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Patho Pharm Exam 2 Flashcards | StudBud
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Patho Pharm Exam 2
Patho Pharm Exam 2
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1
Which word identifies a mutation of protooncogenes?
Oncogenes
Retrogenes
Tumor angiogenesis fact
Oncofetal antigens
2
Which neoplasm is rarely encapsulated?
malignant
benign
3
When a patient is undergoing brachytherapy, what is it important for the nurse to be aware of?
The patient is a source of radiation and personnel must wear film badges.
The goal of this treatment is only palliative
Computerized dosimetry is used to determine the maximum dose of radiation.
The patient will undergo simulation to identify/mark the field of treatment
4
The nurse is teaching a class on fluid balance. Which teaching would the nurse include?
The body is 40% fluid.
The largest percentage of fluid is extracellular.
Osmosis is constant movement of body fluid.
Electrolytes are only inside cells.
5
Which type of neoplasm rarely recurs?
malignant
benign
6
The nurse teaches a patient with CKD about the prevention of complications. What should the nurse teach?
Perform self-catheterization every four hours to measure urine.
Check weight daily and report a gain of greater than four pounds.
Take calcium-based phosphate binders on an empty stomach.
Monitor for proteinuria daily with a urine dipstick.
7
What percent of kidney cancer patients have metastasis when diagnosed?
35%
25%
10%
15%
8
What is the normal range of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood?
10–15 mmHg
35–45 mmHg
22–26 mmHg
9
Which of the following is considered to be a cause of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Severe dehydration
Recent infection
Exposure to heavy metals or toxic solvents
Certain medications
Blood loss, shock
All the answer choices are considered to be causes of acute kidney injury
10
What is the normal range for arterial blood pH?
7.38–7.46
7.35–7.45
7.40–7.52
11
During a follow up visit jane is diagnosed with herpes simplex. Which medication does the nurse think Jane will receive?
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Clotrimazole (Lotrimin)
Miconazole (Monistat)
Anthralin (Anthra-Derm)
12
Renal failure is suspected when urine production is below:
45 ml/hr
30 ml/hr
60 ml/hr
10 ml/hr
13
Local anesthetics are for pain relief and topical vasodilators are a medication for blood pressure.
True
False
14
For which type of neoplasm is the mode of growth infiltrative and expansive?
malignant
benign
15
What is the most common risk factor for bladder cancer?
Chemicals
Smoking
Age
family history
16
Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor of malignant melanoma?
red or blonde hair
All answers are risk factors.
fair skin
skin that freckles
chronic sun exposure
light colored eyes
17
Diuretics are commonly used to treat each of these conditions except:
Edema
Congestive heart failure
Hypertension
Diabetes
18
CONTINUED
“If you become pregnant, the dose of isotretinoin will be cut in half.”
“Isotretinoin is administered by subcutaneous injection into acne areas.”
“Call your prescriber immediately if you experience signs of depression.”
“Isotretinoin should not be used with any form of birth control.”
19
The primary protective role of the immune system related to malignant cells is:
surveillance for cells with tumor-associated antigens.
reacting to a new set of antigenic determinants on cancer cells.
producing blocking factors that immobilize cancer cells.
binding with free antigens released by all cancer cells.
20
Up to 5 million Americans are alive today who have a history of cancer.
True
False
21
read
30 mL/hr
150 mL/hr
45 mL/hr
35 mL/hr
22
Urine is composed of what percentage of water?
85% water
65% water
95% water
75% water
23
___ is a derivative of vitamin A that is used to treat acne and ameliorate the dermatologic changes
Benzoyl Peroxide
Isotretinoin
Tretinoin
Clindamycin
24
People may have a genetic disposition toward getting melanoma.
True
False
25
Some of the drugs used to treat acne are:
Vitamin A acid
Isotretinoin
Tetracycline
Clindamycin
Benzoyl peroxide
Erythromycin
26
___ causes death of the anaerobic P. acnes bacteria by slowly releasing oxygen
Isotretinoin
Tretinoin
Benzoyl peroxide
Clindamycin
27
Because urine has a neutral pH, the urinary tract is susceptible to pathogens.
True
False
28
What features of cancer cells are similar to normal cells?
Cells return to a previous undifferentiated state.
New proteins characteristic of embryonic stage emerge on cell membrane.
Cells lack contact inhibition.
Proliferation occurs when there is a need for more cells.
29
Which patient assessment finding would cause the nurse to suspect hyperkalemia?
Muscle weakness
Peaked T wave
Inverted T wave
Increased heart rate
30
In ultrafiltration, excess fluid moves into the urine.
False
True
31
read: choose the best answer
True
False
32
Ultrafiltration is water and fluid removal.
True
False
33
read
Do not use the arm where the IV site is located.
Use the call light to get assistance going to the bathroom.
Leave the blood pressure cuff on at all times.
Do not drink too much by mouth when you have IV fluids.
34
What should the nurse encourage to prevent the debilitating cycle of fatigue-depression-fatigue from radiation?
Schedule rest periods throughout the day whether fatigue is present or not.
Implement a walking program.
Ignore the fatigue as much as possible.
Do the most stressful activities when fatigue is tolerable.
35
Which of the following as functions of the skin?
Excretes fluid and electrolytes
Stores fat
Synthesizes vitamin D
Protective barrier for the internal organs
Regulates body temperature
Senses changes in temperature, pressure, and pain
36
Nitrosoureas and miscellaneous alkylators have the same chemical structure as nitrogen mustards and work by alkylation.
False
True
37
The cells of which type of tumor are fairly normal, like parent cells?
benign
malignant
normo-benign
normoregulated
38
Which assessment would indicate to the nurse that a patient has oliguria related to an intrarenal acute kidney injury?
Urine testing shows a specific gravity of 1.010.
Oliguria is relieved after fluid replacement.
Urinary sodium levels are low.
The serum creatinine level is normal.
39
Jane Case Study: What information will the nurse provide to Jane?
“Benzoyl peroxide causes the skin to blister or swell to clear the acne.”
“Overuse of this drug can result in painful, reddened skin.”
“If you want faster results, a pill form of benzoyl peroxide will be used.”
“Improvement is usually seen in 1 week.”
40
The most effective method of administering a chemotherapy agent that is a vesicant is to:
use an Ommaya reservoir.
give it intraarterially.
use a central venous access device.
give it orally.
41
What is the normal ABG for HCO3?
7.35–7.45 mEq/L
35–45 mEq/L
21–28 mEq/L
42
Gina is being discharged home with furosemide (Lasix). When providing discharge teaching, which instruction is needed?
Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun.
Stop taking the medication if you feel dizzy.
Avoid foods high in potassium content.
43
The nurse is assessing a patient with MRSA on the right arm. The nurse anticipates use of which medication?
Neomycin
Bacitracin
Mupirocin (Bactroban)
Polymyxin B
44
A patient on chemotherapy and radiation for head and neck cancer has:
Skin redness at site of radiation, headache, and constipation
Fatigue, nausea, and skin redness at site of radiation
Temperature of 101.9° F, fatigue, and shortness of breath
Cough, rhinitis, and sore throat
45
What is the most common UTI pathogen? Select the most appropriate answer.
Candida albicans
Staphylococus pyrens
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Fungus or parasite
46
Which condition does the nurse anticipate when assessing a patient with tumor lysis syndrome?
Hypophosphatemia
Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia
Hyperuricemia
47
Which statement made by the nurse indicates that additional teaching is needed regarding fluids and electrolytes?
“The electrical charge of electrolytes is what helps them move.”
“Electrolytes can regulate cardiac contractions.”
“Sodium is a positive ion.”
“Ions with negative charges are cations.”
48
Cancer is a disease of aging because the majority of cases diagnosed in those over age 55 years.
False
True
49
What classification of diuretic works in the entire renal tubule?
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIS)
Thiazide diuretics
Osmotic diuretics
Loop diuretics
50
Which type of neoplasm has slight vascularity?
malignant
benign
51
The patient is learning about external radiation that he is receiving. Which instructions should the nurse include?
Avoid extreme temperatures to the area
Keep the area covered if it is sore
Moisturize skin with lotion
Dry the skin thoroughly after cleansing it
52
Thiazide diuretics are more potent than loop diuretics.
True
False
53
To prevent fever and shivering during an infusion of rituximab (Rituxan), the nurse should premedicate the patient with:
sodium bicarbonate.
meperidine (Demerol).
aspirin.
acetaminophen.
54
What defect in cellular proliferation is involved in the development of cancer?
Indiscriminate and continuous proliferation of cells
A rate of cell proliferation that is more rapid than that of normal cells
Shortened phases of cell life cycles, occasional skipping of G1 or S phases
Rearrangement of stem cell RNA - causes abnormal cellular protein synthesis
55
A woman who is taking isotretinoin calls to say that she thinks she may be pregnant. What will the nurse say/do?
Reduce the dosage of the isotretinoin to every other day.
Switch to tretinoin (retinoic acid).
Consult an obstetrician.
Stop the isotretinoin immediately.
56
Cancer is the leading cause of death in people 40 to 79 years of age.
True
False
57
Acne is caused by what?
Staphylococcus species
Staphylococcus pyogenes
Propionibacterium acnes
Streptococcus pyogenes
58
Which patient is at highest risk for skin cancer?
A 72-year-old retired high school chemistry teacher.
A 32-year-old who uses a tanning booth twice a week.
A 44-year-old who regularly bathes with perfumed soap.
A 56-year-old Native American with colon polyps.
59
What is the purpose of the leucovorin?
Adds its antiinflammatory effects to the treatment regimen.
Reduces the incidence of cardiomyopathy caused by the methotrexate.
Produces an additive effect with the methotrexate by increasing its potency
Reduces the BMS caused by the methotrexate.
60
Overall, both the incidence and mortality rate of cancer have been declining.
False
True
61
A characteristic of the stage of progression in cancer development is:
a reversible steady growth facilitated by carcinogens.
proliferation of cancer cells despite host control mechanisms.
oncogenic viral transformation of target cells.
a period of latency before clinical detection of cancer.
