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Human Physiology 2 Body System - Week 10-Digestion and Metabolism - Lecture 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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Human Physiology 2 Body System - Week 10-Digestion and Metabolism - Lecture 1
Human Physiology 2 Body System - Week 10-Digestion and Metabolism - Lecture 1
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Answers
1
Within Gastrointestinal secretions, bile does what?
Bile acids aid in fat digestion, digestive enzymes
Bile acids aid in fat digestion, elimination waste products
Bile acids aid in Carb digestion, elimination waste products
Bile acids aid in Carb digestion, digestive enzymes
2
In the motility of the Small Intestine segmentation is
Burning and defecating
Churning and defecating
Churning and mixing
Burning and mixing
3
The main function of the small intestine in digestion is
mechanical breakdown, chemical breakdown of fats and protein
storage and fluid uptake
chemical breakdown of sugars, proteins and fats. ABSORPTION
mechanical breakdown and lubrication
4
Which hormone triggers migrating motor complexes (housekeeping function).
5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Motilin
Peptide YY
5
Which of the following is
not
one of the accessory digestive organs
Small intestine
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver/gall bladder
6
What process is when enzymes are secreted into the lumen, digest molecules into building blocks
Chemical Digestion
Mechanical breakdown
Absorption of Nutrients
Mechanical movement
7
What is the process called when food is taken into the digestive tract?
Ingestion
Propulsion (Motility)
Absorption of Nutrients.
Inhalation
8
What is the process called when food is moved along the the alimentary canal?
Invulsion
Propulsion
Mechanical movement
Convulsion
9
Which hormone slows gastric emptying?
Motilin
5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Peptide YY
10
What is the process called that keeps the gut clean when empty between meals
Migrating Motor Complex
Migrating Minor Complex
Mitigating Motor Complex
Mitigating Minor Complex
11
Presence of food in the stomach activates what reflex in the large intestine?
Sympathetic reflex
Peristalsis reflex
Gastrocolic reflex
Parasympathetic reflex
12
The Enteric Nervous System can act autonomously from CNS
True
False
13
Which is
not
Major inhibitory transmitters for the the Enteric Nervous System
ATP
Nitric Oxide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
Acetylcholine
14
Peptide YY
Triggers migrating motor complexes (housekeeping function).
Slows small intestine transit
Stimulates peristalsis, Nausea
Slows gastric emptying
15
Migrating Motor Complex (MMC) motor program is activated which hormone
Peptide YY
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
5-Hydroxytryptamine
Motilin
16
In defecation, voluntary signals do what?
stimulate relaxation of the external anal sphincter
Parasympathetic nerves stimulates contraction
Sympathetic nerves inhibited, relaxing anal sphincter
Stimulates sensory nerves
17
Parasympathetic innervation targets the?
Targets enteric nervous system > stomach
Targets enteric nervous system >small intestine
Targets enteric nervous system > pancreas and gall bladder
Targets enteric nervous system > muscle of sphincters
18
Sympathetic innervation targets the?
Targets enteric nervous system > muscle of sphincters
Targets enteric nervous system > pancreas and gall bladder
Targets enteric nervous system >small intestine
Targets enteric nervous system > stomach
19
Which of the following is
not
apart of the alimentary canal?
Small intestine & large intestine
Anus
Esophagus
Spleen
20
The main function of the large intestine in digestion is
chemical breakdown of sugars, proteins and fats. ABSORPTION
mechanical breakdown and lubrication
mechanical breakdown, chemical breakdown of fats and protein
storage and fluid uptake
21
In regulation of gastric emptying in the duodenal what promote activation of sympathetic nerves
High pH
Expansion
Distension
Low pH
22
The presence of fat in the duodenal promotes the release of what hormone?
Peptide YY
5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Motilin
23
Which of the following is one of the functions of sympathetic innervation?
Stimulates motility and secretion
Triggers vagal sensory innervation from nodoseganglion
Targets enteric nervous system > pancreas & gall bladder
Inhibits movements contracts sphincters & inhibits secretion
24
Cephalic Phase of GIT Secretion: 1.____initiated in brain create 2.____response to ENS
1. Long reflexes 2. Backward
1. Short reflexes 2. Feedforward
1. Short reflexes 2. Backward
1. Long reflexes 2. Feedforward
25
Which of the following is not one of the effects of distension of rectal walls by feces?
Sympathetic nerves inhibited, relaxing anal sphincter
Cause urge to defecate
Stimulates sensory nerves
Parasympathetic nerves stimulates relaxation
26
The main function of the stomach in digestion is
mechanical breakdown, chemical breakdown of fats and protein
storage and fluid uptake
mechanical breakdown and lubrication
chemical breakdown of sugars, proteins and fats. ABSORPTION
27
Major excitatory transmitters in the Enteric Nervous System are(VIP=VasoactiveIntestinalPeptide
Acetylcholine and Substance X
Nitric Oxide and ATP
Acetylcholine and Substance P
Nitric Oxide and VIP
28
Within Gastrointestinal secretions, mucous does what?
Aids in digestive enzymes
Lubrication, mechanical protection and chemical barrier
Aid in digestion of fats–Waste products
Production of acid and bicarbonate
29
GIT breaks food into smaller fragments which are absorbed through its lining, this is called?
Ingestion
Assembly line
Defecation
Disassembly line
30
The main Gastro-Intestinal Track (GIT) group includes
Digestive tract, alimentary canal
Salivary glands
Teeth and Tongue
Liver/ gall bladder and pancreas
31
What is the process called that increases the surface area of ingested food?
Mechanical movement
Mechanical breakdown
Absorption of Nutrients
Chemical Digestion
32
Sympathetic innervation occurs via?
Via prevertebral ganglia via splanchnic nerves
Via the ganglion and cranial nerves
Via prevertebral ganglia via cranial nerves
Via the vagus and pelvic nerves
33
Stretching of the pharynx causes relaxation in preparation for food, this is called?
Receptive relaxation
Reaccommodation
Contraceptive relaxation
Accommodation
34
Which two GI secretions provide lubrication and aid in digestion?
Water and electrolytes
Acid and electrolytes
Acid and Bicarbonate
Water and Bicarbonate
35
Cycles of contraction and relaxation are associated with spontaneous cycles of
Contraction and repolarisation
Contraction and expansion
Polarisation and repolarisation
Depolarisation and repolarisation
36
For regulation of gastric emptying in the duodenal what is sensed by the nerves?
Low pH
Expansion
High pH
Distension
37
Gastric Emptying is regulated by what?
Gastric reflexes and Distension
Neural reflexes and low pH
Neural reflexes and hormonal mechanisms
Gastric reflexes and Distension
38
Which cells generate slow waves by a specialized network of “pacemaker” cells?
Expansion Cells of Cajal (ECC)
Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC)
Slow Cells of Cajal (SCC)
Pacemaker Cells of Cajal (PCC)
39
The Enteric Nervous System controls
Activity of muscle layers, secretion & local blood flow
Activity of enzymes, secretion & local blood flow
Activity of enzymes, secretion & local oxygen allocation
Activity of muscle layers, secretion & oxygen allocation
40
The main function of the mouth in digestion is
storage and fluid uptake
chemical breakdown of sugars, proteins and fats. ABSORPTION
mechanical breakdown and lubrication
mechanical breakdown, chemical breakdown of fats and protein
41
5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
Slows small intestine transit
Triggers migrating motor complexes (housekeeping function).
Slows gastric emptying
Stimulates peristalsis, Nausea
42
Food moves along the gut continuously?
False
True
43
Migrating Motor Complex (MMC) (SM = Small intestine)
All of the answers
Large contraction sweeps from stomach to the end of SM
Clears away debris
Occurs in fasted state & causes gurgling noises
44
As stomach fills and stretches it relaxes to accept more food, this is called?
Contraceptive relaxation
Reaccommodation
Receptive relaxation
Accommodation
45
Which of the following is one of the functions of Parasympathetic innervation?
Targets enteric nervous system, muscle of sphincters
Triggers vagal sensory innervation from nodoseganglion
Inhibits movements contracts sphincters & inhibits secretion
Stimulates motility and secretion
46
Parasympathetic innervation occurs via
Via prevertebral ganglia via splanchnic nerves
Via prevertebral ganglia via cranial nerves
Via the vagus and pelvic nerves
Via the ganglion and cranial nerves
47
In the food processing stage, the absorption of nutrients is
Moving food along the alimentary canal
Products from the lumen into blood or lymph through mucosae
Enzymes secreted into the lumen to digest complex molecules
Elimination of indigestible substances
