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Personality Final 1
Personality Final 1
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1
Before surgery, Elliott was a good father and held a responsible job. After removal of portions of his frontal lobe
He will experience auditory hallucinations
His emotional reactions and decision-making abilities will be impaired.
He will be even more driven and focused on his work.
He will experience visual hallucinations
2
According to psychologist Ravenna Helson, someone who stays “on time” in relation to their social clock
feels no different than someone who is “behind.”
receives social shaming.
feels as if they have not “lived.”
receives social approval
3
The observation “If it looks like a duck, walks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it is probably a duck” is
constructivist accuracy
convergent validation.
procedural judgment.
moderator variables.
4
What technique can be used to temporarily “knock out” regions of the brain without having to create lasting lesions?
electroencephalography
transcranial magnetic stimulation
magnetoencephalography
encephalographic stimulation
5
Which of the following is NOT a reason that older people believe their personalities are more consistent vs youth
Their social roles are more stable.
They are more mature.
They have more wealth accumulated.
They have more responsibilities
6
What is one of personality psychology’s biggest advantages over other areas of psychology?
It appreciates the uniqueness of the individual.
It focuses on the two most important aspects of the psychological triad.
It created the One Big Theory to explain whole persons.
It uses more rigorous methods.
7
Different informants may not agree about the personality of a common target individual because
some informants may have biases that affect the accuracy of their judgments
each judge may see the target person in only a limited number of contexts
judges may form a mistaken impression based on one recollection
All of the above
8
Individuals who grew up during Great Depression had different attitudes regarding work and finances than current day ppl
the maturity principle.
cohort effects
cumulative continuity principle.
rank-order stability of personality.
9
What brain region connects the two halves of the brain?
hippocampus
frontal lobes
corpus callosum
brain stem
10
Funder and Ozer (1983) examined the results of three classic social psychological studies. Effect Size was
.30 to .40
.70 to .97
.61 to .75
.10 to .20
11
The choleric, or chronically hostile person seems to be at extra risk for
Alzheimers Disease
heart attack
cancer
diabetes
12
A researcher who tries to discover the most important or basic personality traits that exist is taking an
single-trait
typological
many-trait
essential-trait
13
Though researchers disagree, most personality psychologists think there are how many personality factors?
6
3
4
5
14
Joe just got back from a month-long trip to Africa. What are the likely long-term effects of his trip?
a decreased sense of self
an increase in his self-confidence and social skills
an increased appreciation for his hometown and family
a decrease in verbal fluency
15
Which of the following is NOT considered one of the likely reasons that high-expectancy students perform better?
Teachers provide extra opportunities to these students.
Teachers provide more detailed and constructive feedback to these students.
Teachers show an increased willingness to ignore disciplinary problems
Teachers are warmer to these students.
16
Chemicals released from the hypothalamus, gonads, adrenal cortex are ________, chemical released throughout brain_____
neurotransmitters; synapses
hormones; neurotransmitters
synapses; hormones
inhibitory communicators; dendrites
17
Attractive females are expected to be warm and friendly, and they are treated in a manner where they are warm
self-fulfilling prophecy
judgeability phenomena.
accuracy moderator.
sex discrimination.
18
Records of employee absenteeism are what type of data?
L
I
B
S
19
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five?
Conscientiousness
Neuroticism
Psychoticism
Agreeableness
20
All the following exercises are used to help develop self-control EXCEPT
relaxing
reconsidering temptations
self affirmation
meditating
21
When compared to high self-monitors, people who score low in self-monitoring tend to
be willing to lie to get a date.
use strategies to influence coworkers.
perform better in job interviews.
be regarded as more honest.
22
The situationist argument holds that
All of these are correct
situations more important than personality traits for determining behavior
There is a limit to how we can predict behavior from personality
our everyday intuitions about people are fundamentally flawed.
23
Which part of the psychological triad corresponds to cognitions about the self?
Disorders
Thoughts
Traits
Behaviors
24
How many students are enrolled in this class?
32
34
29
36
25
Where is Dr Witter from?
Colorado
California
New Jersey
Connecticut
26
What does Funder mean when he says that personality is coherent?
Clinical psychology is the most dominant subfield.
The personality of one person depends on the personality of those around
Strengths are often weaknesses and vice versa.
Each aspect of one’s personality depends on the other parts.
27
Carlos interested in understanding everything there is to know about a person, and he is developing personality measure
many-trait
essential-trait
single-trait
typological
28
According to Jeffrey Gray’s theory, dopamine is associated with the ________ system, reinforces motivation to seek _____
behavioral activation; interpersonal contact
ascending reticular activating; interpersonal contact
behavioral activation; rewards
ascending reticular activating; rewards
29
Which of the following is an expression of Funder’s First Law?
People vary in terms of their trait levels.
Individual differences are not the “error” term in statistics
There are no perfect indicators of personality.
Characteristics that are strengths in a sense are weaknesses in other ways
30
Generally refers to the traits that help a person to fulfill adult roles such as being a spouse or parent
Maturity
Responsibility
Consistency
Generativity
31
Interventions aimed at changing delinquent behavior, targeting _______ children is most effective
low SES
High SES
younger
older
32
In 1966, Charles Whitman killed his wife, his mother, and 14 more people at the University of Texas, damaging
cerebellum
frontal lobe
ventromedial cortex
amygdala
33
Which of the following MOST closely represents a focal topic of the trait approach to personality?
applying principles of behaviorism and social observation
measuring and conceptualizing individual differences
understanding the mind in terms of biological mechanisms
understanding mental conflicts
34
What kind of car is he driving?
BMW
Mercedes
Bugatti
Ferrari
35
Researchers found that personality traits same ppl measured 10 years apart correlated between .60 and .90
personality accuracy.
personality stability.
mean level change.
adaptability.
36
The case of railroad worker Phineas Gage illustrates that
brain injuries affect physical but not psychological functioning.
the right hemisphere is the province of image-oriented, intuitive thinking.
injuries to the brain can affect personality and behavior.
the amygdala has important effects on fear and anger.
37
Which of the following is NOT a known physical factor that influences personality development?
height
ethnicity
gender
attractiveness
38
Funder notes that the person who is most talkative at a party is also likely to be the most talkative at the DMV
relative consistency
absolute change
absolute consistency
relative change
39
Which trait is associated with positive first impressions but more negative impressions in longer-term relationships
authoritarianism
narcissism
conscientiousness
self-monitoring
40
What is the survey where you arrange traits on different levels?
NEO Personality Inventory
self-monitoring scale
California Q-Set
California F scale
41
The last skeleton you see hair color before next story?
Blue
Purple
Pink
Green
42
Individuals in which age group are likely to have the greatest amount of stability in their personality traits?
adults between the ages of 50 and 70
adolescents
school-age children
young adults between the ages of 20 and 30
43
I'd rather be dry but at least I'm
Rain on me
Hive
Dive
Alive
44
One critique of personality psychology is that it “pigeonholes” people. What does pigeonholing someone mean?
prescribing medication
statistically analyzing results
psychoanalyzing people
categorizing and labeling people
45
Someone who is ________ is likely to express their personality consistently from one situation to the next.
High in self-efficacy
low in self-monitoring
high in self-monitoring
low in self-efficacy
46
People who enjoy reflective, complex music tend to be higher in what trait?
talkativeness
imagination
Intelligence
cheerfulness
47
In order to improve personality research, researchers can
check for factors that predict consistency.
predict behavioral trends rather than single acts.
All of the above
measure behavior in real life.
48
How many members on the couch?
2
4
6
5
49
What you are influenced by, how you see yourself, and how you are seen by others. This means that your self-perceptions
Phenomenological Force
Causal Force
Causal Truth
Definitional Truth
50
Chan tends to be disorganized, irresponsible, and unable to handle criticism well. What is his personality?
low extraversion and high openness to experience
low agreeableness and high neuroticism
low openness to experience and high conscientiousness
low conscientiousness and high neuroticism
51
What animal was this?
Dog
Rabbit
Possum
Racoon
52
What color is the main singer's necklace?
Green
Red
Blue
Pink
53
What brain region- individual’s ability to plan ahead, anticipate consequences, and consistently do morally right thing
amygdala
hippocampus
basal ganglia
frontal lobes
54
Teresa is known to be very social and dominant at parties. She most likely has high levels of which hormone?
oxytocin
serotonin
dopamine
testosterone
55
Dr. Garcia wants to measure the earliest autobiographical memories of the participants in her project
L
I
S
B
56
Currently, the consensus among most personality researchers is that there are ________ fundamental personality traits.
7
16
5
3
57
What is the correct order of narrative identity development over the life course, according to Dan McAdams?
author, agent, actor
agent, actor, author
agent, author, actor
actor, agent, author
58
What intervention has been developed to (temporarily) change levels of narcissism?
Individuals were given psilocybin mushrooms.
Individuals were told to practice empathy and taking perspective.
Work for a charity for at least 10 hours per week
Individuals were told to practice mindfulness meditation.
59
Imagine that judgments of extraversion made on the first day of college equal how many parties students attend
critical realism.
interjudge agreement.
predictive validity.
internal consistency.
60
What name is on his blue sweatshirt?
Justin
Ariana
Brew
Drew
61
What is the oldest brain-imaging technique?
positron emission tomography (PET)
magnetoencephalography (MEG)
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
electroencephalography (EEG)
62
Which of the following would be an example of natural B data?
number of times a subject interrupts others in a laboratory situation
observations of the number of times a subject told a joke in a day
number of seconds a subject waits before seeking help in an experiment
subject’s verbal responses to a Rorschach test
63
Judgments of your personality by others
reflect who you are.
reflect who you are and can influence what you are like.
are too inaccurate to be used in research contexts.
impact what you are like.
64
The processes by which people respond to, seek out, and create environments that are compatible with their personalities
birth-order effects.
personality-life-history transactions.
person-environment transactions.
cumulative personalities continuity.
65
The trait approach, the behaviorist approach, and the psychoanalytic approach
address different sets of questions about human psychology.
are irreconcilable and contradictory views of human psychology.
are all part of the One Big Theory (OBT).
all address the biological basis of human psychology.
66
What is the newscaster name?
Melanie
Mandy
Whitney
Jan
67
Which of the following is NOT an example of p-hacking?
neglecting report conditions that fail to get the desired result
adjusting the results to remove seemingly extraneous factors
publishing both strong and weak results
deleting unusual responses
68
What kinds of behaviors by an acquaintance would MOST likely be remembered?
only behaviors consistent with the acquaintance’s personality
behaviors that are observed every day
the most recently observed typical behavior
Atypical behaviors that are emotionally charged
69
The personality paradigm that focuses on rewards and punishments.
Trait
Phenomenological
Psychoanalytic
Behaviorists
70
Which of the following is NOT part of the psychological triad?
Feelings
Behaviors
Psychological Health
Thoughts
