stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
AP Psychology Exam Review New CED Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
AP Psychology Exam Review New CED
AP Psychology Exam Review New CED
138 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
1,391 plays
AP Psychology Review
Flashcards
138 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
138
Answers
1
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
Concerns over validity
Many confounding variables
Sampling error
The need for a representative sample
2
Which of the following correlation coefficients would best allow you to predict weight on the basis of IQ?
-.62
-.09
+.87
+.21
3
Which measure of central tendency is most effected by outliers?
Median
Range
Mean
Mode
4
Which is the correct order of parts on a basic neuron (going from left to right)?
Dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminals
Axon, cell body, dendrite, axon terminals
Dendrites, axon, cell body, axon terminals
Axon terminals, cell body, axon, dendrites
5
According to Chomsky's theory of universal grammar (nativist theory), language is acquired...
Only if instruction is provided in the native language.
Using an inborn ability to learn language.
By parents reinforcing correct language use.
Best in the language and culture native to the family.
6
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Denial
Rationalization
Sublimation
Regression
7
The information-processing theory states that dreams...
Are our brain making sense of random neurological activity
Occur only after stressful events.
Occur as the brain deals with daily events during REM sleep.
Are representations of the information we encode daily.
8
In James Marcia's Identity Theory, premature commitment to an identity with no exploration is called
Moratorium
Diffusion
Achievement
Foreclosure
9
Agonists are psychoactive drugs that...
Mimic neurotransmitters and block their receptor sites.
Mimic the same effects as certain neurotransmitters.
Enhance the effects of certain opiates like heroin.
Produce tolerance to the drug without withdrawal symptoms.
10
Which is NOT one of the big five personality traits?
Honesty
Agreeableness
Openness
Extraversion
11
Many schizophrenics suffer from...
Multiple personalities
Perceived illnesses
Compulsions
Hallucinations
12
Which reinforcement schedule is the most resistant to extinction?
Variable Ratio
Fixed Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable interval
13
Psychologists prefer the experimental method to other research methods because...
Experiments are more likely to support hypotheses.
Experiments result in statistically significant findings.
It is easier to obtain a random sample.
Experiments can show cause-effect relationships.
14
The information-processing model of memory includes
Sensory, short-term, long-term
Encoding, storage, retrieval
Structural, phonemic, semantic
Automatic & effortful
15
We tend to forget information at a predictable rate. This is known as ________.
the forgetting curve
the recall curve
dissociative amnesia
source amnesia
16
When we integrate new information into a preexisting schema, we are using _______.
accommodation
transduction
assimilation
long-term potentiation
17
A negative side-effect of ECT is...
Hysteria
Memory loss
Tardive dyskinesia
Hallucinations
18
According to Ecological Systems Theory, our immediate environment with which we interact daily is our
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Microsystem
Macrosystem
19
Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Musical
Linguistic
Practical
Spatial
20
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
Linguistic skills decline with age.
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
21
Which theory explains that when we are hungry, we eat to reduce the discomfort of feeling hunger?
Sensation-seeking theory
Incentive theory
Drive-reduction theory
Evolutionary theory
22
The balanced physiological state we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs is called...?
Homeostasis
Primary satisfaction
Self-actualization
Equilibrium
23
The desire for harmony within a group leads to everyone going along with the "group decision"
Group polarization
Groupthink
Deindividuation
Social loafing
24
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
Sensation is mechanical, while perception is cognitive.
Sensation detects stimuli, perception interprets stimuli.
Sensation is in the skin while perception is in the brain.
Perception is an advanced form of sensation.
25
Darla eats the same thing for breakfast & lunch everyday & prefers to not venture too far out of her Ballantyne bubble
high in neuroticism
low in openness
high in extroversion
low in conscientiousness
26
Which neurotransmitter is affected by opiates, such as heroin or morphine?
Serotonin
GABA
Dopamine
Endorphins
27
Parental involvement can have dramatic effects on all of the following human traits, EXCEPT...?
Motor development
Intelligence
Self-esteem
Reading ability
28
Selye's general adaptation syndrome describes
the effect of low arousal on emotion
our reactions to stress
the sexual response cycle in humans
how the CNS processes emotions
29
Photoreceptors in the periphery of the retina that detect black & white, shapes, & movement are called
Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells
Rods
Cones
30
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
Pre-operational
Sensorimotor
Formal Operations
Conventional
31
Which of the following is the best example of prejudice?
Santiago dislikes cheerleaders.
Mr. Tamp calls on boys more often than girls.
Billy won't let girls play on his hockey team.
Ginny thinks all Asians are smart.
32
Symbolic dream analysis might be used by a psychologist from which perspective?
Biopsychologist
Psychoanalytic
Structuralist
Behaviorist
33
Which of the following is a NEGATIVE SYMPTOM of schizophrenia?
Flat affect
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized thinking & speech
34
John is impulsive, inconsiderate of others, & enjoys manipulating people. He would most likely be diagnosed with
schizotypal personality disorder
borderline personality disorder
antisocial personality disorder
autism spectrum disorder
35
If you only had sight in one eye, which of the following depth cues could you NOT use?
Texture gradient
Linear perspective
Convergence
Interposition
36
According to Ecological Systems Theory, our immediate environment with which we interact daily is our
Mesosystem
Macrosystem
Microsystem
Exosystem
37
According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are primarily concerned in a search for...?
Career
Identity
Affection
Autonomy
38
Activation of the sympathetic nervous _____ digestion & ______ heart rate.
decreases; decreases
increases; decreases
increases; increases
decreases; increases
39
What type of correlation is represented on the scatterplot?
Negative correlation
Positive correlation
Illusory correlation
No correlation
40
A theory or hypothesis that cannot be proven through the scientific method is called
non-valid
non-reliable
non-standardized
non-falsifiable
41
Stress that is positive & motivating is known as
distress
eustress
activating stress
approach-approach stress
42
Our tendency to overestimate the impact of disposition on OTHERS' behavior is known as
attribution theory
person-perception
a self-fulfilling prophecy
the fundamental attribution error
43
Using
successive approximations
to reward behavior as it gets closer to the desired behavior
Negative reinforcement
Social learning theory
Shaping
Classical conditioning
44
In long term memory, _______ is to remembered events & facts as ________ is procedures & conditioned associations.
explicit memory; implicit memory
semantic memory; episodic memory
implicit memory; explicit memory
working memory; sensory memory
45
One of your classmates remarks that "Ryan is all id." What does she likely mean?
Ryan uses a lot of defense mechanisms.
Ryan is a highly-ethical person.
Ryan frequently pursues immediate gratification.
Ryan is a perfectionist.
46
Focuses on the impact of conditioning (associative learning) on personality & mental processes
Psychoanalytic
Cognitive
Biological
Humanistic
Social-cultural
Behavioral
47
Which of the following is an example of a secondary (conditioned) reinforcer?
Food
Sleep
Money
Water
48
In most people, which of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere?
Control of the left hand
Abstract reasoning
Spatial reasoning
Producing speech
49
In James Marcia's Identity Theory, premature commitment to an identity with no exploration is called
Diffusion
Achievement
Moratorium
Foreclosure
50
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Assigning a student a detention for fighting.
Going inside to escape a thunderstorm.
Buying a child a video game after she throws a tantrum.
Depriving a prison inmate of sleep.
51
Which statement about bulimia is true?
All bulimics use vomiting to rid their bodies of calories.
Bulimics lose in excess of 15 percent of their body weight.
Bulimics tend to be overly concerned with their body image.
The main cause of bulimia is society's emphasis on thinness.
52
Which of the following is most likely to reduce hostility between antagonistic groups?
Encourage them to avoid each other as much as possible.
Punish the groups whenever they treat each other badly.
Give groups a task that must be solved by working together.
Force the groups to spend a lot of time together.
53
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is a(n)...?
Intelligence test
Achievement test
Standardized test
Aptitude test
54
The belief that personality is created by the interaction between a person, their behavior, & environment is known as
reciprocal determinism
mutuality
attribution theory
combination theory
55
Which of the following IS NOT a part of the limbic system?
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Amygdala
Hippocampus
56
Which aspects of hunger are controlled by the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus?
The binge and purge cycle in bulimics.
Contraction and expansion of the stomach.
Body temperature and desire to eat.
The desire to eat and the feeling of fullness.
57
Which sentence most accurately describes sensory memory?
Decides which memories to encode in long-term memory.
Perfectly stores all sensory input for a limited time.
Encodes only sensations we are currently attending to.
Records all incoming sensations, remembering them forever.
58
In sensory memory, _______ is to visual input as _______ is to auditory input.
echoic memory; iconic memory
visuospatial memory; phonological memory
iconic memory; echoic memory
structural memory; phonemic memory
59
Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of...
Environmental conditioning
Unconscious behavioral impulses
Individual choice
Biological processes
60
Di. Li asks her clients to interpret ambiguous pictures of people in various settings. What type of test is he using?
IQ test
Personality inventory
Achievement test
Projective test
61
Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find most often in her research?
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Secure
Avoidant
62
Which sleep stage do we spend more time in as the night progresses?
REM
NREM 2
NREM 3
NREM 1
63
________ are to the endocrine system as ________ are to the nervous system.
Agonists; antagonists
Endorphins; neurotransmitters
Hormones; neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters; hormones
64
Focuses on the impact of the brain, genes, neurotransmitters, & hormones on behavior & mental processes
Behavioral
Cognitive
Humanistic
Evolutionary
Biological
Social-cultural
65
Which of the following types of learning occurs without any conscious effort (according to behaviorists)?
Observational learning
Operant conditioning
Vicarious learning
Classical conditioning
66
Which of the following is an example of random sampling?
Approaching any 50 students during 6th-period lunch.
Flipping a coin to assign students to two different tests.
Having a computer generate a random list of 100 students.
Picking out of a hat to assign subjects to a condition.
67
An action potential is an "all or none response" - the neuron fires as long as the signal reaches the _______.
Resting potential
Threshold
Line of depolarization
Refractory period
68
Which brain scans should be used when studying connections between stimuli and brain processes?
MRI and CAT
EKG and CAT
PET and EEG
CAT and EKG
69
You tense up after hearing scary music during a horror film. In this case, the music is a(n)...
UR
CR
US
CS
70
Which of these is the best example of crystallized intelligence?
Arvin changes jobs & easily adapts to the new environment
Tino uses his exceptional vocabulary to excel at Scrabble
Susan quickly learns to use a computerized stats program for class
Gina is always the first in class to finish math tests
71
The ______ is the entire group to which the research will apply & the _______ are those who take part in the research.
sample; population
population; sample
72
On a normal curve, what percentage of scores will fall within one standard deviation of the mean?
14%
68%
34%
95%
73
The cochlea is responsible for...
Sending messages to the brain about the body's orientation.
Transforming vibrations into neural signals.
Protecting the surface of the eye.
Transmitting vibrations to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
74
Andy is softhearted, trusting, gullible, & forgiving. Which of the Big 5 traits is he likely to score high on?
Extraversion
Openness
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
75
Julia was euphoric after her wedding, but after a few weeks she felt normal again. Which concept best explains this?
Relative deprivation
Adaptation-level phenomenon
Reciprocal determinism
General adaptation syndrome
76
Which technique would a cognitive therapist be most likely to use?
Active listening
Interpretation
Rational-emotive behavior therapy
Systematic desensitization
77
Harlow's experiments with substitute mothers made of wire demonstrated the importance of _____ in nurture.
stranger anxiety
touch
feeding
imprinting
78
Perceived control over a stressful event results in...
Less reported stress.
More frustration regarding the stressful event.
More motivation to solve the stressful problem.
Increased arousal.
79
"Brain plasticity" refers to...
New connections forming to take over for damaged sections.
Our adaptability to different problems.
The surface texture of the cerebral cortex.
The brain's ability to regrow damaged neurons.
80
The neural network extending up through the brainstem controls alertness & attention
Limbic system
Reticular activating system
Pons
Thalamus
81
In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was...?
The number of people in the group.
The instructions given by the experimenter.
The highest level of shock supposedly administered.
The location of the learner.
82
The interpretation of physiological arousal that precedes the experienced emotion is called a(n)
cognitive reorganization
cognitive map
cognitive label
simultaneous emotional experience
83
________ carry signals to the brain, while ________ carry signals from the brain to muscles.
Sensory neurons; motor neurons
Interneurons; motor neurons
Motor neurons; sensory neurons
Interneurons; sensory neurons
84
Which of the following is not an aspect of working memory?
Visuospatial sketchpad
Phonological loop
Iconic memory
Central executive
85
Sandy scores a perfect 100 on a test everyone else fails. Graphically, the data would be...
Normal
Negatively skewed
A straight line
Positively skewed
86
After living next to the airport for a few weeks, you fail to notice the sound of planes taking off. This is known as
habituation
maturation
sensory adaptation
threshold realignment
87
Which hormones is associated with feelings of hunger?
Serotonin
Oxytocin
Leptin
Ghrelin
88
The understanding of principles of _____ indicates development from the preoperational stage to concrete operations
theory of mind
animism
egocentrism
conservation
89
The inability to remember events that occurred BEFORE a head injury is called
Anterograde amnesia
Retroactive interference
Retrograde amnesia
Proactive interference
90
Focuses on the impact of childhood experiences & the unconscious on personality development & behavior
Behavioral
Social-cultural
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
Biological
Cognitive
91
Focuses on the impact natural selection, survival, & reproduction on behavior & mental processes
Evolutionary
Social-cultural
Behavioral
Humanistic
Cognitive
Biological
92
Which of the following brain scans looks at STRUCTURE?
PET scan
EEG
MRI
fMRI
93
Schizophrenia is most likely to be treated with...?
Prozac
Valium
Lithium
Thorazine
94
_______ is to experiments as _______ is to surveys
Random sampling; random assignment
Convenience sampling; representative sampling
Random assignment; random sampling
Representative sampling; random assignment
95
Juan falsely believes that the FBI is tracking him & listening to his phone calls. Juan is experiencing...
Hallucinations
Obsessions
Delusions
Compulsions
96
Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the...
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere.
97
Which of the following is not a color combination in opponent-process theory?
Red-green
Green-yellow
Blue-yellow
Black-white
98
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Basic elements of memories stored in long-term memory.
Elements of telegraphic speech toddlers use.
Two types of influences language has on thought.
Elements of language.
99
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Endorphins
Adrenaline
100
During finals week, John experiences more stress than others, & is very irritable. According to the Big 5, John would be
low in openness
high in neuroticism
high in introversion
high in conscientiousness
101
You find a slug on the shed only after it rains. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?
Continuous
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Variable Ratio
102
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is...
Permissive, because children need to explore.
Authoritarian, because children learn boundaries quickly.
Authoritative, because children have justifiable boundaries.
Securely attached, because parents will meet all needs.
103
All of the following are based on counterconditioning techniques EXCEPT
token economies
aversive therapy
systematic desensitization
flooding
104
Gate-Control Theory refers to...
Blocking sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected.
How our minds use either bottom-up or top-down processing.
Which pain messages are perceived.
Which sensory impulses are transmitted first.
105
To treat epileptic seizures, doctors may sever the _____ in split-brain surgery.
brainstem
limbic system
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
106
What is the median of the following distribution: 6, 2, 9, 4, 7, 3?
6
5.5
4.5
5
107
A therapist who pulls techniques from multiple different perspectives is described as...
Social-cultural
Eclectic
Functionalist
Humanist
108
A researcher conducts an experiment & reports a large effect size (
Cohen's d
= .85). What does this value indicate?
The p-value is below .05, indicating statistical significance
The magnitude of difference between groups is substantial
The experiment's procedures were properly standardized
The results can be generalized to the entire population
109
Which of the following concepts is most integral to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
Gestalt Theory
The unconscious mind
Structuralism
Behaviorism
110
Which of the following neurotransmitters allows you to have control over your muscles?
Serotonin
Dopamine
GABA
Acetylcholine
111
One of the principal differences between ethical guidelines for human and animal research is...
Humans can be deceived for experimental purposes.
Animals can be placed at much greater risk than humans.
Conditions for humans must be monitored more closely.
Humans must be chosen much more carefully than animals.
112
Recall is more difficult that recognition because
recognized memories are more recent than recalled memories
recall involves cues to the memory that cause interference
recognition involves matching with something already in memory
memories retrieved by recognition are more deeply processed
113
Which of the following IS NOT an anxiety disorder?
Ataque de nervios
Taijin kyofusho
Agoraphobia
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
114
Which of the following is not a light-sensitive cone, according to trichromatic theory?
Green
Yellow
Blue
Red
115
The principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is...
The developmental stage of the participants.
The time span of the study.
The number of participants involved.
The statistical methods employed to evaluate the data.
116
After using deception in research, this must be done to inform the participant of the true nature of the study
Informed assent
Debriefing
Informed consent
Confidentiality
117
Our tendency to overestimate the likelihood of something based on previous events (like flipping a coin) is called the
gambler's fallacy
mental set
algorithmic heuristic
blackjack problem
118
Which of the following are reasons why intrinsic motivation might be better than extrinsic?
Intrinsic is higher on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Intrinsic is easier and more convenient to provide.
Intrinsic is more effective with a wider range of people.
Intrinsic might be more enduring.
119
Continuing something (such as a relationship) because you're already invested when stopping would be more beneficial
Gambler's fallacy
Sunk-cost fallacy
Mental set
Convergent thinking
120
Billy & his friends love Harry Potter, so he assumes that everyone loves Harry Potter. This bias is known as the
collectivistic thinking
individualistic thinking
actor-observer bias
false consensus effect
121
If a test is reliable, it means that...
It tests what it is supposed to test.
It is given in the same way every time.
It yields consistent results.
It is also valid.
122
Focuses on the role of thinking, perceptions, & problem-solving on behavior & mental processes
Humanistic
Social-cultural
Cognitive
Biological
Behavioral
Psychoanalytic
123
Which of the following a characteristic of NREM3?
Sleep spindles
Delta waves
Theta waves
Hypnagogic sensations
124
The Yerkes-Dodson law predicts most people would perform an easy task best if they are
at a high level of arousal
in a state of homeostasis
at a low level of arousal
sexually aroused
125
Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic?
Believing younger people are more likely to start fights.
Judging a situation by a rule that is usually true.
Solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller parts.
Making a judgment according to past experiences.
126
Weber's Law determines...
Absolute threshold
Amplitude of sound waves
Level of subliminal messages
Just-noticeable difference
127
Remembering that you need to do something in the future is known as
Autobiographical memory
Retrospective memory
Prospective memory
Proactive interference
128
In experiments, the _______ is manipulated & the ________ is the result of the manipulation.
extraneous variable; dependent variable
independent variable; third variable
independent variable; dependent variable
dependent variable; independent variable
129
Focuses on the impact of factors such as religion, education, & family structure on behavior & mental processes
Social-cultural
Behavioral
Cognitive
Humanistic
Evolutionary
Biological
130
Spearman argued that intelligence could be boiled down to one ability known as
x
a
s
g
131
Focuses on the need for choice & reaching self-actualization on personality & mental processes
Social-cultural
Biological
Behavioral
Humanistic
Cognitive
Psychoanalytic
132
Which approach toward personality is the least deterministic?
Humanistic
Behaviorist
Biological
Psychoanalytic
133
Which best describes what a statistically significant result in an experiment indicates?
The study methodology was scientifically valid
The effect of the IV was large
The finding has important practical, real-world implications
The observed difference is not due to chance
134
Generating alternate hypotheses to explain a phenomenon demonstrates which Piagetian stage?
Formal operations
Operational
Syllogistic
Abstract reasoning
135
The tendency for animals to revert back to innate behaviors after learning unnatural behaviors
Instinctive drift
Latent learning
Habituation
Biological preparedness
136
Someone who has an external locus of control is likely to have...
A high sense of self-efficacy.
A belief in luck.
A strong libido.
A positive self-concept.
137
Mary spent 2 months in a deep depression, but now has tons of energy, a racing mind, & often nonsensical ideas.
Bipolar I
Bipolar II
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Borderline personality disorder
138
Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?
Visual cortex in the frontal lobe.
Visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
Visual cortex in the temporal lobe.
Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe.
