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Midterm Review
Midterm Review
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1
What are possible causes of cleft lip and/or palate?
Chromosomal disorders
Genetics
No single cause—multifactorial
Intrauterine environmental factors
2
T/F: A lang. delay is expected to be a slow start with dev. lang., but it is expected that kids will catch up.
False
True
3
What is the difficulty recognizing & understanding the mental states of other people & seeing other’s perspectives.
Social communication disorder
Theory of mind
Sensory processing disorder
Hypersensitivity
4
What are the three main characteristics for autism spectrum disorder according to the DSM-5 (2013)?
Impaired joint attention
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
Persistent impairment in reciprocal social comm. and social interaction
All are correct
5
What parts make up the Central Nervous System?
Cerebrum, brain stem, spinal cord, and heart
Heart, spinal cord, brain, brain stem
Arms, legs, cerebrum, brain stem
Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord
6
Sights, sounds, and a rich environment influence the progression of speech development.
False
True
7
When air builds up below the VF and “blows” the VF open leading to air traveling up to oral/nasal passages for speech?
Bernoulli effect
Abduction
Adduction
Phonation
8
The quality of the voice that results from vibration of sound in the pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity
Hypernasality
Nasal emission
Resonance
Hyponasality
9
What are the two most important structures of the mouth?
Uvula and alveolar ridge
Gums and teeth
Tongue and lips
Teeth and lips
10
What is the name of the tube that comes up from the trachea and has three parts?
Trachea
Maxilla
Pharynx
Soft Palate
11
How does distinctive feature analysis help the speech-language pathologist in an evaluation or therapy?
Other professionals besides a SLP would determine this.
Helps you determine if there is a general pattern of errors or no pattern
It does not help at all.
It gives information about only some distinctive features.
12
The smallest unit of speech that can be recognized as being distinct from other sounds in the language is called a
dialect
phoneme
letter
syllable
13
Treatment modality options for working with a child with a language disorder include all of the following EXCEPT...
SLP works only w/child in highly structured, nonenjoyable activities.
SLP creates spontaneous opportunities to work on lang. and engage w/ others
SLP sees child in ind. tx w/ a structured set of goals & sequence of tasks
14
When analyzing language in early childhood, what is the purpose of knowing Brown’s stages as a SLP?
There is no purpose; a speech-language pathologist would not use this.
To determine communicative competence in a young child.
To use this with a child over 4 to determine readiness for therapy.
To evaluate language dev. in terms of MLU and grammatical morpheme changes.
15
A language disorder in children involves which of the following?
Form, content, and use/function of language
Form and content of language
Involves only spoken language and comprehension of language
Content and use/function of language
16
The upward and backward movement of the soft palate making contact with the posterior pharyngeal wall is called:
Oral resonance
Velopharyngeal closure
Nasal resonance
Uvula
17
In EI, team members create goals as well as who will provide services, how often, & where. This document is called a(n)
Transdisciplinary team
Individualized education plan
Individualized family service plan
Goal setting
18
What are some problems associated with cleft lip/palate?
All are correct
Dental anomalies
Feeding
Resonance disorders
19
What are the 3 main functions for breathing?
Speech only
Supply fresh oxygenated blood and rid body of CO2
Supply fresh oxygenated blood for body, rid body of CO2 waste, & speech
Coughing and air for speech
20
Which criteria will qualify a child for EI services?
Demonstrates a delay or SLP feels there is a substantial risk for dev delay
All are correct
Has a diagnosed condition that carries with it dev delays or disabilities
At risk for developmental problems due to environmental or child factors
21
Children from 3 to 4 years old begin to develop which of the following?
Complex sentence structure
Use of narratives to tell stories and discourse for conversation
Knowledge of figurative language
Use of cooperation principles and functor words
22
What are the primary functions of the temporal lobes?
Right temporal lobe process the stress, intonation, and rate of speech
Responsible for auditory comprehension
All are correct
Left temporal lobe houses Wernicke's area
23
A child with a Language Based Learning Disability may present with which difficulties?
Communicating narrative information in the class
Understanding increasingly complex verbalinformation
All are correct
Learning to read and write
24
In toddlerhood, the child learns how to use language based on what?
Using inflection to ask questions
Interactions with parents/caregivers only
Experiences and exploring the environment
Engagement with toys only
25
What are 3 important terms related to voice?
frequency, decibels, intonation
frequency, intensity, voice quality
loudness, intonation, voice quality
pitch, Hertz, harsh
26
What are the four lobes of the brain?
Cerebrum, Broca's Area, Wernicke's Area, Cerbellum
None of these are correct
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal
Frontal, Parietal, Pons, Medulla
27
How does an SLP decide how/which treatment approach to use?
All are correct
Use own clinical experiences
Use knowledge from what they learned in graduate school and from colleagues
Use evidence-based practice
28
In articulation therapy, the following hierarchy should be followed:
Work only on speech and not auditory discrimination nor generalization
Aud. discrimination, isolation, CV combos, words, sent., convo, gen.
Randomly address, not in a systematic way
Produce sound in isolation, words, sentences only
29
T/F: The primary function of the tongue and lips is speech production.
False
True
30
A child with a phonological disorder may present with
Both errors from simplification of ind. sounds/combos & patterned errors
Inability to physically produce sounds due to a motor component
Errors resulting from the simplification of ind. sounds/sound combinations
Errors with several phonemes that form patterns
31
What are the muscles for breathing/speech?
Both diaphragm and internal and external intercostals
Diaphragm and lungs
Diaphragm only
Intercostals only
32
T/F: An SLP should research other cultures/languages to determine if a child has a disorder, delay, or difference.
False
True
33
T/F: A SLP would complete the same INITIAL assessment if they suspected either articulation or phonological disorder.
False
True
34
What are the primary functions of the frontal lobe?
Controls movement and coordination
Responsible for vision
Houses Wernicke's area
Executive Functions: Problem solving, planning, reasoning, impulse control
35
There are several possible dev. warning signs that may indicate that a child should be evaluated for ASD. Choose one.
Steady development of language, poor eye contact, but presence of smiling
Regression of language or social skills, lack of babbling, good eye contact
Reduced eye contact, lack of babbling or gestures, late language emergence
Repetitive behaviors, does respond to own name, good eye contact
36
What are the hallmark features of ADHD in terms of signs and symptoms?
Language impairment only
Hyperactivity
Inattention, Impulsivity, Hyperactivity
Inattention & Impulsivity only
37
What are the main cartilages of the larynx?
Cricoid, epiglottis
Arytenoids, epiglottis
Cricoid, arytenoids
Cricoid, arytenoid, and epiglottis
38
Possible causes of articulation disorders include which of the following?
Unknown causes
All are correct
Result of a neurological disorder
Structural abnormalities
39
African American English (AAE)
Has differences only in linguistic aspects compared to SAE and not speech
Can't be tested b/c there is no test to determine if the child is using AAE
Is a systematic, rule-based dialect where some code-switch between AAE/SAE
Is not a systematic, rule-governed dialect of Standard American English
40
When asked to assess and treat a child with a suspected language disorder, the SLP should keep what in mind?
ALL: Knowledge/skills, assess in many contexts, deficits in all lang areas
Both knowledge & skills and need to assess in variety of contexts.
That deficits appear in all aspects of language.
That language be assessed in a variety of contexts as performance may vary.
41
The challenges of assessing children who present with language disorders include all EXCEPT which of the following?
Language is complex and can be difficult to assess.
You need to describe the child’s strengths and weaknesses.
Each child develops language individually and at their own pace.
You have to assess a child in only one context.
42
T/F: The brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls the face, mouth, & larynx for speech production.
False
True
43
Distinctive features are determined by what three factors?
Voice, manner, place
Sounds, phonemes, voice
Letters, manner, place
Vowels, voice, place
44
T/F: Dialects and accents are considered to be disorders by speech-language pathologists.
False
True
45
What is the name of the most common approach to treat phonological disorders?
Contrasting phonemes approach
Articulation treatment
Speech sound hierarchy
Distinctive feature analysis
46
Why is knowing speech development and markers important?
Helps you determine if the child is falling behind against dev. markers
Helps you identify errors and if child is presents with a SSD
All are correct
Helps you predict how a child will develop across the age span
47
In early childhood education, in order to qualify, a child must meet which of the following criteria?
Can attend at any age.
Disorder needs to significantly interfere w/ academic success based on eval
Child does not have to exhibit any delay or disorder.
Child would have to transition from EI in order to quality for service.
48
Children who have speech sound disorders may experience which of the following:
Frustration and embarrassment
All are correct
Impacts on learning
Reduced social/interpersonal interactions
49
What are the three parts of the brain stem?
Cerbellum, pons, medulla
Midbrain, pons, medulla
Pons, Spinal Cord, Midbrain
Pharynx, Larynx, Medulla
50
The incorrect production of speech sounds due to a motor component or a developmental disorder is considered
An articulation disorder
A phonological disorder
A speech delay
Not a disorder at all
51
The written or printed symbol representing a speech sound is called a phoneme.
True
False
52
A child who is diagnosed with specific language impairment presents with all EXCEPT which of the following?
Presents w/ pragmatic & metalinguistic imp. that impact social/academics.
Will not receive speech therapy until school age and falls far behind peers
Presents with impairments in both receptive and expressive language
Started as slow talker but fell behind peers by 6–12 mos in language skills
53
How many stages are there in speech development?
4
2
6
0
54
Children w/ borderline language skills or LI may have challenges with academics/social and may benefit from support.
True
False
55
What are the two types of language that a child possesses?
Receptive and Expressive Language
Social Interaction and Syntax
Speech and Language
Pragmatics and Grammar
56
How does an infant communicate between birth and 6 months of age?
Only through crying
Using a variety of means including crying, grunts, cooing, and gooing
Using his/her body movements
Does not communicate because he/she cannot talk
57
The four types of articulation disorders includes which of the following?
Substitutions, omissions, distortions, additions
Only substitutions and distortions
Substitutions, delays, differences, additions
Delay, omissions, distortions, additions
58
An assessment of speech sound disorders would include the following components:
Observation, interview, formal and informal assessments
Observation, only formal assessments
Observation, interview, informal assessments only
Would not complete any assessment
59
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Is a set of transcription symbols
Contains consonants, vowels, and diphthongs
Can be used to identify speech sounds from any language
All are correct
60
An assessment that collects info about a child’s expressive language during a real-life communication task is called
Dynamic Assessment
MLU
Language Sample
Standardized assessment
