CSD 6150 Final Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
  • 14
    In a quasi-experimental design, random assignment of participants to groups is a key characteristic.
    • False
    • True
  • 15
    What is the primary purpose of a meta-analysis?
    • To analyze qualitative data through thematic coding
    • To generate new hypotheses for future research
    • To test interventions in a controlled environment
    • To statistically combine the results of multiple studies
  • 16
    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of evidence-based practice?
    • Consideration of client preferences
    • Use of the best available research evidence
    • Reliance solely on randomized controlled trials
    • Integration of clinical expertise
  • 17
    Which type of sampling ensures each participant has an equal chance of being selected?
    • Stratified sampling
    • Convenience sampling
    • Random sampling
    • Snowball sampling
  • 18
    What is the primary purpose of using a control group in an experimental study?
    • To isolate the effect of the independent variable
    • To reduce participant bias
    • To increase the sample size
    • To ensure random sampling
  • 19
    Method used to investigate the cause-and-effect relationship between variables through manipulation and control?
    • Correlational
    • Experimental
    • Phenomenological
    • Ethnographic
  • 20
    What is the dependent variable in an experimental study?
    • The variable being manipulated
    • The variable being measured
    • The variable that remains constant
    • The variable used to create groups
  • 21
    3 different groups only one group tested for different lengths of time using a product. What type of group research?
    • between subject
    • none of the above
    • mixed
    • within-subject
  • 22
    In a factorial ANOVA, what is the purpose of testing interactions?
    • To determine the effect of each IV
    • To evaluate the correlation between IVs
    • To test the reliability of the data
    • To examine how the IVs work together to affect the dependent variable
  • 23
    What focuses on in-depth exploration of a cultural group?
    • Phenomenology
    • Grounded theory
    • Case study
    • Ethnography
  • 24
    Which approach explores meaning derived from experiences?
    • Phenomenology
    • Case study
    • Ethnography
    • Grounded theory
  • 25
    What does a correlation coefficient of -0.85 indicate about the relationship between two variables?
    • A weak positive relationship
    • A strong positive relationship
    • A weak negative relationship
    • A strong negative relationship
  • 26
    Temperature, age, and weight are considered what type of measurement?
    • Nominal
    • Ratio
    • Ordinal
    • Interval
  • 27
    What is a short overview that briefly summarizes the major points of the article?
    • Results
    • Results
    • Abstract
    • Discussion
  • 28
    What poses a threat to internal validity in experimental research?
    • Confounding variables
    • Research bias
    • External validity
    • Random assignment
  • 29
    What type of statistics should be used when assumptions about the population can not be met?
    • Nonparametric statistics
    • Descriptive statistics
    • Summary statistics
    • Parametric statistics
  • 30
    What does a confidence interval represent?
    • The variability of the data in the sample
    • The range within which the true population parameter is expected to fall
    • The probability that the null hypothesis is true
    • The likelihood of a Type II error
  • 31
    The extent to which a researcher can prove that only the independent variable causedthe dependent variable is called __.
    • Content validity
    • Internal validity
    • Construct validity
    • External validity
  • 32
    Why is convenience sampling used in some research studies?
    • Practicality and accessibility
    • Random assignment benefits
    • Ensures unbiased representation
    • Maximizes diversity
  • 33
    Which of the following is an example of a null hypothesis?
    • Treatment A is more effective than Treatment B.
    • Treatment A has no side effects.
    • There is a relationship between two variables.
    • There is no difference in outcomes between two treatments.
  • 34
    What combines qualitative and quantitive investigative techniques?
    • Mixed-methods research
    • Varying evidence research
    • Retrospective research
    • Triangulation of data
  • 35
    A within-subjects design exposes each participant to all experimental conditions.
    • False
    • True
  • 36
    What are the two requirements for external validity?
    • Between subject design & within-subject design
    • Causal relationship & attrition
    • Field research & randomized selection
    • Replication of results & internal validity
  • 37
    What role does the research question play in the introduction section?
    • To guide and focus the study by articulating the problem
    • To present a summary of the study's findings
    • To provide a context for the study's methodology
    • To highlight the researchers' personal motivations
  • 38
    Which tests multiple independent variables simultaneously?
    • Randomized controlled trial
    • Multivariate analysis of variance
    • Factorial design
    • Quasi-experimental design
  • 39
    What is internal validity concerned with in research studies?
    • The relationship between the variables studied
    • The consistency of measurements
    • The accuracy of the conclusions
    • The ability to generalize findings
  • 40
    What is the main advantage of a randomized controlled trial (RCT)?
    • It is the easiest study to implement.
    • It requires fewer participants than other designs.
    • It provides the most reliable evidence for causation.
    • It uses qualitative data collection methods.
  • 41
    What kind of graph would you find a regression line on?
    • histogram
    • box plot
    • bar graph
    • scatter plot
  • 42
    External validity refers to the extent to which findings of a study can be generalized to other populations or settings.
    • True
    • False
  • 43
    What is the primary purpose of the introduction section in a research article?
    • To present the detailed methodology of the study
    • To provide an overview of the study's findings and conclusions
    • To review relevant literature and establish the research context
    • To showcase the researchers' personal experiences and biases
  • 44
    The ability of a test to accurately match a theory and measure all necessary traits is considered..
    • Construct Validity
    • Criterion Validity
    • External Validity
    • Construct Validity
  • 45
    What is the typical sequence of information presented in the introduction section of a research article?
    • Methodology, literature review, research question
    • Research findings, literature review, methodology
    • Literature review, research question, methodology
    • Methodology, research question, literature review
  • 46
    What does a p-value of 0.04 indicate in hypothesis testing?
    • The test results are not statistically significant.
    • The null hypothesis should be accepted.
    • There is a 4% chance the null hypothesis is true.
    • The null hypothesis should be rejected.
  • 47
    What compares different groups in a study?
    • Crossover design
    • Within-subjects design
    • Between-subjects design
    • Parallel design
  • 48
    What parametrical method is used to test for variances among multiple means/variables?
    • ANCOVA
    • ANOVA
    • Mann-Whitney U Test
    • MANOVA
  • 49
    In longitudinal studies, what is tracked over time?
    • Random assignment
    • Different participants
    • Same participants
    • Dependent variables
  • 50
    Which of the following would be an example of a Type I error in research?
    • Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false
    • Concluding that two variables are unrelated when they are related
    • Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
    • Using a sample size that is too small