Environmental Science, Midterm Review, December 2022

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A feedback loop occurs when an output is fed back into a system that leads to changes in that system.

A sequence of organisms, each of which serves as a source of nutrients or energy for the next, is called a food chain.

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Many species of frogs and other amphibians are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions.

Earth’s hydrosphere consists of liquid water only.

One of the major planetary boundaries that scientists think has already been crossed is ocean acidification.

Artificial selection can only be done in a high-tech laboratory setting.

A life-centered worldview is particularly concerned with which of the following?

Organic compounds always contain carbon.

An acidic solution has a pH greater than 7.

A positive feedback loop _____.

Energy is the capacity to do useful work.

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Energy associated with motion is called potential energy.

Scientists estimate that the fossils found thus far represent about ___ of all species that have ever lived.

To be considered _____, a theory must be supported by multiple sources of evidence.

Non-native species may cause problems when they are introduced into an ecosystem.

Gross primary productivity (GPP) is a measure of how efficiently producers convert the sun’s energy into food energy.

Which of the following is NOT a result of affluence that is harmful to the environment?

All plants and some animals make up the trophic level of producers.

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Carbon monoxide is one of the end products of cellular respiration.

Which of the following is NOT a factor of sustainability?

How does full-cost pricing help create economic sustainability?

Which of the following qualifies as point-source pollution?

Oxygen in an ecosystem is consumed by animals, but not by plants.

The ozone layer, which filters out about 95% of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation, is found in the ____.

As biodiversity within an ecosystem increases, that ecosystem’s ability to withstand environmntl changes also increases.

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Because scientists cannot actually precisely measure a process like soil erosion over the entire planet, they must ____.

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Humans are altering the carbon cycle by _____.

The Florida Everglades is within 25 miles from Spanish River High School.

A scientific hypothesis must be testable.

With each transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next, about ____ of the energy is lost.

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The acidity of a solution is based on the comparative amounts of hydrogen ions and _____ ions.

Herbivores are secondary consumers.

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Matter can exist in three physical states: solid, liquid, and compound.

Scientists read each other’s work only after it is published.

The number of _____ in an atom determines which element it is.

The idea that people are part of, and dependent on, nature represents a(n) _____.

Oceans have a greater diversity than land areas.

Suppose you are part of a community with a sustainable yield of fish. Which of the following would be TRUE?

No fossil evidence remains from ancient species that lacked bones.

Changes to Earth’s biodiversity do not impact human economies or survival.

Which equation best represents NPP, or net primary productivity?

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A species that originates in an ecosystem and has adapted to conditions there is called a(n) _____.

Which of the following would decrease the T factor in the IPAT model?

Which members of the ecosystem transform glucose into carbon dioxide?

The Florida Everglades is the most diverse ecosystem in Florida.

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Reproductive isolation is a condition that leads to _____.

Together, natural resources and ecosystem services are referred to as _____.

Each of Earth's mass extinctions _____.

In the biosphere, _____.

Species that reproduce slowly take longer to adapt through the process of natural selection.

Along with Charles Darwin, Wallace also proposed the concept of _____ as a mechanism for biological evolution.

Adaptations are traits that an organism may develop over its lifetime that increase its chances for survival.

Cows eating grass are categorized as which trophic level?

What is one effect of relying on natural income?

Throughout most of Earth’s history, the rate of species extinctions has been very high.

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A species’ ecological niche refers to the range of habitats where it may be found.

Which resource does NOT need to be cycled by ecosystems because a continuous, unlimited supply is available?

Specialist species can respond more easily to changing environmental conditions than can generalist species.

Ions are _____.

Experiments are designed so that the control group differs from the experimental group by one key variable.

After scientists analyze data from an experiment, they can propose a(n) ____ that they can test.

Which of the following is correct?

The main focus of conservation is to _____.

Combinations of two or more different elements held together in fixed proportions are known as _____.

A species that can serve as a "biological smoke alarm" regarding damage to its ecosystem is called a(n) _____.

John Muir, a preservationist, wanted wilderness areas on some public lands to be _____.

Living off Earth's natural income may be compared to _____.

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The term “biodiversity” refers to the variety of life on Earth.

The air we breathe consists mostly of nitrogen.

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The water cycle can be viewed as a cycle of natural renewal of water quality.

Two or more atoms can combine to form a molecule.

An ecological tipping point marks a state in which an ecosystem can sustain itself.

Organisms that feed on the wastes or dead bodies of other organisms are best described as _____.

Whenever matter undergoes a physical or chemical change, no atoms are created or destroyed.

The process of natural selection favors individuals that _____.