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#history #APWH
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130 cards
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1
Michael Gorbachev allowed all of the following EXCEPT
Discussion of government policies
Democratic government
Private land ownership
The protection of consumer goods
2
The Abbasid dynasty
Proved the high point of Muslim cultural achievement
Creates a social rift between Arabs and new converts
Healed the rift between Sunnis and Shi'ites
3
Enlightenment thought
Wasn't embraced by the woman's movement
Resembled renaissance thought
Treated children as miniature adults
Resulted in harsher punishments for criminals
4
Inthe early years of industrial development
Married woman had more opportunities for clerical jobs
Spouses were given more opportunities to work together
British woman lost jobs in domestic manufacturing
Women in Japan emerged from traditional roles
5
Greek society
Was extended through overseas colonization
Was unified by the geography of the Greek peninsula
Extended the democratic ideal by relying on free labor alone
Was disrupted by the conquest of Alexander
6
European exploration through the mid-15th century
Placed merchants in conflict with monarchs
Suffered from a lack of technological expertise
Depended upon the knowledge of the eastern world
Produced intense rivalries with East Asian civilizations
7
Among the common migration patterns in the 19th century was
migration from Latin America to Mediterranean Europe
middle-class migration from countryside to city
Migration for religious reasons
The discontinuation of shelter colonies
8
Industrialization in Egypt
Decreased Egypt's dependency on the west
Gave new freedoms to lower classes
Was accomplished without government support
Resulted from disharmony in the Muslim world
9
The Eastern portion of the Roman empire
Was a center of trade, art, and architecture
Competed with the Parthians and Sassanids for trade
Successfully restored the boundaries of the Western empire
Didn't experience pressure from invaders
10
The Renaissance
What is a movement of uniquely Western origins
Began in the Eastern Roman empire
Was a result of the crusades
Represented a complete break from medieval traditions
11
European explorations
Concentrated on the Americas
Promoted harmony among the nations of Europe
Were dependent on European technological innovation
Sought to break established trade monopolies
12
The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
Both held that reason could be used to improve humanity
Were global movements
Broke completely with classical traditions
13
Population patterns in the 19 century
Showed growth restricted to the Western world
showed limited growth among working classes
Showed decline in east Asia and growth in Western Europe
Were affected by the Columbian exchange of the last period
14
When the Portuguese first became involved in the slave trade
They were on interested in Christianizing African peoples
They created the African slave trade
They were interested primarily in gold and spices
They were amazed at the poverty of African kingdoms
15
Which of the following was NOT true concerning the Green Revolution?
It disseminated pollutants
It was highly ineffective in increasing agricultural yeilds
It was an expensive solution to crop improvements
It reinforced class distinctions
16
The end of the 20th century saw
Ethnic conflict in Russia and in Africa
The resolution of the problems of Palestinian refugees
Increased economic prosperity for Japan
A general decline in democracy throughout Latin America
17
The decline of Han China
Resulted in the decline of Buddhism in China
Sae the end of Chinese established traditions
Like Rome, saw invaders permanently dominate the empire
Saw Daoism, rather than Confucianism, gaining popularity
18
Both Hinduism and Buddhism
None of the above
Became increasingly popular in India
Revered women
Supported the caste system
19
The nation that rose in power during World War I but declined in power during World War II was
Japan
Russia
Ottoman Empire
Great Britain
20
The Indus Valley civilization
Declined after the arrival of Aryan invaders
Relied heavily on communal planning
Is the best studied through it's written records
Was isolated from other River Valley civilizations
21
Compared to the Spanish Empire, that of the Portuguese
Was less influenced by the Roman Catholic Church
Developed a better relationship with Indian inhabitants
Developed a more egalitarian society
Was more global in its extent
22
The nation that saw a consistent rise in global influence during both world wars was
United States
France
Germany
China
23
The Brazilian independence movement
Produced a republic for Brazil
Was the result of the Napoleonic Wars
Resulted in the abolition of slavery
Involved a prolonged struggle with Portugal
24
Latin American trade
Decreased after the 1820s
Relied on the increased slave trade of the late 19th century
Caused great Britain to support the Monroe doctrine
Relied on exports of manufactured goods
25
The early civilization with the least-developed technology was
Harrapan
Egyptian
Mesoamerican
Sumerian
26
The Persians
Continued the traditions of ancient Mesopotamia
Introduced a religion similar to the structure of Hinduism
Failed to establish a unified empire
Were noted for their harsh treatment toward conquered people
27
Nationalism
Served as both a unifying and a divisive force
Brought tolerance for diversity within the Russian Empire
Eased tensions within Austrian Empire
Delayed the unification of both Italy and Germany
28
The influence of nomadic peoples in Eurasia
Delayed the interaction of global commercial networks
Brought efficient administration to Eurasia
Created a relationship between nomads and settled peoples
Ended with the Mongols
29
Early urban dwellers
Left the religious practices to agricultural peoples
Were offered few chances to carry out specialized tasks
Were dominated by people in agricultural settlements
Saw the need for a government
30
The position of the Chinese scholar-gentry
Declined during the Song Dynasty
Was admired by the Vietnamese
Was mimicked by the Japanese
Weekend efforts to curb nomadic invasions
31
The French Revolution of 1789 and the Chinese revolt of 1911 were alike in that
They weren't Nationalist independence movements
They ended immediately in a dictatorship
They failed to achieve their goals
They were initiated by the lower classes
32
Spain didn't participate in World War II because
Its republican governmen feared a Fascist coup
It feared Communist domination
It was still recovering financially from World War I
It had just endured a civil war
33
The nation-state
Arose in Europe because of its diversity of cultural groups
Promoted harmony among Europeans
Was embraced by the Ottoman empire
Was incompatible with absolute monarchies
34
By the 21st century, almost all women across the globe
Were freed from traditional home making roles
Were allowed to serve in combat in the Armed Forces
Were granted educational opportunities equal to men
Had been granted the right to vote
35
The agricultural revolution
occurred about the same time throughout the world
began with an extensive pattern of cultural diffusion
was an abrupt process beginning in 8000 BCE
Saw the use of agricultural methods that inspired migration
36
Egyptian trade
Was dependent on the exportation of a single crop
Weakend after the opening of the Suez Canal
Didn't suffer from competition with Europe
Improved as a result of Muhammad Ali's policies
37
Which of the American peoples was closest to the Persians in their administrative style?
The Incas
The Mississippians
The Mayas
The Aztecs
38
Common to most early industrial nations was the development of
Unions
Zaibatsu
Steel manufacturing
Railroads
39
The Ottoman Empire
Resisted economic reforms
Supported policies that benefited local artisans
Refused to accept foreign loans
Saw trade between non-Muslims and European merchants
40
As a result of the Opium War
The importation of opium to China increased
Great Britain acquired Hong Kong
The Qing dynasty over took to Ming
The Chinese silver supply was restored
41
From the time of the Roman Republic to the Pax Romana
The territory of Rome continued to expand
Rome became increasingly democratic
Roman civilization became increasingly weaker
Roman citizenship became increasingly rare
42
The Mughal empire
Failed to ease tensions between Hindus and Muslims in India
Controlled the entire Indian subcontinent
Produced art and architecture that reflected syncretism
43
World trade during 1750 to 1914
Brought greater prosperity to Chinatown than to the west
Strengthened Latin America's trade position
Decreased the economic power of the west
Benefited western colonial powers
44
The natives of North America
Established tribute empires
Used architectural designs similar to those of Mesoamerica
Build empires on the scale of those of Mesoamerica
45
The 15th century was characterized by
The beginning of nation-states in Italy and Germany
The strengthening of nation-states in England and France
The decentralization of political power in Spain
46
The Communist ruler whose economic policies were most like those of Lenin was
Joseph Stalin
Mao Zedong
Jiang Jieshi
Deng Xiaoping
47
The Aztec and Inca civilizations differed most significantly in their
System of recordkeeping
Religious institutions
Social structure
Technological skill
48
As a result of hemispheric trade between 1450 and 1750
The work of African artisans found new markets
The entire globe was linked by numerous active trade routes
European wealth and commercial dominance increased
49
The declining years of the Qing dynasty saw
The end of the opium trade
The long-term acceptance of the self-strengthening movement
Invasion by nomadic people north of the Great Wall
The influence of foreign nations
50
Compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade, that of eastern Africa
Didn't involve central Africa
acquired slaves from coastal areas only
Involved only European nations
Also involved the plantation system
51
Earliest civilizations in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres were similar in
Their location at similar latitudes
Their technological knowledge
Their reliance on the flooding of major rivers
Their practice of polytheism
52
The Ottoman empire
Unlike the Mughal empire, was not a gun powder empire
Weakend because its technology fell behind that of Europe
Reached its height around 1750
Was unsuccessful in controlling European territory
53
The Columbian exchange
Created both positive and adverse effects on population
Improved the nutrition of American indigenous peoples
Drew the world's oceans into an active trade network
Didn't involve Africa
54
The decline of Gupta India
Didn't result in the fragmentation of the country
Occurred without pressure from invading peoples
Resulted in the decline of traditional Indian culture
Saw the increased power of local princes
55
The American and the French revolutions were alike in all of the following ways EXCEPT
They both brought increased political power for women
They were prompted by issues of taxation
They produced documents that defined similar natural rights
56
Japan's greatest challenge to industrialize was
It's geography
Continued presense of the shogunate
Lack of government cooperation
Competition between the government and the zaibatsu
57
New scientific and artistic expressions in the west in the 19th century
Created new frontiers in physics
Relied on reason in literacy expression
Supported traditional beliefs
58
Mercantilism
Encouraged the importation of foreign goods
Brought long-term prosperity to Europe
Supported free trade
Sparked further rivalries among European nations
59
The Neolithic age
Saw the beginnings of urbanization
Saw a decline in global populations
Saw agriculture carried out without the use of metal tools
Produced societlies without class distinctions
60
Aztec and Inca religions
Placed women in a subordinate position
Stressed a personal relationship with their gods
Restricted the worship of subject peoples
Reflected the agrarian nature of their respective societies
61
As a new faith, Islam gained strength
Within portions of the former Roman Empire
First in Mecca, then throughout the Arabian peninsula
Because of rules of succession
62
Medieval Europe
Extended to local schools found on the manor
Developed banking institutions from multicultural contacts
Produced urban areas that rivaled those of European empires
Saw the rise of universities
63
One of the weaknesses of the early Muslim empires was
Insistance on conversion of non-Arabs within the empire
Indifference to the Sunni and Shi'ite split
Disregard for the cultural traditions of conquered peoples
Failure to resolve questions of succession
64
The declining years of Han China and the Roman empire shared all of the following EXCEPT
Unequal land distribution
Epidemic disease
Attack by powerful neighboring states
Poor harvests
65
The world's most populous democracy is
The US
Great Britain
India
Canada
66
Hinduism
Addressed the consequences of one's behavior
Was based on traditions of the Harappan civilization
Offered no hope from members of lower castes
Gained little acceptance outside India
67
The Netherlands established commercial/colonial interests in all of the following areas EXCEPT
Japan
Southern Africa
Western Africa
North America
68
Trade among the peoples of the Americas
Was most similar in the Aztec and Toltec societies
Remained local
Was facilitated in the Andes by geography
United the Chimor and Inca people
69
Indian Ocean trade
Linked all areas of the Indian Ocean basin except Africa
Declined with the fall of classical empires
Saw mariners use the geographic forces of the Indian Ocean
Failed to establish connections with land routes
70
Sugar plantations
Were initially founded in the Caribbean
Especially valued slaves from Western Africa
Were the ultimate destination of the first Portuguese slaves
71
20th century intentions and accomplishments
Did nothing to improve household chores
Were sometimes detrimental to the quality of life
Popularized radio, especially in Europe
72
Shang China
Contributed to the development of China's central government
Was less urbanized than the Nile Valley civilization
Was prevented by natural barriers from trading
Left no decipherable written records
73
Which of the following leaders would have agreed most with the policies of Benito Mussolini?
V. I. Lenin
Fidel Castro
Juan Peron
Nikita Khrushchev
74
The end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
Began with Brazil
Was resisted by Great Britain
Received widespread support of African kings
Occurred about the time of the emancipation of Russian surfs
75
The key patterns of migration in the 20th and 21st centuries has been
From rural to urban areas
From war-torn areas to those at peace
From developing to developed nations
From urban to rural areas
76
The trans-Atlantic slave trade
Carried more women than men
carried the majority of slaves to North America
Increased after the establishment of sugar plantations
77
All of the following Chinese traditions and achievements began under the Han dynasty EXCEPT
Paper manufacture
Confucian philosophy
The civil service exam
Expansion into central Asia
78
The Black Death
Originated in Europe
Spread solely along routes of Mongol conquest
Changed the course of political institutions
Was most devastating in north Africa
79
Daoism and Confucianism
Disagreed on the need for personal reflection
Based their teachings on Chinese traditions
Agreed on the importance of education
Taught that political involvement was essential to a society
80
Silk road trade
Florished despite constant interferences from nomadic tribes
Was confined to land routes across Asia
Established links between the empires of Han China and Rome
Bypassed Mesopotamia
81
In contrast to the period following World War II
Saw inmediate independence for Europe's African colonies
Disregarded the Soviet war effort
Didn't produce a single defining peace treaty
82
Muhammad
Established clear class distinctions for Islamic society
Made provisions for the future leadership of Islam
Built on the religious traditions of the Arabian Peninsula
83
Both the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment
Questioned political authority
Relied on reason over faith
Upheld church traditions
Lowered the status of women
84
The Egyptian civilization was similar to the Sumerian civilization in
Its political structure
Its system of social stratification
Its extent to which its culture was diffused
Its reliance on natural defense barriers
85
Buddhism
Opposed Confucian ideals of patriarchal families
Changed to teach that common people could reach nirvana
Was the adopted faith of Gupta rulers
86
The area in which Islam showed the most change during the 7th to the 15th centuries was in
It's treatment toward People of the Book
The role of women
The development of the shariah
The status of slaves
87
Results of cultural diffusion among early civilizations included
The cultivation of potatoes
The invention of the wheel
The legend of Quetzalcoatl
Harappan sewage systems
88
The European union
Doesn't adjust tariffs outside the European community
Established a currency used by all its members
Originated with Great Britain
Has the same basic purpose as NAFTA
89
Interactions between Muslims and Europeans during the 1600's are most commonly found in the
Indian Ocean
Pacific ocean
Arctic Ocean
Atlantic ocean
90
Economic imperialism
Was the most common imperialist model in Africa
Led to colonial dependence upon industrialized nations
Led to industrialization of Latin America
Didn't lead to direct political control over new territories
91
All of the following describe the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT that
It emphasized the value of research
It described the nature of the universe
It was modeled on Chinese philosophy
92
The English and French engaged in rivalries over territory in
Indonesia
North Africa
East Africa
China
93
Christianity
Was not a missionary religion
Taught the forgiveness of sins through faith in Jesus
Failed to utilize the public works of the Roman empire
Remained a religion of the Roman empire
94
Which of the following was NOT used first during World War I?
Dirigibles
Radar
Tanks
Airplanes
95
Lenin's New Economic Policy
Allowed some elements of capitalism
Resulted in decreased agricultural production
Established collective farming
Forbade the ownership of private property
96
The period of greatest population decline in Europe during the Middle Ages was
The 14th century
The 15th century
The 10th to 13th centuries
The 5th and 6th centuries
97
The Five Pillars
Are inattentive to distinctions in social class
Provide unity within Islam
Are included in the Quran
98
Colonialism in India
Decreased nationalist feelings among Indians
Brought an end to tensions between Muslim and Hindus
Was facilitated by the breakup of the Mughal Empire
99
The African slave trade
Was limited to the Atlantic ocean
Had no ties to Middle Eastern trade
Was abolished by the Dutch in southern Africa
Was frequently the result of African rivalries
100
The Protestant Reformation
Diminished the achievements of the Commercial Revolution
Became the basis of Enlightenment thought
Spread due to advances in Chinese and European technology
Strengthened the authority of the papacy
101
African kingdoms in the period from 1450 to 1750
Participated in slave trade before the arrival of Europeans
Featured monarchs ruled without advisers
Frequently enslaved their own people
Like the Chinese, weren't interested in European trade goods
102
During the period of the late Roman empire, Christianity
Became less organized as the empire fell
Declined in numbers because of persecutions
Experienced a change in its official status
Appealed primarily to elite classes
103
Within Africa, the slave trade
Promoted unity amoung African kingdoms
Decreased the value of women slaves
Had little effect on central African kingdoms
Increased African dependence on European nations
104
The Protestant and Catholic reformations were like in there
Reliance on church councils
Views towards papal authority
Emphasis on education
Abandonment of church traditions
105
Japanese feudalism
Brought a temporary end to internal conflicts
Revolve around the power of the samurai as warlords
United peasants and elite classes
Saw the beginnings of a centralized Japan
106
Both the Mexican revolts of 1821 and 1910
Ended in the immediate establishment of a republic
We're initially Creol-backed movements
Involved resistance to foreign influence
107
World War I was considered a global conflict because
It was fought in both European and Pacific theaters
It involved battles on every continent
Warring powers held colonies that participated in the war
108
An example of diffusion rather than independent invention is the
Sumerian use of the wheel
Mayan concept of zero as a place holder
Cultivation of the banana in southeast Asia
Origin of the Greek alphabet
109
The impact of regional trade on global trade in the 20th century was especially noticeable
After the establishment of NAFTA
During the revolution in Chiapas, Mexico
Before and during the Great Depression
On plantations during the imperialist age
110
Both the Aztecs and Incas
Were originally nomadic people
Integrated conquered peoples into their empire
Built on the traditions of their predecessors
Allowed women a significant role in public life
111
The rule of classical India included
The Aryan writing language
Vedic traditional literature
Aryan agricultural knowledge
The egalitarian Aryan society
112
An example of Cold War brinkmanship is found in
The Iran-Iraq War
The Cuban Missle Crisis
The Cultural Revolution
The Arabian-Israeli War
113
East Asian nations are noted for the export of all of the following products EXCEPT
Films
Textiles
Heavy industry
Automobiles
114
Attempts to save the Roman empire from ruin included
The emancipation of Roman slaves
The establishment of a new capital in the eastern empire
The division of the latifundia
115
Under Mongol rule in China
Chinese regional rulers were allowed to govern
Chinese educational traditions were maintained
Japan and Vietnam were brought under Mongol control
Chinese women were placed in a more subordinate position
116
The position of Chinese women
Resulted in greater freedoms under Neo-Confucianism
Was defined by Confucianism
Was more restrictive under the Tang than under the Song
Changed markedly between the 7th and 13th centuries
117
During the agricultural revolution, women
Participated in hunting activities with men
Observed and studied the agricultural environment
Weren't represented in neolithic art
Experienced a decrease in status
118
Compaired to the Viets, the Chinese were more
Interested in trade
Urbanized
Ethnically diverse
Agrarian
119
Early medieval Europe's strongest state was
France
The Holy Roman Empire
England
The Papal States
120
During the middle ages, the concept of limited government with the most clearly in
England
Italy
France
Germany
121
South Africa
Saw the beginnings of racial divisions during colonial rule
Became an egalitarian society under Dutch rule
Saw British enslavement of native peoples
122
Early societies of South America
Traded widely with regions to their north
Was challenged by geographic limitations
Developed societies that had no knowledge of metals
Built upon Mesoamerican cultural traditions
123
The Allied policy toward Hitler in the 1930's can best be described as one of
Indifference
Appeasement
Confrontation
Containment
124
During the classical period, Africa
Saw new technology used in trans-Saharan travel
Repelled Christian missionary efforts
Was cut off from global trade patterns
Lost contact with classical civilizations
125
During the Gupta dynasty
Arabic numerals originated in India
Hinduism and Buddhism became the official religions of India
The government of India became more centralized
Slavery increased
126
All of the following are true of communism after World War II EXCEPT that
It created a pause in the civil war in China
It produced a division of Korea
European countries were subjected to Soviet occupation
It spread to largely agricultural regions
127
Confucianism and early Buddhism
Became the dominant philosophy of their respective regions
Included a belief in nirvana
Emphasized the importance of effective government
Did not believe that their founders were gods
128
Russia's role in the 20th- century global conflicts included all of the following EXCEPT
Creating opportunities for postwar influence on Europe
Participation in the formation of the League of Nations
An ethnic-based alliance with Serbia
129
Industrial revolution in Great Britain
Was facilitated because of the enclosure movement
Followed a similar revolution in the US
Received little government support
Initiated an interest in global trade
130
Under both the Han and Roman empires
All of the above
New territories were added to the empire
Imperial roads were connected to the Silk Roads
A time of peace settled over both empires
