Which of the following observations implied that the universe is accelerating in its expansion?

Type Ia Supernovae appeared fainter than expected given their redshifts

What is the Big Bang Theory?

The theory that the universe began in a hot dense state

Where is the center of the universe?

There is no unique center in the universe

What is the Fermi Paradox?

If therer are so many aliens, where are they?

Chains of organic compounds with DNA for genetic code

How does inflation begin?

The universe needs to break a supersymmetry after being supercooled

Assuming that Λ=0, what will happen to the universe if Ωm < 1

Expansion never stops, unbounded expansion

Which of the following is not a valid argument for the multiverse theory?

primordial black holes must have formed from other multiverses

What is the most important take away of this class?

"We are made of star stuff"- Carl Sagan

How did we prove that the universe was accelerating, not decelerating?

The supernovae we observed turned out to be fainter than expected

What is the accepted solution to Olber's Paradox?

The universe has a finite age, some light just hasn't reached us yet.

Which of these does NOT support the Big Bang Theory?

The horizon problem and flatness problem

Fundamentally, what does Hubble's law tell us?

Expansion of space causes distant objects to move away from us faster

What do temperature variations in the CMB imply?

They're imprints of ripples in early spacetime that form clusters and voids

When does dark energy become important in calculations?

The largest scales, distances from Milky Way to distant galaxy clusters

Which of these is not the product of inflation?

the initially irregular universe expands to become homogenous and isotropic

What principle allowed irregularities to occur before the big bang?

heisenbergy uncertainty principle

What was Einstein's reasoning for suggesting the Cosmological Constant

he wanted to predict a static universe

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Final Cosmology Review

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Questions 30

Answers

1
Which of the following observations implied that the universe is accelerating in its expansion?
The mass density of the universe is equal to the critical density
Type Ia Supernovae appeared fainter than expected given their redshifts
The universe is homogeneous and isotropic
Galaxies at high z are moving away from us faster than galaxies at low z
2
What is the Big Bang Theory?
theory that all stars will explode at the end of their lives
A show about Sheldon Cooper
Theory proposed by Hawking that Black Holes explode
The theory that the universe began in a hot dense state
3
What cosmological conditions do we believe are "finely tuned" for life to exist?
nuclear resonances
large cosmological constant
how similar the neutron and the proton weigh
how much stronger the weak force is compared to the strong force
4
Which of the four forces are NOT a part of the Grand Unified Theory?
gravity
Stronk
EM
weak
5
What process post-Big Bang created the CMB?
Primordial Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
inflation
Recombination
the formation of quark-gluon plasma
6
Where is the center of the universe?
Earth
There is no unique center in the universe
The center of the Milky Way Galaxy
In the Fornax Supercluster
7
What factors don't contribute to the number of communicating civiliazations in our galaxy?
average rate of star death
fraction of species that develop intelligent life
fraction of stars with habitable planetary systems
lifetime in communicative phases
8
What is the Fermi Paradox?
If therer are so many aliens, where are they?
Time dilates at fast speeds but lengths contract
If quantum fluctuations happen, why dont universes spawn anywhere
Energy requires mass, but mass requires energy
9
All stars are effectively
White Dwarfs
Blackbody Emitters
Main Sequence Stars
Neutron Stars
10
What is life?
Chains of organic compounds with DNA for genetic code
Hughkaryotic Soup
Ball
The Miller-Urey Apparatus
11
How does inflation begin?
Dark forces annihlate with Standard GUT forces
The universe needs to break a supersymmetry after being supercooled
The universe explodes from thermonuclear reactions
The universe gravitationally collapses in on itself
12
Assuming that Λ=0, what will the geometry of the universe be if Ω_m > 1
The geometry will be spherical
The geometry will be hyperbolic
The geometry will be flat
The geometry will be dodecahedral
13
Assuming that Λ=0, what will happen to the universe if Ω_m < 1
Expansion never stops, unbounded expansion
Expansion perfectly stops at infinite time
Collapses in on itself (Big Crunch)
Accelerates to infinite speeds and causes a big rip
14
Which of the following is not a valid argument for the multiverse theory?
if the universe arose from Quantum fluctuations, why cant it happen again?
primordial black holes must have formed from other multiverses
The constants of the universe are so perfectly fine tuned for life
Quantum physics and inflation theory suggest this
15
Which of these statements are false?
expansion cooled the universe down
we have yet to agree on what the Hubble's constant actually is
uncertainties of a galaxy's velocity increases with distance
the universe was always flat
16
What is the most important take away of this class?
Oh Boy Alex Filippenko Gives Killer Midterms Laughingly
"We are made of star stuff"- Carl Sagan
Black holes succccc
Blue means hot and red means cold in astronomy
17
How did we prove that the universe was accelerating, not decelerating?
the universe is actually decelerating
The supernovae we observed turned out to be fainter than expected
The supernovae we observed turned out to be brighter than expected
Alex tossed an apple
18
What is the accepted solution to Olber's Paradox?
Universe has a finite size
Copernician theory states that stars line up in radial spokes
Stars just don't form as much at large distances (infinitely big universe)
The universe has a finite age, some light just hasn't reached us yet.
19
Which of these does NOT support the Big Bang Theory?
The universe is expanding and has a finite age
The horizon problem and flatness problem
There is a sea of photons left over from the hot, dense beginning (CMB)
Galaxies evolve with time
20
If the age of the universe is approximately 13 Gyr, what will it be if we double H_0?
12.8 Billion Years Old
13 Billion Years Old
6.5 Billion Years Old
26 Billion Years Old
21
Fundamentally, what does Hubble's law tell us?
H_0 is a constant in time
The farther a galaxy is away from us the slower it moves
Speed of a galaxy increases with time
Expansion of space causes distant objects to move away from us faster
22
What do temperature variations in the CMB imply?
They are impurities on the atom that the universe started on
Cold regions have White Holes and Hot Regions have Black Holes
They're imprints of ripples in early spacetime that form clusters and voids
Hot spots corresponds to extra dimensions
23
When does dark energy become important in calculations?
Scales comparable to our neighboring galaxies
Scales comparable to a galaxy
The largest scales, distances from Milky Way to distant galaxy clusters
Short distances (within solar systems)
24
Which of these is not the product of inflation?
The exponential expansion flattens the curvature of the universe
the CMB has a consistent temperature throughout the universe
space expanded faster than light creating a very large universe
the initially irregular universe expands to become homogenous and isotropic
25
If the speed of a galaxy always increases with time how is the age of the universe affected? (T₀ is Hubble Time)
t0 = 0.2 T0
t0 > T0
t0 < T0
t0 = T0
26
How much of the universe are consisted of known matter?
95%
30%
25%
5%
27
What is the speed limit for the expansion of the universe?
Limitless
Speed of Light
Mach 10
Speed of Sound
28
What is our biggest hurdle of becoming an interstellar civilization?
The energy problem
The Fermi Paradox
The heat death of the universe
Dark Energy and the expansion of the universe
29
What principle allowed irregularities to occur before the big bang?
conservation of energy
principle of least action
cosmological principle
heisenbergy uncertainty principle
30
What was Einstein's reasoning for suggesting the Cosmological Constant
he wanted to predict a rapidly accelerating expanding universe
he wanted to predict a constantly expanding universe
he wanted to predict a static universe
He wanted to predict a collapsing universe

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