near the brim of the pelvis, what is the cause?

The cation in ionic contrast used is a salt usually consisting of

What are common side effects that may occur after an IV injection of contrast medium?

Retrograde flow into bladder through urethral catheter driven by gravity

Glomeruli, glomerular capsules, proximal and distal convoluted tubules are located within

Total functional portions of the kidneys

To reduce severity of reaction, some patients may be premedicated before contrast injection

Abnormal drop of the kidneys when the patient stands upright

Excretion of diminished amount of urine, less than 400 mL/24 hours

Extravasation:

Absence of formation of a kidney

The presence of these permits radiographic visualization of the kidneys on plain abdominal radiographs

The mucosa of the trigone is smooth

Complete cessation of urinary secretion by kidneys

The inner mucosa of the bladder has numerous folds called

Retrograde injection through Brodney clamp or special catheter

This is a true allergic (anaphylactic) reaction

The patient must void to diagnose vesicoureteral reflux in this study

Normal BUN levels for an adult

Retrograde injection through ureteral catheter by urologist as a surgical procedure

The act of voiding or urination

A warm, flushed sensation, metallic taste

Patients are less likely to have reaction when low-osmolar contrast agent is used

During injection of IV contrast, the patient complains the IV site is painful and red. What should the tech do?

Blood in the urine

Ionic contrast creates a hypertonic condition by increasing blood plasma osmolality

What position is used to superimpose the urethra on the thigh in retrograde urethrography

The major calyces unite to form

Loss of consciousness caused by cerebral blood flow

Lasix is brand name for an agent that increases excretion of urine

Structural and functional unit of the kidney

Patients with history of hay fever, asthma, food allergy may be candidates for premedication procedure.

Imaging Modality of Choice for evaluating the transplanted kidney