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AP Research Methods Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Research Methods
AP Research Methods
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Review research methods for #psychology.
Flashcards
40 cards
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Questions
40
Answers
1
What are the disadvantages to a naturalistic study?
Expensive
Hawthorne Effect
Only describes behavior
Placebo Effect
2
When a curve has majority of low scores but 1 to 2 high scores, the curve would be considered..
Negatively skewed
Positively skewed
Unreliable
Normal
3
What are the 5 steps to the scientific method?
Predict, Perform a test, Analyze, Publish, Peer review
Predict, Perform a test, Gather results, Analyze, Publish
Predict, Perform a test, Analyze, Report, Publish
Observe, Predict, Study, Gather Results, Report
4
A Z score is useful for
There is no such thing as a Z score
Determining the probability of error
Measuring relative sample size
Determining the distance from the mean for a single score
5
The Zimbardo Experiment tested...
Test a person's limits to stress
The power of social roles
How people would act as an inmate in a prison setting
How authority figures can influence a person
6
The Milgram Experiment tested the concept of...
Learning
Obedience
Authority figures
Shock treatment
7
Researchers use a(n) __ to arrange data so that they know how often an observation occurs.
Inferential Statistic
Z Score
Frequency Distribution
Bell Curve
8
The __ is a change in a patient's physical state due to a patient's perceptions of treatment.
Variable Effect
Placebo Effect
Experimental Effect
Hawthorne Effect
9
Ensuring your variable(s) were measured in a consistent way every time refers to a study having
Validity
Falsifiability
Representative sampling
Reliability
10
The numerical value that determines the strength of a correlation is called a
Correlational value
Correlational coefficient
Correlational relationship
Correlational statistic
11
When two variables change in the same direction, they have a __ correlation.
Null
Positive
Negative
Standard
12
All variables need a(n) __ to be measured effectively.
Experimental Group
Operational Definition
Random Sample
Control Group
13
In an experiment, the __ has the participants who were not exposed to the independent variable.
Double-Blind Experiment
Control Group
Experimental Group
Single-Blind Experiment
14
One of the principal differences between the ethical guidelines for human & animal research is:
Animals subjects can be placed at great risk
Animals can suffer for a clear purpose where humans cannot
Human research is more closely watched than animal research
Humans can be deceived and animals cannot
15
A bell shaped curve is a(n) __ curve.
Normal
Placebo
Negatively Skewed
Positively Skewed
16
The Hawthorne Effect is....
The tendency to ignore data that conflicts with our beliefs
The tendency to be overconfident in our own intuitions
The assumption that everyone is just like us
Tendency for people to act differently when they are watched
17
Ethical consideration include all of the following except:
Right to privacy
Allowing coercion as long as debriefing takes place
No harm or discomfort may be caused (physical/psychological)
Participants must sign an informed consent form
18
Random assignment is...
Randomly selecting a population to study
Assigning people to stratas to use stratified sampling
Selecting people to represent a population
Assigning people to either the control or experimental group
19
__ is a form of study that observes a subject(s) in their natural environment.
Naturalistic Observation
Field Experiment
Case Study
Longitudinal Study
20
Researchers select a __ which is meant to represent the rest of the population.
Placebo
Sample
Experimental Group
Control Group
21
In a stratified sample, participants are...
Grouped & selected according to representative demographics
Selected at random
Always assigned to the experimental group
Always assigned to the control group
22
Less sleep has been linked with getting low grades. What relationship do these variables have?
Standard correlation
Null correlation
Negative correlation
Positive correlation
23
A(n) __ study may be used in place of an experimental/ correlational study for ethical reasons.
Ex Post Facto
Quasi-experimental
Case Study
Naturalistic
24
What is the Z score for the following data?
Raw score: 200
Mean:
145 SD: 5
9
6
11
3
25
The Milgram study is a
Single-blind study
Naturalistic observation
Case study
Double-blind study
26
Measures of __ show how spread out the scores of a distribution are.
Standard Deviation
Frequency Distribution
Variance
Statistics
27
This measure of central tendency tells us what data value appears most often.
Mode
Mean
Median
Standard Deviation
28
Neither the subjects nor the experimenter know who is in the experimental and control group.
Experimental Study
Double-blind Experiment
Single-blind Experiment
Descriptive Study
29
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
The need for a representative sample
Concerns over validity
Sampling error
Many confounding variables
30
What is a hypothesis?
An identification of variables
An educated guess about the answer to a question
A prediction about the relationship between two variables
An observation about the world
31
In a __, a researcher studies a group of people over a period of years.
Naturalistic Study
Case Study
Longitudinal Study
Cross-sectional Study
32
The Stanford Prison Experiment violated which ethical standards?
No harm or discomfort may be caused (physical/psychological)
Researchers may not use any form of threats or intimidation.
Right to anonymity
Informed consent
33
At the end of a study, we use __ to determine if our hypothesis was supported or rejected.
Standard Deviation
Means-End Analysis
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
34
Psychologists generally prefer the experimental method of research because...
It is easier to obtain a random sample
They are more likely to support a hypothesis
It's more likely to garner statistically significant results
They show cause and effect relationships
35
Freud conducted in-depth studies of individual patients. What research method was he using?
Longitudinal study
Case study
Experimental method
Naturalistic observation
36
A branch of mathematics that helps researchers organize and evaluate data.
Frequency Distribution
Central Tendency
Placebo Effect
Statistics
37
A correlation gets __ as it gets closer to 0...
zero impact
Weaker
Stronger
skewed
38
In a __, only the researchers know who is in the experimental and the control group.
Experimental Study
Case Study
Single-Blind Experiment
Double-Blind Experiment
39
A good theory is all of the following except...
Fit know facts
Produces results that cannot be disproven
Has a testable prediction
Parsimonious
40
Which of the following is an example of random assignment?
Approaching 50 students during 5th period lunch
Picking names from a hat to assign an experimental condition
Making a strata from demographic data and building a sample
Having a computer generate a list of 100 student names
