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Borowed AP Psych Review
Borowed AP Psych Review
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1
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
well below the average of 200
2
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
3
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
median
range
standard deviation
4
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
5
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
6
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
autism
7
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
biomedical interventions
8
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
Moro
Babinski
stepping
9
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
hearing
sight
touch
10
The WISC is a...
Personality inventory
personality test
Intelligence test
none of these
11
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
12
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
13
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
personality
dissociative
schizophrenic
anixety
14
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
medulla
sensory cortex
15
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
hearing
balance
touch
sight
16
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
17
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
detecting absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
18
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
sublimation
displacement
projection
19
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
20
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
instrumental learning
21
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
planning for the future
22
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
23
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
24
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
dissociation
activation-synthesis
antagonists
tolerance
25
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
lithium
L-Dopa
26
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
27
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
28
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
latency period
oral stage
phallic stage
anal stage
29
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
30
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
31
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
double blind study
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
32
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
33
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
34
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
35
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
culture
environment
temperament
36
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
37
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
38
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
39
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
40
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
41
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
observational learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
42
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
retinal disparity
closure
linear perspective
43
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
44
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
45
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
46
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
phoneme
morpheme
grapheme
47
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
48
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
developmental study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
49
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
correlation study
experiment
naturalistic observation
50
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
content validity
split-half reliability
51
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
personalities
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
daily activities
52
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
amygdala
cerebellum
hypothalamus
53
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
aptitude test
EQ test
IQ test
54
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
neuroticism
openness
extraversion
55
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
56
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
57
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
58
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
normally distributed
modes
variances
59
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
60
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
61
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
62
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
delta waves
sleep spindles and k complexes
NREM
beta waves and delta waves
63
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
64
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
fixed variable
variable interval
continuous
65
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
clap their hands
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
66
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
67
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
group polarization
68
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebellum
pons
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
69
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
continuous
secondary
primary
70
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
71
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
72
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
fovea
blind spot
iris
73
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
74
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
standard deviation
median
range
75
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
PET
EEG
76
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
divergent thinking
a mental set
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
77
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
78
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
79
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
80
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
token economies
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
81
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
cognitive
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
82
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
out-group homogeneity
stereotyping
scapegoating
superordinate goals
83
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
standardization
construct validity
test-retest reliability
84
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
wearing guard uniforms
85
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
86
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
87
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
88
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
eat a meal
89
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
90
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
91
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
accommodation
discrimination
habituation
92
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
93
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
law of effect
token economy
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
94
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
95
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
96
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
97
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
98
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
positive psychology
social psychology
health psychology
99
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
100
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
modeling
latent learning
101
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
102
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
103
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
104
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
assignment to conditions
random assignment
random sampling
105
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
trait
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
106
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
107
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
108
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
109
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
110
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
humanistic
trait
psychoanalytic
111
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic chiasm
feature detectors
optic nerve
112
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
113
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
114
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
role theory and dissociation theory
115
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
116
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social facilitation
disinhibition
social roles
117
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
external
internal
fundamental
118
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
individualism
119
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
conservation
attachment
object permanence
120
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
biological
psychodynamic
evolutionary
121
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of informed consent
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
122
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
retroactive memory
recall
123
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
124
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
a theory
self-serving bias
overconfidence
125
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
postconventional
approach-avoidance
theory Y
James-Lange
126
Which is most directly involved speed of the electrical signal?
myelin
terminal button
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
127
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
128
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
probability
a mean that is the same as the median
correlation coeifficient
standard deviation
129
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
130
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
131
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
132
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
133
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
134
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
135
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
assimilate : accomodate
reward : punishment
136
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
modeling
positive punishment
137
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
138
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
139
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
140
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
mid 30s
early 20s
late 40s
141
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
gender schema theory
142
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
143
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
144
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
latent learning
social learning theory
the law of effect
145
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
146
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
147
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
brain injury
relearning effect
leading questions
proactive interference
148
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
149
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
150
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
151
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
social
dispositional
situational
152
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
psychoanalytic
trait
biological
153
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
154
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Broca's area
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
155
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
achievement
triarchic
standardized
156
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
pitch of the tone
157
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
158
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : increase
remove : punish
remove : decrease
add : decrease
159
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
160
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
attachment
assimilation
parenting style
161
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
groupthink
deindividuation
group polarization
162
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
cognitive
pharmacological
behavioral
structuralist
163
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
optic nerve
cornea
rods