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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
experiment
2
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
3
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
4
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
5
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
6
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
cerebellum
7
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
split-half reliability
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
8
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
Down syndrome
9
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
social learning theory
10
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
11
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
EQ test
achievement test
IQ test
12
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
13
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
sublimation
modeling
mirror neurons
latent learning
14
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
15
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict
16
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
frequency theory
17
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
18
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
19
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
social psychology
20
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
21
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
22
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
23
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
developmental study
social-cognitive study
24
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
language acquisition device
25
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
construct validity
standardization
26
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
cognitive
evolutionary
psychodynamic
27
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
archetypes
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
28
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
29
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
sight
touch
hearing
30
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
31
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
32
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
33
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
34
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
35
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
amygdala
hypothalamus
cerebellum
36
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
frequency theory
difference threshold
37
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
retroactive memory
episodic memory
38
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
39
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
40
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
standard deviation
inferential statistics
41
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
trait
cognitive
humanistic
42
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
43
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
44
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
45
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
rational emotive behavior therapy
46
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
47
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
48
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
49
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
alpha waves
beta waves
sleep spindles
50
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
51
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
52
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
53
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
54
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
personalities
55
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
fixed ratio
continuous
variable interval
56
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
counterbalancing
57
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
William James
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
58
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
morpheme
holobase
grapheme
59
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
60
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
61
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
token economies
systematic desensitization
REBT
62
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
deindividuation
group polarization
social facilitation
groupthink
63
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
64
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
attachment
conservation
object permanence
65
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
standardized
projective
achievement
66
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
67
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
68
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
69
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
assignment to conditions
random sampling
representative assignment
70
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
71
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
corpus callosum
72
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
fovea
iris
blind spot
73
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
74
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
75
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
76
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
puberty
early 20s
mid 30s
77
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
78
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
79
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
cerebellum
80
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
culture
family
environment
81
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
role theory and dissociation theory
82
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
convergence
closure
linear perspective
83
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
84
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
attachment
parenting style
motor development
85
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
group polarization
86
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
standard deviation
median
mean
87
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
personality
anixety
dissociative
schizophrenic
88
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
89
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic nerve
feature detectors
optic chiasm
90
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
Broca's area
91
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
92
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
93
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
modeling
positive reinforcement
94
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
a theory
hindsight bias
overconfidence
95
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social roles
conformity
disinhibition
social facilitation
96
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
97
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
98
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
terminal button
myelin
99
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
PET
EEG
100
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
in-group bias
101
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
deindividuation
102
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
say a sentence
103
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
104
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
secondary preventions
biomedical interventions
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
105
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
size of the group
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
106
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
107
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
108
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
109
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
approach-avoidance
postconventional
theory Y
110
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
cognitive
behavioral
111
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
self-fulfilling prophecy
112
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
113
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
50
84
95
68
114
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
antagonists
dissociation
tolerance
115
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
pharmacological
behavioral
cognitive
116
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
social
situational
dispositional
117
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
latency period
anal stage
oral stage
118
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
119
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
120
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
121
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
lithium
SSRIs
122
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
leading questions
proactive interference
relearning effect
brain injury
123
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : decrease
remove : increase
add : decrease
124
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
humanist
social-cognitive
trait
125
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
126
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
a strong superego
127
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
128
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
129
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
biological
evolutionary
psychodynamic
130
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
median
standard deviation
range
131
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
132
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
confirmation bias
framing effects
133
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
procedural memory
sensory memory
short-term memory
134
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
135
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
secondary
continuous
partial
136
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
variances
outliers
normally distributed
137
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
internal
situational
external
138
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
139
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
140
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
141
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
142
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
143
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
counterconditioning
insight learning
latent learning
144
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
145
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
stereotyping
146
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
hearing
balance
sight
touch
147
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
148
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
Moro
stepping
rooting
149
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
neuroticism
extraversion
conscientiousness
150
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
151
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
152
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
153
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
habituation
discrimination
accommodation
assimilation
154
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
155
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
rods
cornea
cones
optic nerve
156
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
157
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
158
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
159
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
160
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
161
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
risk of psychological harm
162
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
humanistic
trait
psychoanalytic
163
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
reaction formation
displacement
projection